Herbicide Evaluations for No-Till Soybean (Glycine max) Production in Corn (Zea mays) Residue

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell S. Moomaw ◽  
Alex R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Weed control in no-till soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Wells’] planted into shredded corn (Zea maysL.) residue was evaluated at Concord, NE, over a 3-yr period. Herbicide factors evaluated were time of herbicide application for no-till soybeans, efficacy of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] relative to paraquat (1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium ion) for control of emerged weeds, and the efficacy of alachlor [2-chloro-2’,6’-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide], metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide], oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide), and pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] for residual weed control. Combination residual and contact herbicide treatments were applied either as a preplant surface application or preemergence after no-till-planted soybeans. Removal of existing weed growth was not consistently better with the preplant surface application compared to later removal after soybean planting. Paraquat and glyphosate gave nearly equal control of emerged weeds. Addition of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] with paraquat in the tank mix did not improve weed control. Use of narrow, ripple coulters on the no-till planter resulted in minimal disturbance of the preplant surface herbicide so that additional preemergence herbicide at planting was seldom beneficial.

Early Application of Herbicides for No-Till Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Stubble

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail A. Wicks
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Early Application ◽  
No Till ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Research on the timing of herbicide application on no-till sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] planted into undisturbed winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) stubble was conducted at North Platte, NE, during 1980–1982. Applying some herbicides 41 and 25 days prior to planting sorghum maintained weed control, reduced sorghum injury, and increased sorghum yields when compared to application at planting. It was necessary to apply cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile} at 2.7 kg ai/ha 41 days prior to planting to avoid sorghum injury. Metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)acetamide] + 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 2.2 + 0.3 kg/ha reduced grass yields 97, 98, and 99%, while reduction with alachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] + 2,4-D at 2.8 + 0.3 kg/ha was 93, 41, and 63%, respectively, when herbicides were applied 0, 25, and 41 days prior to planting.

Preplant Weed Control in a Ridge-Till Soybean (Glycine max) and Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Rotation

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Regehr ◽  
Keith A. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dry Down ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Research in Kansas from 1983 to 1986 evaluated early preplant (30 to 45 days) and late preplant (10 to 14 days) herbicide treatments for weed control before ridge-till planting in a soybean and sorghum rotation. Control of fall panicum and common lambsquarters at planting time averaged at least 95% for all early preplant and 92% for late preplant treatments. Where no preplant treatment was used, heavy weed growth in spring delayed soil dry-down, which resulted in poor ridge-till planting conditions and reduced plant stands, and ultimately reduced sorghum grain yields by 24% and soybean yields by 12%. Horsenettle population declined significantly, and honeyvine milkweed population increased. Smooth groundcherry populations fluctuated from year to year with no overall change.

Weed Control from Imazaquin and Metolachlor in No-till Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Buhler ◽  
Virginia L. Werling
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
No Till ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

In 1985, when weed densities were low (169 plants/m2in untreated control), imazaquin applied at 0.07 kg ai/ha early preplant controlled over 90% of all weeds before no-till planting of soybeans. In 1986 and 1987 when weed densities were higher (589 plants/m2in untreated control), addition of 1.1 kg ai/ha or more of metolachlor to imazaquin (0.07 kg/ha) before soybean planting controlled 95% or more of the grass weeds and 83% or more of the broadleaf weeds. Imazaquin plus metolachlor applied less than 1 day after soybean planting controlled less than 70% of the emerged weeds in 1986 and 1987; common lambsquarters was most tolerant. Early preplant treatments controlled more weeds throughout the growing season than treatments applied after planting. Splitting herbicide treatments among application times generally did not increase weed control compared to single applications. Early preplant applications resulted in higher soybean densities and taller soybeans 30 days after planting in 1986 and 1987 than treatments applied after planting. Soybean yields increased as weed control increased. Weed control and soybean yields were greater with early preplant treatments than paraquat plus alachlor plus metribuzin applied preemergence in 1986 and 1987. No carryover of imazaquin residue was detected through corn bioassay in the field.

