scholarly journals Cross-generational transmission from drug abuse in parents to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1301-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
H. Ohlsson ◽  
K. Sundquist ◽  
J. Sundquist
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Biological Mothers ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Generational Transmission ◽  
Path Models ◽  
Shared Genetic ◽  
Rearing Effects

BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predisposes to drug abuse (DA) and twin studies suggest shared genetic effects. We here seek to determine, using adoption and adoption-like samples, the magnitude of the cross-generational transmission from DA in parents to ADHD in their children and clarify the degree to which this arises from genetic v. rearing effects.MethodWe ascertained ADHD and DA from multiple Swedish registries. Statistical analysis was performed by Cox and path models.ResultsRisk for ADHD was significantly and similarly increased in the offspring of biological mothers and fathers with DA who did v. did not rear their offspring. Risk for ADHD was not elevated in the offspring of adoptive or step-parents with DA.ConclusionsCross-generational transmission was observed from DA in parents to ADHD in their children. An analysis of adoptive and adoptive-like parent–offspring relationships suggested that this transmission results from genetic and not from rearing effects.

scholarly journals Shared genetic background between children and adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rovira ◽  
Ditte Demontis ◽  
Cristina Sánchez-Mora ◽  
Tetyana Zayats ◽  
Marieke Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Common Genetic Variants ◽  
Shared Genetic

AbstractAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity that persist into adulthood in the majority of the diagnosed children. Despite several risk factors during childhood predicting the persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood, the genetic architecture underlying the trajectory of ADHD over time is still unclear. We set out to study the contribution of common genetic variants to the risk for ADHD across the lifespan by conducting meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies on persistent ADHD in adults and ADHD in childhood separately and comparing the genetic background between them in a total sample of 17,149 cases and 32,411 controls. Our results show nine new independent loci and support a shared contribution of common genetic variants to ADHD in children and adults. No subgroup heterogeneity was observed among children, while this group consists of future remitting and persistent individuals. We report similar patterns of genetic correlation of ADHD with other ADHD-related datasets and different traits and disorders among adults, children and when combining both groups. These findings confirm that persistent ADHD in adults is a neurodevelopmental disorder and extend the existing hypothesis of a shared genetic architecture underlying ADHD and different traits to a lifespan perspective.

scholarly journals Shared polygenic contribution between childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and adult schizophrenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian L. Hamshere ◽  
Evangelia Stergiakouli ◽  
Kate Langley ◽  
Joanna Martin ◽  
Peter Holmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Risk Alleles ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Shared Genetic

BackgroundThere is recent evidence of some degree of shared genetic susceptibility between adult schizophrenia and childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) for rare chromosomal variants.AimsTo determine whether there is overlap between common alleles conferring risk of schizophrenia in adults with those that do so for ADHD in children.MethodWe used recently published Psychiatric Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) Consortium (PGC) adult schizophrenia data to define alleles over-represented in people with schizophrenia and tested whether those alleles were more common in 727 children with ADHD than in 2067 controls.ResultsSchizophrenia risk alleles discriminated ADHD cases from controls (P = 1.04 × 104, R2 = 0.45%); stronger discrimination was given by alleles that were risk alleles for both adult schizophrenia and adult bipolar disorder (also derived from a PGC data-set) (P = 9.98 ×10−6, R2 × 0.59%).ConclusionsThis increasing evidence for a small, but significant, shared genetic susceptibility between adult schizophrenia and childhood ADHD highlights the importance of research work across traditional diagnostic boundaries.

scholarly journals Separation of genetic influences on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms and reaction time performance from those on IQ

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Wood ◽  
P. Asherson ◽  
J. J. van der Meere ◽  
J. Kuntsi
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adhd Symptom ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Shared Genetic

