Development of mechanisms for regulating the educational process by students of higher educational institutions

Introduction. Currently, civil passivity, unwillingness to bear responsibility, is very common among students of higher educational institutions. Creating conditions for the active life of students is a complex problem, the solution of which depends on the efficiency of the enterprises of the region and the country. The education of the norms of collective life in young specialists, the development of civil and social responsibility is an important and urgent task. The purpose of the study: to develop measures to improve educational work with students of technical universities by creating conditions for their active life in accordance with the purpose and objectives of the approximate work program of education recommended by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. Materials and methods. The analysis of scientific sources in the field of education, organization of student self-government, improvement of student satisfaction is applied. The study analyzed the results of the questionnaire survey of 947 students of Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Methods of mathematical statistics: t-Student test for independent samples. The results of the study. Stated the facts of unsatisfactory consideration of the opinion of students, as well as the imperfection of the existing mechanisms of student self-government and regulation of the educational process. The identified comments and suggestions of students regarding the organization of the university's work remain mostly in self-examination reports, which was confirmed when comparing data on student satisfaction for 2019 and 2020, no significant differences were found according to the Student's criterion (p > 0.1). The practical significance lies in identifying the points of growth of higher educational institutions in terms of improving educational work. The results of the study can be useful and applicable for creating conditions for the active life of students in other universities of the country. In the future, it is planned to repeat the research in order to evaluate the recommendations.

Trophic migrations of the brown bear in the forest landscapes of the Vostochny Nature Reserve on Sakhalin Island

The article deals with trophic migrations of the brown bear in the characteristic forest landscapes of the Vostochny Nature Reserve. Active life of a bear in the reserve begins after hibernation and is directly related to foraging in different seasons of the year. In the spring-early summer period, bears concentrate in valley forest complexes and coastal-marine landscapes, where, along with plant food, they obtain various products of animal origin thrown out of the sea. During the summer period, from the beginning of the course of salmon and until the end of their spawning, the animals mainly live in the mouths of rivers, and as the fish move, they go upstream and are distributed among their numerous tributaries. During the autumn period, bears concentrate mainly in mountainous forest landscapes and high-altitude natural complexes of the reserve, where they eat ripe berries and pine nuts, their trophic migrations are significantly reduced.

Active Life for Brain Health: A Narrative Review of the Mechanism Underlying the Protective Effects of Physical Activity on the Brain

A growing body of evidence clearly indicates the beneficial effects of physical activity (PA) on cognition. The importance of PA is now being reevaluated due to the increase in sedentary behavior in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although many studies in humans have revealed that PA helps to preserve brain health, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, which mainly focuses on studies in humans, we comprehensively summarize the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of PA or exercise on brain health, particularly cognition. The most intensively studied mechanisms of the beneficial effects of PA involve an increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and preservation of brain volume, especially that of the hippocampus. Nonetheless, the mutual associations between these two factors remain unclear. For example, although BDNF presumably affects brain volume by inhibiting neuronal death and/or increasing neurogenesis, human data on this issue are scarce. It also remains to be determined whether PA modulates amyloid and tau metabolism. However, recent advances in blood-based biomarkers are expected to help elucidate the beneficial effects of PA on the brain. Clinical data suggest that PA functionally modulates cognition independently of neurodegeneration, and the mechanisms involved include modulation of functional connectivity, neuronal compensation, neuronal resource allocation, and neuronal efficiency. However, these mechanisms are as yet not fully understood. A clear understanding of the mechanisms involved could help motivate inactive persons to change their behavior. More accumulation of evidence in this field is awaited.

Increasing physical activity by Gamification among Brazilian high school students: a pilot study

This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a Gamification-based intervention on physical activity levels of High School students. This quasi experimental study was conducted in two federal high schools in Southern Brazil. One class from each school was selected to be either intervention (INT) or control (CON) group. Experiment duration was two weeks, and both groups downloaded My Active Life app. INT group (n = 69) participants received daily app alerts with messages of encouragement to practice physical activity. They also received a score based on the percentage of goal achieved. CON group (n = 35) only had access to total number of steps per day. INT group showed a lower decrease in physical activity at school compared to CON group (p = 0.024). No effect of intervention was observed in physical activity out of school (p = 0.911). Gamification-based intervention prevented a decrease in physical activity at school among male (F = 10.680; p = 0.004), students at first half of high school (F = 12.668; p = 0.002), and adequate body mass index (F = 4.640; p = 0.037), and with lower perception of barriers to physical activity (F = 5.437; p = 0.024). Although we did not observe an increase in physical activity at school, gamification-based intervention may mitigate its decrease among adolescents.

