P300 deficits in adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1529-1538 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Szuromi ◽  
P. Czobor ◽  
S. Komlósi ◽  
I. Bitter
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Target Detection ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
P3 Amplitude ◽  
And Gender

BackgroundThe P300 (P3) event-related potential (ERP) component, a possible endophenotype for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has been widely examined in children, but received little attention in adults. Our objective was to conduct a meta-analysis of P3 studies in adults with ADHD.MethodWe searched the Medline and PsycINFO databases for controlled studies examining both adult ADHD and matched healthy controls. Six relevant publications were identified for the meta-analysis, which had comparable data across studies with regard to the amplitude of ERP components related to target detection (P3, P3b). Pooled effect size (ES) for P3 amplitude as well as the association of the ES with age and gender were investigated using meta-regression.ResultsComparing the ADHD group versus controls, the pooled effect size for a decrease in P3 amplitude was in the medium range (Cohen's d=−0.55, p=0.0006). Additionally, meta-regression revealed that decrease in P3 amplitude significantly varied with the mean age of ADHD patients (p=0.0087), with a gradual increasing of the difference at higher ages. Results also showed a significant association between the ES and gender, indicating a more pronounced reduction of P3 amplitude in the ADHD group versus controls when females were predominantly represented in the sample.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of P3 characteristics in adults with ADHD. It reveals a significantly decreased P3 amplitude during target detection. Our result that the reduction in P3 amplitude increases with age is interpreted in a neurodevelopmental context.

Prevalence of bruxism in children receiving treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghadah Malki ◽  
Khalid Zawawi ◽  
Marcello Melis ◽  
Christopher Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adhd Group ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Dental Attrition ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
And Gender

The objective of this study was to evaluate reported bruxism among children affected by attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Thirty children diagnosed with ADHD and 30 healthy age and gender matched controls participated in the study. All subjects were examined for dental attrition, and the parents were asked for signs and symptoms of bruxism in their children using a questionnaire. Prevalence of oral parafunction was evaluated comparing ADHD children taking medications, ADHD children not taking medications, and controls. Subjects affected by ADHD and pharmacologically treated showed higher occurrence of bruxism compared to subjects affected by ADHD not taking medicines and controls; and within the ADHD group taking medications, CNS-stimulants have been associated with such side effect more frequently than the other drugs.

Prevalence and correlates of adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Simon ◽  
Pál Czobor ◽  
Sára Bálint ◽  
Ágnes Mészáros ◽  
István Bitter
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Demographic Correlates ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

BackgroundIn spite of the growing literature about adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), relatively little is known about the prevalence and correlates of this disorder.AimsTo estimate the prevalence of adult ADHD and to identify its demographic correlates using meta-regression analysis.MethodWe used the MEDLINE, PsycLit and EMBASE databases as well as hand-searching to find relevant publications.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of adult ADHD was 2.5% (95% CI 2.1–3.1). Gender and mean age, interacting with each other, were significantly related to prevalence of ADHD. Metaregression analysis indicated that the proportion of participants with ADHD decreased with age when men and women were equally represented in the sample.ConclusionsPrevalence of ADHD in adults declines with age in the general population. We think, however, that the unclear validity of DSM–IV diagnostic criteria for this condition can lead to reduced prevalence rates by underestimation of the prevalence of adult ADHD.

Predicted effect size of lisdexamfetamine treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in European adults: Estimates based on indirect analysis using a systematic review and meta-regression analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Fridman ◽  
P.S. Hodgkins ◽  
J.S. Kahle ◽  
M.H. Erder
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Meta Regression ◽  
Meta Regression Analysis