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows a strong phenotypic and genetic association with reaction time (RT) variability, considered to reflect lapses in attention. Yet we know little about whether this aetiological pathway is shared with other affected cognitive processes in ADHD, such as lower IQs or the generally slower responses (mean RTs). We aimed to address the question of whether a shared set of genes exist that influence RT variability, mean RT, IQ and ADHD symptom scores, or whether there is evidence of separate aetiological pathways.MethodMultivariate structural equation modelling on cognitive tasks data (providing RT data), IQ and ADHD ratings by parents and teachers collected on general population sample of 1314 twins, at ages 7–10 years.ResultsMultivariate structural equation models indicated that the shared genetic influences underlying both ADHD symptom scores and RT variability are also shared with those underlying mean RT, with both types of RT data largely indexing the same underlying liability. By contrast, the shared genetic influences on ADHD symptom scores and RT variability (or mean RT) are largely independent of the genetic influences that ADHD symptom scores share with IQ.ConclusionsThe finding of unique aetiological pathways between IQ and RT data, but shared components between mean RT, RT variability and ADHD symptom scores, illustrates key influences in the genetic architecture of the cognitive and energetic processes that underlie the behavioural symptoms of ADHD. In addition, the multivariate genetic model fitting findings provide valuable information for future molecular genetic analyses.

Attention Deficit Disorder Psychosis

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dirk Blom ◽  
Marieke Niemantsverdriet ◽  
Anke Spuijbroek ◽  
Sandra Kooji
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Clinical Phenomenon ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Shared Genetic

Attention deficit disorder psychosis is a little-known clinical phenomenon currently enjoying a modest revival of scientific attention. It is argued by some to not merely be a result of diagnostic comorbidity between psychosis and attention deficit disorder, but rather a diagnostic category in its own right with unique treatment implications. More specifically, a body of scientific literature has emerged which discusses the co-occurrence of psychotic symptoms and attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder symptoms, which, in at least some cases, is attributed to a shared genetic vulnerability for both groups of symptoms. The similarities and difference between attention deficit disorder psychosis and schizophrenia also are discussed, as is what some might consider a counterintuitive treatment procedure involving the careful concurrent use of antipsychotics and psychostimulants.

scholarly journals Dynamical properties of elemental metabolism distinguish attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from autism spectrum disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Austin ◽  
Paul Curtin ◽  
Austen Curtin ◽  
Chris Gennings ◽  
Manish Arora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Postnatal Development ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Quantification Analysis ◽  
Temporal Profiles

Abstract Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions of overlapping etiologies and phenotypes. For ASD, we recently reported altered elemental metabolic patterns in the form of short and irregular zinc and copper cycles. Here, we extend the application of these biomarkers of prenatal and early postnatal elemental metabolism to distinguish between individuals diagnosed with ADHD and/or ASD and neurotypical controls. We recruited twins discordant for ADHD, ASD and other neurodevelopmental diagnoses from national twin studies in Sweden (N = 74) diagnosed according to DSM-5 clinical consensus and standardized psychiatric instruments. Detailed temporal profiles of exposure to 10 metals over the prenatal and early childhood periods were measured using tooth biomarkers. We used recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) to characterize properties of cyclical metabolic patterns of these metals. Regularity (determinism) and complexity (entropy) of elemental cycles was consistently reduced in ADHD for cobalt, lead, and vanadium (determinism: cobalt, β = −0.03, P = 0.017; lead, β = −0.03, P = 0.016; and vanadium, β = −0.03, P = 0.01. Entropy: cobalt, β = −0.13, P = 0.017; lead, β = −0.18, P = 0.016; and vanadium, β = −0.15, P = 0.008). Further, we found elemental pathways and dynamical features specific to ADHD vs ASD, and unique characteristics associated with ADHD/ASD combined presentation. Dysregulation of cyclical processes in elemental metabolism during prenatal and early postnatal development not only encompasses pathways shared by ADHD and ASD, but also comprise features specific to either condition.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Obesity: The Weight of Shared Genetic Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S759
Author(s):  
Nina Roth Mota ◽  
Marieke Klein ◽  
Tessel E. Galesloot ◽  
Lambertus ALM Kiemeney ◽  
Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Genetic Risk ◽  
Genetic Risk Factors ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Shared Genetic
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document