Weed control with reduced rates of imazaquin and imazethapyr in no-till narrow-row soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
William G. Johnson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Dilbeck ◽  
Michael S. DeFelice ◽  
J. Andrew Kendig
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Crop Response ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Narrow Row

Field studies were conducted at three locations in 1993 and 1994 to evaluate weed control and crop response to metolachlor plus combinations of 0.5 × and 1 × label rates of imazaquin applied preplant and imazethapyr applied early postemergence or postemergence in no-till narrow-row soybean production. Giant foxtail, common ragweed, common cocklebur, and large crabgrass population reductions were greater with sequential preplant metolachlor plus imazaquin followed by early postemergence or postemergence imazethapyr than with preplant metolachlor plus imazaquin or early postemergence/postemergence imazethapyr alone. Ivyleaf morningglory was not effectively controlled by any herbicide program. Pennsylvania smartweed populations were reduced with all herbicide treatments. Soybean yields with treatments utilizing 0.5 × rates were usually equal to 1 × rates if imazethapyr was applied early postemergence or postemergence. Net income with reduced herbicide rates was equal to full-label rates and provided no greater risk to net income.

Effect of Lanolin or Lanolin + Starch Rings on Absorption and Translocation of 2,4-D or Glyphosate in Hemp Dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Schultz ◽  
O. C. Burnside
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Lanolin or lanolin + corn (Zea maysL.) starch rings are often used as barriers on leaves to prevent runoff of foliarly applied14C-herbicide treatments. A preliminary experiment showed that 64 and 90% of the applied 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] and 57 and 87% of the applied glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] was adsorbed to or absorbed into a lanolin and lanolin + starch ring, respectively, during 6 days on a glass slide. Absorption and translocation of 2,4-D in hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinumL.) was decreased from 26% down to 16 or 17% of the total applied when a lanolin or lanolin + starch ring was used. Glyphosate absorption and translocation increased with the lanolin ring but not with the lanolin + starch ring. Distribution of the translocated 2,4-D and glyphosate was also altered by use of the ring barriers. Results indicate that one should avoid use of the lanolin ring in14C-herbicide absorption studies to simulate field conditions.

Interrelations of Tillage and Weed Control for Soybean (Glycine max) Production

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Webber ◽  
Harold D. Kerr ◽  
Maurice R. Gebhardt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Soybean Plants

A 3-yr (1982, 1983, and 1984) study was conducted to determine the relationship between tillage and six weed control treatments for soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams 79′] production on silt loam (Udollic and Mollic Ochraqualfs). Conventional tillage consisted of spring moldboard plowing and secondary tillage with a combination tool just before planting. No-tillage consisted of a foliar application of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] at the time of planting. Weed control treatments included combinations of no weed control with and without soybean plants, preemergence herbicide application only, postemergence herbicide application only, and combined preemergence and postemergence applications with and without additional handweeding. In 1982, a year of above-normal seasonal rainfall, conventional tillage had significantly greater soybean grain yields than no-tillage for all weed control treatments except the preemergence-only treatment. Yields within tillage systems and between weed control treatments in 1982 were not significantly different because adequate rainfall reduced the effect of weed competition for soil moisture. Soybean seed yields in 1983 and 1984 in no-tillage were equal to or significantly greater than those of conventional tillage. No-tillage treatments had greater soil moisture conservation and soil moisture availability resulting in less plant water stress during podfilling in periods of drought in 1983 and 1984. In all 3 yr, conventional tillage had significantly greater early weed growth than no-tillage in the treatments with and without soybean plants where no preemergence or postemergence herbicides were used. Comparing treatments with and without soybean plants indicated an average increase of 36 and 38% weed control for no-tillage and conventional tillage, respectively.