AbstractBackground:There are few approved therapies for adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Europe. Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is an effective treatment for ADHD; however, no clinical trials examining the efficacy of LDX specifically in European adults have been conducted. Therefore, to estimate the efficacy of LDX in European adults we performed a meta-regression of existing clinical data.Methods:A systematic review identified US- and Europe-based randomized efficacy trials of LDX, atomoxetine (ATX), or osmotic-release oral system methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) in children/adolescents and adults. A meta-regression model was then fitted to the published/calculated effect sizes (Cohen'sd) using medication, geographical location, and age group as predictors. The LDX effect size in European adults was extrapolated from the fitted model. Sensitivity analyses performed included using adult-only studies and adding studies with placebo designs other than a standard pill-placebo design.Results:Twenty-two of 2832 identified articles met inclusion criteria. The model-estimated effect size of LDX for European adults was 1.070 (95% confidence interval: 0.738, 1.401), larger than the 0.8 threshold for large effect sizes. The overall model fit was adequate (80%) and stable in the sensitivity analyses.Conclusion:This model predicts that LDX may have a large treatment effect size in European adults with ADHD.

Efficacy, Acceptability, and Tolerability of Lisdexamfetamine, Mixed Amphetamine Salts, Methylphenidate, and Modafinil in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matej Stuhec ◽  
Petar Lukić ◽  
Igor Locatelli
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: Psychostimulants are the first-line treatment in adults with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of lisdexamfetamine (LDX), mixed amphetamine salts (MASs), modafinil (MDF), and methylphenidate (MPH) in comparison with placebo. Data Sources: We systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE and Clinicaltrials.gov in May 2016, along with CENTRAL and EU Clinical Trials Register in February 2016, for the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trials conducted on adults diagnosed with ADHD. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Substantial comorbidity, substance abuse or dependence, and nonpharmacological interventions represented grounds for exclusion. Published reports were the sole source for data extraction. Improvement in ADHD symptoms was the primary outcome. Random-effects model meta-analysis was applied to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CIs. Data Synthesis: The search retrieved 701 records, of which 20 studies were eligible for analysis. High effect size (expressed as SMD) in reducing ADHD symptoms was observed for LDX (−0.89; 95% CI = −1.09, −0.70), whereas MASs (−0.64; 95% CI = −0.83, −0.45) and MPH (−0.50; 95% CI = −0.58, −0.41) reduced symptoms moderately compared with placebo. No efficacy was shown for MDF (0.08; 95% CI; −0.18, 0.34). Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice: In this meta-analysis, the efficacy, tolerability, and acceptability of psychostimulants were compared with that for placebo. Five of the included trials have not been evaluated in any of the previously published meta-analyses. Conclusions: The results suggest that LDX has the largest effect size and has a promising potential for treating adults with ADHD.

scholarly journals Shared Care Models in the Treatment of Pediatric Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 233339281876288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshal A. Sultan ◽  
Carlos S. Pastrana ◽  
Kathleen A. Pajer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Collaborative Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Care Models

Objectives: The aim of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness of shared/collaborative care between mental health-care providers and primary care providers (PCPs) on the outcomes of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This evaluation will be very helpful in the allocation of ADHD resources for models with the strongest evidence. Methods: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement, we searched for randomized controlled trials, cohort, case–control, and cross-sectional studies on shared/collaborative care models in the treatment of ADHD. Using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and CENTRAL databases from January 2000 to December 2016, we retrieved English language articles for review. The validation search identified 75 records. Five studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed in this systematic review. There were insufficient data for a meta-analysis. The included studies involved 655 children and adolescents who had a diagnosis of ADHD. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias was used to estimate bias. Results: Overall, the results show that the effects of shared/collaborative care models were small to moderate (effect size: 0.1-0.6, P = .04) on symptom rating scales, but all positively affected functional outcomes (effect size: 0.3-0.7, P = .04-.01). The data indicated that the models were associated with increased PCPs’ comfort levels, but the evidence for increased capacity for diagnosing and managing ADHD was weaker. Conclusions: This review concludes that the current studies do not show strong evidence for the outcome of collaboration between PCPs and mental health professionals on ADHD management. Future research should consider providing education to PCPs on management guidelines prior to conducting the trials, and more innovation is needed to discover methods of collaboration that affect the direct care of ADHD.

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