Pembagian Harta Waris dalam Tradisi Masyarakat Muslim di Gorontalo

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
Hamid Pongoliu
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Sharia Law ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law

Gorontalo has a customary principle derived from sharia law, and the sharia law is sourced from the Qur'an, hadith, ijmak and qiyas (adati-hula'a to syara'a, syara'a hula'a to Kitabi), which should reflect the existence of the implementation of the distribution of inheritance in Islam in the Gorontalo community. This customary principle can be a source of law if it is a rational act, not immorality, done always repeatedly, does not bring harm and does not conflict with the law of sharak. But in reality there is the implementation of inheritance that violates Islamic law, namely the distribution by way of deliberation, the determination of the amount of heirs equally, the delay in the distribution of inheritance, wills with houses given to girls, wills not to distribute inheritance, distribution of assets it depends on the will of the heir and the delay in the distribution of inheritance on the grounds that one of the parents is still alive. The distribution by deliberation and determination of the amount of the portion for each heir are equally acceptable as long as they follow the guidelines of the Compilation of Islamic Law article 183 and the concept of takharruj which was previously preceded by the Shari'a division. After the heirs know the size of the portion, then they may agree to share it in their own way or leave the inheritance according to Shari'a and agree to give to each other with other heirs.

scholarly journals Implementasi Ta’arudul Al ‘Am Wal Khas Menurut Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Syafi’i dalam Hukum Islam

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-66
Author(s):  
St. Halimang
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law

The discursus about Islamic law about continuing to see the importance of Al-Ta'ārud occurred because of the inadedience of the mujtaid knowing the will of as-Shari' in knowing the nature of nașș. There is no indeed contradiction in nașș because it means al-ta'ārud weakness, whereas Allah almighty is an omnilime substance and far from the nature of opposition, in addition that the owner of the law is only one god almighty, so there can be no contradiction. If there is, then the opposition is not an insanity opposition. When they came across two contradictory arguments, all the scholars agreed that it was not an insanity opposition. However, if the hel occurs, then it is mandatory for the law to be discussed and sought a solution. In terms of completing al-ta'ārud al-'ām wa al-khāș the scholars of the Hanafi and Shafi'i sects offer many methods or solutions sequentially.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DAN PEMBARUAN HUKUM ISLAM PERSPEKTIF SADD AL-DZARI’AH

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Gibtiah Gibtiah ◽  
Yusida Fitriati
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Method Of Determination ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
The Law

<p>Abstract: Social life is one of human nature that has innate.<br />One characteristic of social life is the constant change in the<br />community. There is no society ever stop at a certain point of all<br />time, but constantly changing and moving forward. Changes<br />that occur sooner or later be able to change the joints staple of<br />people's lives. This paper explores social change and renewal of<br />Islamic law by using the method of determination of the law<br />“sadd al dzari’ah”.</p><p><br />ملخص: الحیاة الاجتماعیة ھي واحدة من طبیعة الإنسان الذي لدیھ الفطریة . واحدة<br />من سمات الحیاة الاجتماعیة ھي التغییر المستمر في المجتمع. لا یوجد أي مجتمع<br />تتوقف أبدا عند نقطة معینة في كل العصور، ولكن تتغیر باستمرار، و تتحرك إلى الأمام<br />. التغیرات التي تحدث عاجلا أو آجلا تكون قادرة على تغییر الأساسیة مفاصل حیاة<br />الناس. وتبحث ھذه الورقة التغییر الاجتماعي والتجدید في الشریعة الإسلامیة باستخدام<br />طریقة تحدید القانون.</p><p>Kata kunci : metode penggalian hukum, sadd al-dzari’ah</p>

scholarly journals PRINSIP KEADILAN DAN KESEIMBANGAN DALAM PENENTUAN NILAI TUKAR BARANG (HARGA) PERSPEKTIF ISLAM DAN HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iffaty Nasyiah
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Production Values ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Exchange Rate ◽  
The Right

