scholarly journals XVIII.—On Torsional Oscillations of Wires

1897 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-630
Author(s):  
W. Peddie
Keyword(s):  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Philosophical Magazine ◽  
Torsional Oscillations ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Law ◽  
Image Position

About two years ago I communicated to this Society a paper on the above subject, which was printed in the Philosophical Magazine (1894). The object of the investigations therein discussed was the determination of the law of decrease of torsional oscillations when the range of oscillation was large in comparison with the palpable limits of elasticity. An equation of the formwhere y represents the range of oscillation, and x represents the number of oscillations which have taken place since the commencement of the observations in any one experiment, was found to give an exceedingly close representation of the results. The values of the quantities n, a, and b depend on the magnitude of the initial oscillation, and on the previous treatment of the wire. It was also found that, when the oscillations were allowed to die away to a sufficient extent, the value of n tended to diminish. The oscillations were practically isochronous.

XXVII.—The Dissipation of Energy in Torsionally Oscillating Wires of Brass and. other Materials, with the Effects produced on the Law of Torsional Oscillation by Change of Temperature, etc

1912 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 424-439
Author(s):  
J. B. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Torsional Oscillation ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Torsional Oscillations ◽  
Iron Wire ◽  
Dissipation Of Energy ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Law

In the determination of the law of decrease of torsional oscillations of an iron wire, when the range of oscillation is large in comparison with the palpable limits of elasticity, an equation of the formyn (x + a)= bhas been shown by Dr Peddie (Phil. Mag., July 1894) to give close representation of results where—y = the range of oscillation.x = the number of oscillations since the commencement of observations.n, a, b = quantities, constant for any one experiment, depending on the initial conditions of the experiment and the previous treatment of the wire.

XVII.—On a Fuller Test of the Law of Torsional Oscillation

1914 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
James B. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Torsional Oscillation ◽  
Torsional Oscillations ◽  
The Law ◽  
Image Position

It has been shown in a former paper that an equation of the formcan be applied to give close representation of results in the determination of the law of decrease of torsional oscillations of wires of different materials, when the range of oscillation is large in comparison with the palpable limits of elasticity.

scholarly journals XIV.—On Torsional Oscillations of Wires

1900 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-455
Author(s):  
W. Peddie
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Magazine ◽  
Torsional Oscillations ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Wire ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position

This paper is in continuation of two others, on the same subject, previously communicated to the Society. In the First Paper (Philosophical Magazine, July 1894) it was shown that the formulawhere n, a, and b are constants in any one experiment, represents with accuracy the relation between y, the range of oscillation, and x, the number of oscillations which have taken place since torsion was first applied and the wire was left to itself, so that the oscillations gradually diminished. The apparatus employed, and the method of observation used, were identical with those described in the Second Paper above referred to. The wire which was experimented upon was the same as that used on the previous occasions. Its length, as given in the First and Second Papers, was 89·1 cm. A measurement made on the date 19.10.1897, in the course of the last series of experiments described in the present paper, showed that the length had become 89*3 cm. This increase was doubtless due to the fact that the heavy lead oscillator had been left attached to the wire during the whole of the intervening period. On the date given, it was also found that, with the same oscillator as was used in the experiments first described, ten oscillations were performed in 81 seconds, when the range was large, while 79 seconds were occupied when the range was small. This observation verified the result stated in the First Paper, that the period slightly increases as the range increases. It also showed that the wire was practically in the same condition as it was at first, in so far as elastic qualities are concerned; for the corresponding periods were only slightly less in earlier experiments, the difference being largely accounted for by the slight increase of length of the wire.

XVIII.—On a Continued Investigation of the Application of the Law of Torsional Oscillation to Various Metals and Alloys

1914 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 183-193
Author(s):  
James B. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Torsional Oscillation ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Torsional Oscillations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law

This paper is a continuation of one already submitted to the Society, and published in their Proceedings.It showed that an equation of the form yn(x + a) = b could be applied to give close representation of results in the determination of the law of decrease of torsional oscillations of wires of different materials. This empirical equation, in which y represented the range of oscillation, x the number of oscillations since the commencement of observations, and n, a, and b constants for any one experiment, their numerical values depending upon the initial conditions of the wire and its subsequent treatment, was found to hold over a large range of oscillation for wires of many metals, and the present paper gives an account of further work on the subject.

