Tricho-Dento-Osseous Syndrome: A Report of a Familial Cluster and a Literature Review

Tricho-dento-osseous syndrome (TDO), is a very rare, autosomal dominant genetic disorder, commonly characterized by curly hair at infancy, severe enamel hypomineralization and hypoplasia with taurodontism teeth, bone defects and other deformities. Other phenotypic features include flat fingernails and altered craniofacial morphology. A genetic linkage has been identified on chromosome 17q21 in the DLX3 gene. Treatment plan of TDO is to prevent problems such as sensitivity and dental attrition of the hypoplastic structure of the tooth, to promote the esthetics and encourage self-confidence of the patient. In this case report, we present a family with the proband father, and the two children siblings affected by the TDO syndrome. We describe clinical and radiological features, along with dental characteristics and genetic background. Management of TDO syndrome necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, appropriate documentation, and long-term follow up.

Periodontal and Dental Status in Packs of Spanish Dogs

While periodontal disease (PD) is the most common canine oral pathology, its prevalence varies according to diagnosis methodology, breed, and age. We intended to increase understanding of canine PD by studying dogs that are managed in a specific way: pack dogs in Spain. They received a mixed diet (home-prepared food, commercial dry food, stale bread and bones). Thirty-two conscious individuals from two packs of dogs in Northeastern Spain (30/32 crossbred hunting dogs and 2/32 Siberian Husky; 26 males and 6 females; 27.75 ± 5.807 kgs; 5.48 ± 2.818 years) received visual dental examination for assessment of absent teeth (AT), dental calculus (DC) grade, gingival recession (GR), periodontal disease (PD), tooth fracture (TF), and dental attrition (DA). DC was the most prevalent oral problem (75%), followed by TF/DA (68.75%), AT (34.37%), GR (31.25%), and, finally, PD (15.62%). Low individual affectation values were found for AT, GR, and PD (<1 tooth/individual); mean DC grade per individual was 0.06 ± 0.063; and TF and DA were found in 1.63 and 4.72 teeth/individual, respectively. Low prevalence and extent of PD was attributed to diagnosis methodology, bodyweight effect, breed, and, ultimately, diet. Individuals affected by DC remained under veterinary surveillance due to PD development.

The Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders and Dental Attrition Levels in Patients with Posterior Crossbite and/or Deep Bite: A Preliminary Prospective Study

Background. The prevalence of various temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and the severity of attrition in patients with either bilateral or unilateral deep bite and/or posterior crossbite has not been established, nor has the effect of one year of orthodontic treatment on TMD. Methods. Of 310 patients presenting with suspected TMD, 160 were diagnosed with various TMD and 150 were TMD-free. Diagnosis was according to the Axis I of the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. All participants underwent a dental examination, and 100 patients were reevaluated after one year of orthodontic treatment. Fisher’s exact test and the proportion test with Bonferroni’s correction were used for the categorical univariate analysis. Results. There was a significant association ( P < 0.001 ) between deep bite and dental attrition (wear), but not between crossbite and/or deep bite in patients diagnosed with either painful TMD or disc displacement. The risk of sustaining painful TMD when crossbite presented simultaneously on the anterior and the posterior dentition was 2.625-fold greater than when it presented with a normal bite, although this difference was not significant ( P = 0.286 ) due to the lack of statistical power. There was no significant sex-related association between the occurrence of either painful TMD or disc displacement. A reduction in TMD findings was demonstrated after one year of treatment, but no statistical power was reached due to the small sample size. Conclusions. Deep bite may be related to dental wear but not to pain from TMD and/or disc displacement. Only crossbite that presents simultaneously on the anterior and the posterior dentition (mixed X-bite) may have some effect on the level of pain in TMD, but not on in the prevalence of disc displacement. Confirmation of these conclusions by well-designed studies on larger patient groups is warranted. There was a clinically significant improvement in TMD findings after one year of treatment.

Predprotetičko liječenje kompleksnog 35-godišnjeg bolesnika lošeg oralnog zdravlja

This is a case of a 35-year-old patient who was selected to participate in the humanitarian project of a complete oral rehabilitation and quality of life improvement. The project was carried out by the dean, professors, teaching assistants and students at the Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health in Osijek. Patient’s oral cavity status was incongruent with his age due to the extensive inflammatory disease and active caries on multiple teeth. Further progression of dental disease in this patient would have led to a complete loss of function, alveolar ridge resorption and edentulousness of the both jaws. Clinical examination revealed the following: decay of the teeth 18, 13, 12, 23, 33, 43 (FDI system), dental attrition of teeth 32, 31, 41, 42, root remnants 15, 14, 11, 24, 26, 27, 38, 37, 36, 35 and 34, periodontitis and periapical periodontitis. Extensive dental reparative work has been done in this patient and he was prepared for the upcoming prosthetic work.