The Law No. 8 of 1999 about Consumer Protection Article 4 letter b said that one of consumer rights, namely the right to select and obtain goods in accordance with the exchange rate. Not found in authentic explanation regarding this exchange rate, if the exchange rate is the exchange rate that is in accordance with the agreement between the seller and the buyer, or in accordance with the production values or the exchange rate that corresponds to the price market, this then raises the question of free interpretation among the businessmen that the exchange rate is determined only by the desire of businessmen and weighing of benefits desired by businesses alone, so that entrepreneurs are allowed to set the exchange rate goods many times from the value of its production. In Islamic law is not found the rules regarding the determination of the limits of this exchange rate, but Islam is a tolerant religion, including in determining the exchange rate as the words of the Prophet Muhammad: "May Allah have mercy to a tolerant person (easy) when it sells, tolerant when buying, tolerant when fulfilling the obligation and tolerant when claiming its rights”. (HR. Bukhari from Jabir)

scholarly journals HERMENEUTIKA HUKUM ISLAM KHALEED ABOU EL FADL: Sebuah Tawaran Dalam Membendung Otoritarianisme Fatwa MUI

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzayyin Muzayyin
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Global Era ◽  
Authoritative Text ◽  
The Will ◽  
Islamic Society ◽  
Legal Opinion

Abstrak.One of the great thinkers in the contemporary era is Khaleed Abou El Fadl, a prominent public intellectual on Islamic law. Through his works, Speaking in The God’s Name: Islamic Law, Authority, and Woman, Abou El Fadl offers a frame of new methodology in the study of Islamic law by using a hermeneutics approach. Abou El-Fadl’s hermeneutics can be called the negotiated hermeneutics because the core of  his hermeneutics analysis is to negotiate the role of the text (al-Qur’an, hadits, and fatwa), author (Mufti, special agent), and reader (Islamic society, common agent) in determining the meaning of authoritative text. These three parties should be a balancing and negotiating progress in which that one party ought not to dominate the determination of meaning. Abou El Fadl’s hermeneutics theory embraces the idea of autonomous and open texts. Therefore, the interpretation of the text does not always focus on efforts to locate the author’s desired intent. Hence, He further argues that integrity of text being damaged, not dynamic, and be unable to perform  its functions in responding the challenges and demand of the global era due to the authoritarianism, or interpretative despotism by way of locking the will of the divine behind the text, its interpretation, or fatwa based on certain ideology as performed by those Mufti who speak in God’s name. in short, From above description emphasis the significance of Abou El Fadl’s hermeneutics in contemporary Islamic law studies is to stem the authoritarianism that has become  a common phenomenon in the contemporary era. This paper  using the critical-analysis of method to examines or look at critically Mufti in making various judicial decision and legal opinion (fatwa) in case of Permanent Council for Specific Research And Legal Opinion (CRLO)in Egypt and Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) in Indonesia that assessedreapmuchcontroversy and even rejections from part of Muslim community.Keywords:Islamic law, hermeneutics, authoritarianism, legal opinion, MUI Abstrak .Salah satu pemikir besar di era kontemporer adalah Khaleed Abou El Fadl , seorang intelektual publik terkemuka tentang hukum Islam. Melalui karyanya ,Speaking in The God’s Name: Islamic Law, Authority, and Woman, Abou El Fadl menawarkan kerangka metodologi baru dalam studi hukum Islam dengan menggunakan pendekatan hermeneutika . Hermeneutika Abou El Fadl disebut hermeneutika negosiasi karena inti dari analisis hermeneutikanya adalah menegosiasikan peran teks ( al-Qur'an , hadits , dan fatwa ), pengarang ( Mufti ,agen khusus), dan pembaca (masyarakat Islam,agen umum) dalam menentukan makna teks otoritatif .Ketiga pihak harus seimbang dan bernegosiasi di mana salah satu pihak tidak seharusnya mendominasi penentuan makna.Teori hermeneutika Abou El Fadl yang mencakup gagasan teks otonom dan terbuka sehingga penafsiran teks tidak selalu fokus pada upaya untuk mencari maksud penulis yang diinginkan . Oleh karena itu, Abou El-Fadl menyatakan bahwa integritas teks menjadi rusak, tidak dinamis , dan tidak dapat menjalankan fungsinya dalam merespon tantangan dan tuntutan era global karena otoritarianisme , atau penafsiran despotic dengan cara mengunci kehendak Tuhan di belakang teks, interpretasi, atau fatwa berdasarkan ideologi tertentu seperti yang dilakukan oleh mereka para Mufti yang mengatas namakan dirinya sebagai pembicara atas nama Tuhan. Singkatnya , dari uraian di atas pentingnya hermeneutika Abou El Fadl dalam studi hukum Islam kontemporer adalah untuk membendung otoritarianisme yang telah menjadi fenomena umum di era kontemporer. Makalah ini menggunakan metode kritis-analisis untuk menguji atau melihat secara kritis seorang Mufti dalam membuat berbagai keputusan hukum atau fatwa dalam kasus Indonesian Council of Ulama( MUI ) di Indonesia yang dinilai menuai banyak kontroversi dan bahkan beberapa penolakan dari sebagian masyarakat Muslim Kontemporer .Kata kunci :hermeneutika, hokum Islam, otoritarianisme, fatwa , MUI