PSYCHOTHERAPY DURING COVID-19

Психотерапевтическая помощь человеку важна на всех этапах его жизни в условиях пандемии. Впечатленность человека пугающей информацией, поступившей от СМИ, ведёт, в ряде случаев, к формированию ковидофобии. Недооценка опасности заболевания может вести к отрицанию существования вируса и отказу от вакцинации. Если встреча организма человека с вирусом все же состоялась, важна настройка психики на содействие работе иммунитета. После перенесенной инфекции актуальна отработка последствий болезни как в части полученных страшных впечатлений, связанных с болезнью, с пребыванием в ковидном госпитале и др., так и поддержка в возвращении человека к активной жизни. Отдельно стоит помощь людям, потерявшим близких. Разбираем некоторые аспекты этой комплексной работы, прописываем конкретные алгоритмы помощи в перечисленных ситуациях методом психокатализа. Один выводов работы: индуцированное психотерапией снижение уровня стресса, формирование благого ожидания, связанного с работой иммунитета, благотворно действует на здоровье пациентов. В случае вирусного заражения способствует более быстрому и с меньшими осложнениями преодолению болезни и может рекомендоваться как важное вспомогательное средство профилактики и лечения коронавирусной и других видов инфекции. Psychotherapeutic assistance to a person is important at all stages of his life in a pandemic. A person's impression of frightening information from the media leads, in some cases, to the formation of covidophobia. Underestimating the danger of the disease can lead to denial of the existence of the virus and refusal to vaccinate. If the meeting of the human body with the virus did take place, it is important to tune the psyche to promote the work of immunity. After infection, it is important to work out the consequences of the disease, both in terms of the received terrible impressions associated with the disease, with a stay in a covid hospital, etc., as well as support in returning a person to an active life. The help to people who have lost loved ones could be very important as well. We analyze some aspects of this complex work, prescribe specific algorithms for helping in the listed situations using the method of psychocatalysis. One of the conclusions of the work: psychotherapy-induced stress reduction, the formation of a good expectation associated with the work of the immune system, has a beneficial effect on the health of patients. In the case of viral infection, it helps to overcome the disease more quickly and with less complications and can be recommended as an important auxiliary means of preventing and treating coronavirus and other types of infection.

The changing self: The impact of dementia on the personal and social identity of women (findings from the Improving the Experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life programme)

This paper explores the impact of dementia on the selfhood of women, specifically the ways in which changes occur as a result of such a diagnosis. Interviews were conducted with 12 women (recruited from the Improving the Experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life programme dataset), and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Emergent themes concerned the process of receiving and adjusting to a dementia diagnosis, the emotional and psychological impact of dementia, self-presentation and stigma and the self-enforcement of new boundaries. The analysis showed that dementia had a wide-ranging impact on the selfhood and identity of women, with newfound characteristics associated with the disease leading to a loss of self-esteem, sadness and anger. The women subsequently engaged in the modification of their behaviour, as a means of coming to terms with the losses experienced.

Methodology for creating software and mathematical support for modeling the spacecraft dynamic operations

The basis for ensuring a high level of reliability and safety in dynamic operations is a comprehensive experimental development of products in conditions as close to the real conditions of operation as possible with the use of mathematical and simulation modeling. The technical task of conducting dynamic operations in orbit is analyzed, which in turn boils down to two basic: bringing the initial state of the spacecraft grouping into a given area of space and performing maneuvers in a given area of space during the active life. These management tasks and terminal requirements are considered to be initial in relation to the stochastic and minimax approaches that are offered for use in the construction of working algorithms. The method of developing a software-modeling complex of the decisive task of developing the means of conducting dynamic operations of the spacecraft has been proposed. The application is illustrated by examples.

Youth in the First Wave of a Pandemic: Features of Attitudes Towards Health and New Coronavirus Infection

The article is devoted to the study of the general and special in the attitude of young people to their health and the perception of the pandemic in the conditions of its first wave. The analysis is based on the results of a study conducted during the lockdown in June 2020. The study examines the understanding of the meaning of health and its meaning, behavioral attitudes and self-preservation practices of young people. Shown are gender differences in attitudes towards health and measures to protect it in the acute phase of a pandemic. The socio-cultural conditionality of the practices of selfpreserving behavior is revealed by their connection with attitudes towards individualism, solidarity, and paternalism. The semantic perception of instrumental values in women and men has a different degree of expression and different semantic content. Women showed less pragmatism and more anxiety, but more indifference to antiviral measures than men. The lack of readiness for extensive preventive measures and early diagnosis of the disease was found to be similar for both groups. The contradictions in the identified attitudes of the respondents the authors associate with the lack of communication between the authorities and the youth, as well as the weakness of cultural and educational work among young people. The results obtained correlate with the main differentiating features expressed in attitudes towards solidarity / individualism, paternalism / emancipation and an active life position, which indicates the relationship between life-meaning values and behavioral practices in the attitude of young people to health