Paleopathological Research in Southern Patagonia: An Approach to Understanding Stress and Disease in Hunter-Gatherer Populations

This article reviews the most relevant data regarding evidence of stress and disease in native populations from Southern Patagonia and proposes future directions for paleopathological research. It focuses on the disease patterns in hunter-gatherer societies and the changes produced by contact and colonization. Studies of oral pathologies show a high frequency of dental attrition and low frequency of caries and antemortem tooth loss. Individuals with terrestrial dietary patterns show evidence of higher mechanical stress in the spine than those who participated in marine economies, based on the prevalence of Schmorl's nodes and vertebral osteophytosis. Porotic hyperostosis is more prevalent in individuals who had a marine diet and is probably related to nutritional impairment and parasitic infections. A higher frequency of metabolic stress was identified in individuals who lived in missions, perhaps because of declining quality in diet, hygiene, and living conditions. Paleoparasitological studies identified several species of parasites associated with human skeletons and terrestrial fauna. Moreover, recent studies suggested that treponematosis and tuberculosis were present in Patagonia since at least 1000 years BP. Future paleopathological research should increase the size and quality of studied samples and apply new methods and interpretive criteria. Detailed research into infections, degenerative joint diseases, and trauma (including violence episodes) has rarely been conducted.

Bioarchaeology of Idaho in perspective: A Late Archaic Burial (10MO84) from the Upper Snake River Plain

The fortuitous discovery of an isolated Late Archaic burial (10MO84) in southeastern Idaho is a rare contribution to bioarchaeology of the region. This study describes the osteobiography of this skeleton and contextualizes results to published accounts of bioarchaeology within Idaho, the Great Basin, and the Intermountain West. Analysis suggests that there is much potential variability in burial styles and goods in the region through time, dental attrition is consistently severe, and arthritis of the upper limb is common. More systematic and collaborative bioarchaeology will continue to improve a bio-cultural synthesis of prehistoric Idaho and surrounding regions.

Influence of tooth wear on the state of public health and its prevention (literature review)

This article deals with the issues related to the dental pathology, tooth wear or dental attrition, and spread of this pathology in the southern regions of the Kyrgyz Republic. Literary review, in which analysis of theoretical material on the pathology of dental attrition in upper and lower jaws depending on various factors, climatic and geographical location, was made in order to study experience on this issue in world practice. Main works of domestic and foreign scientists concerning tooth wear pathology have been reviewed for this purpose. Analysis of studies is made and experience in the field of dental attrition is investigated to find ways for prevention. In order to study this problem and spread of this pathology in the region fully, main factors and methods of eliminating causes of this pathology are taken into consideration. Clinical examinations were studied and the results were analyzed to take into account etiologic factors of tooth wear. Distribution of this pathology in the regions was analyzed. Issues of prevention and role of promoting healthy lifestyle and culture of healthy life among the population are considered. Conclusions on the influence of this pathology on health of population are drawn.

Tooth fracture frequency in gray wolves reflects prey availability

Exceptionally high rates of tooth fracture in large Pleistocene carnivorans imply intensified interspecific competition, given that tooth fracture rises with increased bone consumption, a behavior that likely occurs when prey are difficult to acquire. To assess the link between prey availability and dental attrition, we documented dental fracture rates over decades among three well-studied populations of extant gray wolves that differed in prey:predator ratio and levels of carcass utilization. When prey:predator ratios declined, kills were more fully consumed, and rates of tooth fracture more than doubled. This supports tooth fracture frequency as a relative measure of the difficulty of acquiring prey, and reveals a rapid response to diminished food levels in large carnivores despite risks of infection and reduced fitness due to dental injuries. More broadly, large carnivore tooth fracture frequency likely reflects energetic stress, an aspect of predator success that is challenging to quantify in wild populations.

STUDI PATOLOGI DAN KULTURAL PADA 19 GIGI LEPAS DARI KOTAK TP GEO IV SITUS GUNUNGWINGKO

Gunungwingko is an archaeological site located in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Province. This site was used from 0 AD to 17th century. In 1978 excavation, there were 19 isolated teeth found in excavation box T.P. Geo. IV from 170 – 220 cm in depth. The objective of this research is to identify Minimum Number Individual (MNI), and also their influences to health status and cultural point of view. The method being used for this research is bioarchaeological method with macroscopic analysis. We concluded that the MNI is four individuals based on four third left maxillary molars. Dental diseases such as dental attrition, dental caries, enamel hypoplasia, chipped tooth, and buccal pit can be observed in some of the teeth. Moreover, cultural influences also can be found in some of the teeth in form of dental modification (pangur) and betel chewing. One of the teeth showed evidence of multiple dental modification which possibly happened because of adulthood ceremonial and matrimonial/death ceremonial.