scholarly journals EKSISTENSI QAUL AL-SHAHABI SEBAGAI DALIL SYAR’I

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Abdul Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Law

The source of Islamic law is the main foundation a mujtahid for exploring Islamic law for existing arguments, both agreed ptopositions or disputed. Qaul Shahabi is one of the syar’i arguments wich became a discussion of scholars about the success in the determination of the law. Study of Qaul Shahabi become one of the interesting themes among experts ushul fiqh, even though they put it in the position of the disputed argument. However, the majority of scholars use Qaul Shahabi as a backrest in deciding the case of islamic law, especially events that are not partially explained in the Alquran and Hadis. Debate among these scholars only limited to which friends can be used as a basis and reference, but that does not prevent them from making Qaul Shahabiy a shar'i proposition

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN ANAK PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN PERUNDANG-UNDANG

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
Nurlaila Harun
Keyword(s):  
Child Care ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Court Decision ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law ◽  
Religious Courts

Abstract. Children are children, and not little adults. Thus, the treatment of children whether involved in criminal acts or those experiencing social problems must be addressed for the welfare of children. The need for children adoption within Indonesian Islamic community will also be increasingly important for those who need it, in order to obtain legal certainty in which can be obtained by a court decision including the decision of the Religious Court. The marriage law and religious justice law have regulated in detail about child care and guardianship which are compiled in a compilation of Islamic law. The Law on Religious Courts explicitly states that the Religious Courts are a court for Muslims regarding cases or matters that are in its authorities. Muslims in this case are not only adults but also children. Unfortunately, the issue of children protection is not referred explicitly in the authorities of the Religious Courts. However, to serve and to fulfill the legal needs of Muslims regarding to child care, the Religious Courts, at the request of someone who adopts a child based on Islamic law, may issue a decision on adoption in terms of the child concerned as a proof of completion of the will must be regulated in the Compilation of Islamic law of Religious Courts. Consequently, the rights and obligations of parents who have adopted children with Islamic law have special characteristics that are different from the rights and obligations of parents who have adopted children without Islamic law. Abstrak. Anak-anak adalah anak-anak, dan bukan orang dewasa kecil. Dengan demikian, perlakuan terhadap anak-anak apakah terlibat dalam tindakan kriminal atau mereka yang mengalami masalah sosial harus ditangani untuk kesejahteraan anak-anak. Kebutuhan adopsi anak dalam komunitas Islam Indonesia juga akan semakin penting bagi mereka yang membutuhkannya, untuk mendapatkan kepastian hukum yang dapat diperoleh melalui keputusan pengadilan termasuk keputusan Pengadilan Agama. Hukum perkawinan dan hukum keadilan agama telah mengatur secara rinci tentang pengasuhan anak dan perwalian yang disusun dalam kompilasi hukum Islam. Undang-Undang tentang Pengadilan Agama secara eksplisit menyatakan bahwa Pengadilan Agama adalah pengadilan bagi umat Islam tentang kasus atau hal-hal yang ada dalam otoritasnya. Muslim dalam hal ini tidak hanya orang dewasa tetapi juga anak-anak. Sayangnya, masalah perlindungan anak tidak dirujuk secara eksplisit dalam otoritas Pengadilan Agama. Namun, untuk melayani dan memenuhi kebutuhan hukum umat Islam terkait perawatan anak, Pengadilan Agama, atas permintaan seseorang yang mengadopsi anak berdasarkan hukum Islam, dapat mengeluarkan keputusan tentang adopsi dalam hal anak yang bersangkutan sebagai bukti penyelesaian kehendak harus diatur dalam Kompilasi hukum Islam Pengadilan Agama. Akibatnya, hak dan kewajiban orang tua yang mengadopsi anak dengan hukum Islam memiliki karakteristik khusus yang berbeda dengan hak dan kewajiban orangtua yang mengadopsi anak tanpa hukum Islam. 

