Some Factors Influencing Atrazine Activity on Yellow Nutsedge(Cyperus esculentus)

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Nishimoto ◽  
C. P. Yip ◽  
R. D. Sweet
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Effective Field ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
Mother Tuber ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Field Control ◽  
Secondary Roots

Greenhouse studies were conducted to investigate the basis for effective field control of yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL. var.esculentus)when atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-trizine] was applied late postemergence. Yellow nutsedge responded similarly to atrazine applied preemergence, early postemergence, or late postemergence. Yellow nutsedge growing with or without the presence of the mother tuber responded similarly to atrazine applied early postemergence. Atrazine application to the soil resulted in much greater yellow nutsedge injury than foliar application. The addition of oil enhanced atrazine activity when foliarly applied, but not when soil applied. Simulated rainfall immediately after postemergence applications enhanced yellow nutsedge control more than when simulated rainfall was delayed. The primary roots of yellow nutsedge appeared to be more important than other underground absorbing areas for atrazine uptake in young plants. Plants from tubers originating from lower soil depths produced secondary roots deeper, and these plants were less affected by atrazine applied preemergence than plants originating from tubers closer to the soil surface. A considerable reduction in atrazine activity was obtained when tubers were planted into soil 1 month after atrazine application.

scholarly journals The effect of nitrogen on the root and shoot development of Lolium multiflorum var. westerwoldicum.

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
J.J. Schuurman ◽  
L. Knot
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Soil Level ◽  
Secondary Roots

Westerwolds ryegrass was grown in tubes on artificial soil profiles at N rates equivalent to 25, 50 or 100 kg/ha with a water table maintained 70 cm below the soil surface. Average results/plant after 13 weeks at low and high N were: DM yield of tops 5.0 and 14.6 g, water consumption 2660 and 4850 cm2, DM yield of roots 1.4 and 3.4 g, total length of all primary roots 2589 and 3374 cm, number of primary roots 103 and 161, number of secondary roots in topsoil 63 and 83 and in subsoil 71 and 83, and total root surface area 1084 and 1736 cm2. ADDITIONAL ABSTRACT: L. multiflorum plants were grown on sandy soil in asbestos tubes with an inner diameter of 15 cm, and 75 cm high, and supplied with 25, 50 or 100 kg N/ha. The soil water level was maintained at 70 cm below soil level. Top growth 8 and 13 weeks after sowing was progressively enhanced by the 2 higher rates, weight increments amounting to at least 72 and 188 %, respectively. These growth increases were accompanied by augmented water consumption, as well as root growth and numbers. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Yellow Nutsedge Control in Soybeans

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Wax ◽  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
F. W. Slife ◽  
R. N. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Silty Clay Loam ◽  
Late Planting ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Margin Of Safety

A system for controlling yellow nutsedge(Cyperus esculentusL.) in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] which involved preplanting tillage, late planting, herbicides, and cultivation was evaluated in 1969 and 1970. In Illinois on a Drummer silty clay loam,S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) andS-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate (butylate), incorporated in the soil before planting, gave good and fair control of yellow nutsedge, respectively, but both injured soybeans initially.S-propyl dipropylthiocarbamate (vernolate), also incorporated before planting, controlled yellow nutsedge as well as EPTC did, and resulted in less injury to soybeans. Soybean yields were not reduced by any of the thiocarbamate treatments. Incorporation of 2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide (alachlor) or 2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide (propachlor), just before planting, controlled at least 90% of the yellow nutsedge in both years, whereas preemergence applications were only moderately successful and dependent on rainfall. In field microplots, alachlor and vernolate provided only fair control of yellow nutsedge when applied to the soil surface, but they both controlled 95% of the yellow nutsedge when incorporated 7.6 cm. In greenhouse studies on selective control of yellow nutsedge in soybeans, alachlor exhibited a wider margin of safety to soybeans than did vernolate.

Response of Yellow Nutsedge and Soybeans to Bentazon, Glyphosate, and Perfluidone

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
L. M. Wax ◽  
R. L. Matthiesen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Good Coverage

Laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments were conducted in 1972 and 1973 on the efficacy of controlling yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentusL.) in soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] with bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide], glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], and perfluidone [1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide]. Young nutsedge plants (four- to six-leaf stage) were more susceptible to foliar sprays of the three herbicides than were older (six- to eight-leaf stage) plants. Foliar application of bentazon resulted in slow acropetal translocation of the herbicide, but killed the parent tubers. Good coverage of the foliage by bentazon sprays is essential, because the bentazon frequently kills only the foliage contacted by the spray. Applied as a postemergence broadcast spray, glyphosate injured soybeans severely at rates higher than 0.3 kg/ha, but did not satisfactorily control yellow nutsedge at rates less than 2.2 kg/ha. Perfluidone was active on yellow nutsedge when applied to either soil or foliage; yellow nutsedge was controlled best with preplant incorporated treatments at 4.5 kg/ha. Applications of 4.5 kg/ha perfluidone in the field significantly injured soybeans and reduced yields.