Seedbed Tillage and Herbicide Influence on Soybean (Glycine max) Weed Control and Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kapusta
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Setaria Faberi ◽  
No Till ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Tillage Method ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

Twenty herbicide treatments were evaluated on conventional-till (plow, disc, and harrow), minimum-till (disc only), and no-till planted soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] from 1976 through 1978 at the Belleville Research Center in St. Clair County, Illinois. The soil type was a Weir silt loam (Typic Ochraqualf) characterized by poor internal drainage and 1.2% organic matter. Weed population by species, weed control, and soybean population, injury, and yield were obtained. Fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorumMichx.) and giant foxtail (Setaria faberiHerrm.) were the dominant species in all tillage systems, exceeding 1 million plants/ha in the conventional and no-till plots. These species and ivyleaf morningglory [Ipomoea hederacea(L.) Jacq.] were the most difficult to control each year. Weed control was the poorest in the no-till plots because of the large size of the weeds at the time of herbicide application, insufficient rainfall following, and because the plots were not cultivated. The soybean population was equal in all tillage systems except in 1976 when the no-till population exceeded that in the other tillage systems. Treatments that included oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) caused 42 and 35% soybean injury in the 1976 minimum and no-till plots, respectively. Postemergence-applied naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) plus dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) caused leaf burn each year that ranged from 5 to 35% but all plants recovered within several weeks of application. The seedbed tillage method and herbicide treatments did not significantly affect soybean yields in 1976 when all the herbicides were effective. No-till yields in 1977 and 1978 were substantially lower than yields in conventional and minimum-till plots because of poor weed control. Soybean yields were 2506, 2466, and 1714 kg/ha in the conventional-till, minimum-till, and no-till plots, respectively, when averaged over the 3 yr and 20 herbicide treatments.

Biological Control of Northern Jointvetch (Aeschynomene virginica) in Rice (Oryza sativa) and Soybeans (Glycine max) — a Researcher's View

Weed Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Propanoic Acid ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
The U.S

Weed control strategies for rice (Oryza sativaL.) and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] emphasize integration of cultural and chemical practices (16, 30, 31). Numerous herbicides are registered and used as preplant, preemergence, or post-emergence applications for control of weeds in rice and soybean (3, 16, 25). Although these herbicide treatments control most of the problem weeds in rice and soybean, most fail to control northern jointvetch [Aeschynomene virginica(L.) B.S.P. # AESVI] in either crop. The two most effective herbicides, 2,4,5-T [2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] and silvex [2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy) propanoic acid], for control of northern jointvetch in rice have been under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Rebuttal Presumption Against Registration (RPAR) process which may ultimately cancel the use of both herbicides in rice (50). New, effective control strategies are needed for control of northern jointvetch in rice and soybean.

Control of Green Sagewort in the Nebraska Sandhills

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-469
Author(s):  
L. A. Morrow ◽  
M. K. McCarty
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Nebraska Sandhills ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Artemisia Campestris ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Plots were established in 1970 in the Nebraska Sandhills for the control of green sagewort (Artemisia campestris L.). Herbicides were applied in 1970; 1970 and 1971; 1970, 1971, and 1972; and 1970 and 1972. Nitrogen fertilizer at 45 kg/ha was applied in 1973. Herbicide treatments included 2,4-D amine [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], 2,4-D ester, 2,4,5-T [(2,4-5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], silvex [2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid], and mixtures of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) or dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) and 2,4-D amine. Herbicides were most effective for the control of broadleaf weeds when they were applied in 3 consecutive years or in alternate years. Herbicides applied only once did not effectively control broadleaf weeds. When nitrogen was applied after weed control treatments, weed production increased if herbicide applications were not effective. If weed control treatments were effective, nitrogen did not affect weed production.

Weed Control in a Low-Till Oat (Avena sativa) - Soybean (Glycine max) Rotation

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 853-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orvin C. Burnside ◽  
David R. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Fallow Period ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

Early-preplant herbicide application for uncultivated production of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Williams’] slot-seeded into untilled oat (Avena sativaL. 'Stout’) stubble was studied. Foliar- and soil-active herbicides were applied to stubble of recently harvested oats to control weeds without tillage so that soil moisture could accumulate during the fallow period. The following spring, five herbicide treatments were applied 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks prior to soybean planting as well as preemergence to control weeds selectively in uncultivated soybeans. Broadleaf weeds were more effectively controlled than grass weeds, but both were controlled adequately with several herbicide combinations and at all five application times. Selective control of weeds was sufficient to eliminate yield loss of uncultivated soybeans seeded into untilled oat stubble. This production method could provide the Great Plains soybean producer with an effective weed control system while conserving soil, soil moisture, labor, and fuel.

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