Pembagian Harta Waris dalam Tradisi Masyarakat Muslim di Gorontalo

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
Hamid Pongoliu
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Sharia Law ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law

Gorontalo has a customary principle derived from sharia law, and the sharia law is sourced from the Qur'an, hadith, ijmak and qiyas (adati-hula'a to syara'a, syara'a hula'a to Kitabi), which should reflect the existence of the implementation of the distribution of inheritance in Islam in the Gorontalo community. This customary principle can be a source of law if it is a rational act, not immorality, done always repeatedly, does not bring harm and does not conflict with the law of sharak. But in reality there is the implementation of inheritance that violates Islamic law, namely the distribution by way of deliberation, the determination of the amount of heirs equally, the delay in the distribution of inheritance, wills with houses given to girls, wills not to distribute inheritance, distribution of assets it depends on the will of the heir and the delay in the distribution of inheritance on the grounds that one of the parents is still alive. The distribution by deliberation and determination of the amount of the portion for each heir are equally acceptable as long as they follow the guidelines of the Compilation of Islamic Law article 183 and the concept of takharruj which was previously preceded by the Shari'a division. After the heirs know the size of the portion, then they may agree to share it in their own way or leave the inheritance according to Shari'a and agree to give to each other with other heirs.

The Dudley Lee Case: A new approach to factual causation and its implications for transformative jurisprudence

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-289
Author(s):  
Anmari Meerkotter
Keyword(s):  
Case Note ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
New Approach ◽  
State Accountability ◽  
The Law ◽  
Transformative Impact ◽  
Constitutional Jurisprudence ◽  
Law Of Delict

The Constitutional Court (CC) judgment of Lee v Minister of Correction Services 2013 2SA 144 (CC) is a recent contribution to transformative constitutional jurisprudence in the field of the law of delict. This matter turned on the issue of factual causation in the context of wrongful and negligent systemic omissions by the state. In this case note, I explore the law relating to this element of delictual liability with specific regard to the traditional test for factual causation – the conditio sine qua non (‘but-for’) test. In particular, I note the problems occasioned by formalistic adherence to this test in the context of systemic state omissions as evidenced by the SCA judgment in the same matter. I also consider the manner in which English courts have addressed this problem. Thereafter, I analyse the CC’s broader approach to the determination of factual causation as one based on common sense and justice. I argue that this approach endorses a break from a formalistic application of the test and constitutes a step towards an approach which resonates with the foundational constitutional values of freedom, dignity and equality. Furthermore, it presents an appropriate solution to the problems associated with factual causation where systemic omissions are concerned. I then consider the transformative impact of the Lee judgment. In particular, I argue that the broader enquiry favoured by the CC facilitates the realisation of constitutionally guaranteed state accountability, and amounts to an extension of the existing norm of accountability jurisprudence. Hence, I contend that the judgment presents a further effort by the Constitutional Court to effect wholesale the constitutionalisation of the law of delict, as well as a vindicatory tool to be used by litigants who have been adversely affected by systemic state omissions.

The Comparative Study of Equisetum pratense, E. sylvaticum, E. telmateia: Accumulation of Silicon, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Screening

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 2519-2523
Author(s):  
Denisa Batir Marin ◽  
Oana Cioanca ◽  
Mihai Apostu ◽  
Cristina Gabriela Tuchilus ◽  
Cornelia Mircea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Quantitative Chemical Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
The Comparative Study

The objective of the current study is represented by the determination of silica and a phytochemical screening of phenolic derivates of some Equisetum species. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity for Equisetum pratense Ehrh.,, Equisetum sylvaticum L. and Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. (sin. Equisetum maximum Lam.) were also investigated. The concentration of silicon (Si) in plants was determined by the spectrophotometric method using previous treatment with NaOH 50% both for the stem and the nodal branches [1]. Results obtained varied from 95.12 to 162.10 SiO2 mg/g dry plant which represents 4.44% to 7.58% Si/100g dry sample. Two types of total extracts were obtained using different solvents and were subjected to qualitative and quantitative chemical analysis considering total phenolic content [2]. The highest concentration of investigated compounds was found in the methanolic extract, E. sylvaticum, 196.5mg/g dry sample. Antioxidant activity was monitored spectrophotometrically and expressed in terms of IC50 (�g/mL) [3]. Values gathered ranged from 261.7 to 429.5 �g/mL. The highest capacity to neutralized DPPH radicals was found in E. sylvaticum. In vitro antimicrobial activity was determined using difusimetric method [4]. Testing was performed on four microorganisms: three strains of bacteria and one species of fungi. Different effects were noticed against the bacteria, furthermore the methanol extract appeared to be most efficient. All extracts showed significand antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Candida albicans (ATCC 90028) and weak to no activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922).

Practical Application

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kubo Mačák
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Temporal Perspective ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
Geographical Scope

This chapter analyses the practical application of the law of belligerent occupation in internationalized armed conflicts in its temporal, geographical, and personal dimensions. Firstly, from a temporal perspective, the law is shown to apply once one of the conflict parties consolidates its control over the enemy territory and substitutes its own authority for that of the displaced enemy. Secondly, the chapter assesses the geographical scope of the applicable law and draws specific guidelines for the determination of the territory subject to the law of occupation in various types of internationalized armed conflicts. Thirdly, the chapter endorses the allegiance-based approach to the designation of protected persons under the law of occupation and applies it to the reality of internationalized armed conflict. Overall, the chapter presents a workable toolkit for the application of the law of occupation to internationalized armed conflicts.

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