Toxicity, Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolism of 2,4-D in Yellow Nutsedge

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Bhan ◽  
E. W. Stoller ◽  
F. W. Slife
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Constant Percentage

We sprayed yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) with 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) at the two and four-leaf stages in both field and growth chamber studies. Compared to non-treated plants, these rates significantly reduced shoot weight, rhizome weight, and rhizome number 12 days after application. There were no significant differences in these growth responses among the rates tested, when applied one, two, and three times at consecutive 12-day intervals. We pretreated two and four-leaf plants with 0.56, 1.12, and 2.24 kg/ha of 2,4-D immediately before foliar application of 14C-2,4-D. The increase in pretreatment rates decreased the percentage of the applied radioactivity which was absorbed and translocated. Of the radioactivity absorbed, a rather constant percentage translocated from the treated area in the different treatments. The radioactivity translocated from the application site for at least 288 hr after treatment. Less than 19% of the 14C-2,4-D applied was absorbed into the leaves 24 hr after application. Ninety-eight to 100% of the methanol-soluble radioactivity that translocated to developing leaves, rhizomes, and roots chromatographed identically to 14C-2,4-D.

Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) Control in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Competitive Nature

Field studies were conducted from 1986 through 1988 to evaluate various herbicides for yellow nutsedge control and peanut yields. Three applications of pyridate provided control comparable to two applications of bentazon with yellow nutsedge regrowth beginning 3 to 4 wk after application depending on moisture conditions. Crop oil concentrate did not improve the activity of pyridate. Flurtamone provided control comparable with that of metolachlor. Nutsedge control with fomesafen was erratic with peanut injury noted. Peanut yields did not reflect the competitive nature of nutsedge.

scholarly journals KEBERHASILAN PERTUMBUHAN STEK PUCUK MINDI BESAR (Melia dubia Cavanilles) TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN MEDIA DAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH Successfully Growth of Shoot Cutting Mindi Besar (Melia dubia Cavanilles) on Media and Growth Regulator

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Liza Nurul Hayati ◽  
Nurheni Wijayanto ◽  
Yulianti .
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
Containment Model ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Melia Dubia ◽  
Secondary Roots

Mindi besar (Melia dubia Cavanilles) is one of fast growing tree species from family Meliaceae which growing in tropical evergreen forests. The aim of this study was to determine the best combination of medium and growth regulator for vegetative propagation of mindi besar trees. The completely randomized factorial design was used two factors; medium (M) there were two types of media; zeolite (M1) and soil + rice husk (2:1 v/v) medium (M2), the growth regulator (H) had three levels; control (H0), pure coconut water (H1), and Auksin sintetis (H3). The study was conducted at two locations, first at green house with rooting room KOFFCO System and second at seedbed with rooting room containment model (MS). The research at greenhouse using rooting room KOFFCO System showed that interaction of media with growth regulator had a very significant effect on the percentage of fresh cuttings and rooted cuttings and had a significant effect on the number of primary roots. The averages of percentage of fresh cuttings and rooting were 83.3% and 66.7% for M1H2 and 76% and 60% for M2H0. The M2H1 reached 2.9 number of primary roots. At the MS model, the medium factor had significantly different only the number of secondary roots (18.11). The growth regulator factors had significantly different on the percentage of rooted cutting (3.33%), root lenght (10.5 cm) and root dry weight (0.18 g).Key words: containment model, KOFFCO system, Rootone-F, zeolite.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Landscape Fabrics in Suppressing Growth of Weed Species

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Martin ◽  
Harry G. Ponder ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam
Keyword(s):  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge

Abstract Two tests were conducted to evaluate weed penetration up through landscape fabrics. The degree of weed suppression varied depending on the specific landscape fabric. No landscape fabric gave total suppression of weeds tested. Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.) and smallflower morningglory (Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Grisebach.) were inhibited by all landscape fabrics. Growth of pigweed (Aranthus sp.), bermudagrass (Cynodon datylon (L.) Persoon.), yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.), and johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense (L.) Persoon.) was suppressed by certain landscape fabrics.

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