scholarly journals Evidence for the continuous latent structure of mania in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area from multiple latent structure and construct validation methodologies

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Prisciandaro ◽  
J. E. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Latent Structure ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Epidemiologic Catchment Area

BackgroundAlthough psychiatric diagnostic systems have conceptualized mania as a discrete phenomenon, appropriate latent structure investigations testing this conceptualization are lacking. In contrast to these diagnostic systems, several influential theories of mania have suggested a continuous conceptualization. The present study examined whether mania has a continuous or discrete latent structure using a comprehensive approach including taxometric, information-theoretic latent distribution modeling (ITLDM) and predictive validity methodologies in the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study.MethodEight dichotomous manic symptom items were submitted to a variety of latent structural analyses, including factor analyses, taxometric procedures and ITLDM, in 10105 ECA community participants. In addition, a variety of continuous and discrete models of mania were compared in terms of their relative abilities to predict outcomes (i.e. health service utilization, internalizing and externalizing disorders, and suicidal behavior).ResultsTaxometric and ITLDM analyses consistently supported a continuous conceptualization of mania. In ITLDM analyses, a continuous model of mania demonstrated 6.52:1 odds over the best-fitting latent class model (LCM) of mania. Factor analyses suggested that the continuous structure of mania was best represented by a single latent factor. Predictive validity analyses demonstrated a consistent superior ability of continuous models of mania relative to discrete models.ConclusionsThe present study provided three independent lines of support for a continuous conceptualization of mania. The implications of a continuous model of mania are discussed.

scholarly journals Personality and Cognitive Decline in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Follow-up Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Hock ◽  
Hochang Benjamin Lee ◽  
O. Joseph Bienvenu ◽  
Gerald Nestadt ◽  
Jack F. Samuels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Epidemiologic Catchment Area ◽  
Follow Up Study

scholarly journals Job strain and cognitive change: the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Dong ◽  
William W Eaton ◽  
Adam P Spira ◽  
Jacqueline Agnew ◽  
Pamela J Surkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Job Control ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Epidemiologic Catchment Area ◽  
Follow Up Study

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between job strain and subsequent cognitive change over approximately 11 years, using data from the population-based Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area follow-up study.MethodsThe sample ranged from 555 to 563 participants, depending on the outcome, who reported psychosocial characteristics corresponding to the full-time job they held at baseline (1993–1996). Overall cognitive performance was measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and verbal memory was measured by the ImmediateWord Recall Task and Delayed Word Recall Task at baseline and follow-up (2004–2005). Multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between job strain and cognitive change, and inverse probability weighting was used to account for differential attrition.ResultsParticipants with high job demands (psychological or physical demands) and/or low job control had greater decrease in the MMSE and memory scores than those with low job demands and high job control. After adjustment for baseline outcome scores, age and sex, the greatest decrease was observed in participants with high job demands and low job control (MMSE: −0.24, 95% CI −0.36 to –0.11; verbal memory scores: −0.26, 95% CI −0.44 to –0.07). The differences were partially explained by sociodemographic characteristics, occupational prestige and health factors.ConclusionsFindings from this prospective study suggest that job strain is associated with and may be a potential modifiable risk factor for adverse cognitive outcomes.

The incidence of specific DIS/DSM-III mental disorders: data from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Eaton ◽  
M. Kramer ◽  
J. C. Anthony ◽  
A. Dryman ◽  
S. Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Epidemiologic Catchment Area

scholarly journals Analysis of Structure-Preserving Discrete Models for Predator-Prey Systems with Anomalous Diffusion

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Alba-Pérez ◽  
Jorge E. Macías-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Anomalous Diffusion ◽  
Finite Difference Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Continuous Model ◽  
Discrete Models ◽  
Extended Form ◽  
Original Population ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Structure Preserving ◽  
Spatial Dimensions

In this work, we investigate numerically a system of partial differential equations that describes the interactions between populations of predators and preys. The system considers the effects of anomalous diffusion and generalized Michaelis–Menten-type reactions. For the sake of generality, we consider an extended form of that system in various spatial dimensions and propose two finite-difference methods to approximate its solutions. Both methodologies are presented in alternative forms to facilitate their analyses and computer implementations. We show that both schemes are structure-preserving techniques, in the sense that they can keep the positive and bounded character of the computational approximations. This is in agreement with the relevant solutions of the original population model. Moreover, we prove rigorously that the schemes are consistent discretizations of the generalized continuous model and that they are stable and convergent. The methodologies were implemented efficiently using MATLAB. Some computer simulations are provided for illustration purposes. In particular, we use our schemes in the investigation of complex patterns in some two- and three-dimensional predator–prey systems with anomalous diffusion.

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