scholarly journals Analisis Perbandingan Fatwa Malaysia dan Indonesia: Kajian Terhadap Isu-Isu Halal yang Terpilih

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-32
Author(s):  
Norhidayah Pauzi ◽  
Saadan Man ◽  
Syed Mohd. Jeffri Syed Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Interview Methods ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference

In the determination of Islamic law, there are two main principles used namely 'al-thabit' and 'al-mutaghayyir'. With the principle of 'al-thabit' and 'al-mutaghayyir' proves that Islam is practiced at all times and circumstances as Islam accepts any changes or differences that occur in society as long as it does not violate the fundamental principles of Islam. The difference in fatwa decisions issued between Malaysia and Indonesia has caused polemic among Muslims. Hence, this article will analyze the fatwas that have been decided between Malaysia and Indonesia on certain selected halal issues. Methods of documentation and interview methods have been used to obtain authentic and authoritative data. The findings show that Malaysia is still bound by the practice of Syafii Madhhab in determining the law on halal products. In contrast to Indonesia that is open to accepting views other than the Shafii Madhhab in determining the law besides taking different uruf and maslahah in both countries. Keywords: fatwa, halal, halal standard, cross-contamination. ABSTRAK: Dalam penentuan hukum Islam, terdapat dua prinsip utama yang digunakan iaitu ‘al-thabit’ dan ‘al-mutaghayyir’. Dengan adanya prinsip ‘al-thabit’ dan ‘al-mutaghayyir’ membuktikan Islam sesuai dipraktikkan pada setiap masa dan keadaan kerana Islam menerima sebarang perubahan atau perbezaan yang berlaku dalam masyarakat selagi mana ia tidak melanggar prinsip-prinsip asas Islam. Perbezaan keputusan fatwa yang dikeluarkan di antara Malaysia dan Indonesia telah menimbulkan polemik dalam kalangan masyarakat Islam. Justeru, artikel ini akan menganalisis secara perbandingan fatwa yang telah diputuskan di antara Malaysia dan Indonesia terhadap beberapa isu halal yang terpilih. Metode dokumentasi dan metode temu bual telah digunakan untuk mendapatkan data-data yang sahih dan berautoriti. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan Malaysia masih terikat dengan pengamalan Mazhab Syafii dalam penentuan hukum terhadap produk halal. Berbeda dengan Indonesia yang terbuka dalam menerima pandangan selain Mazhab Shafii dalam menentukan hukum disamping pengambilan uruf dan maslahah yang berbeza di kedua-dua buah negara ini. Kata Kunci: fatwa, halal, piawaian halal, kontaminasi silang.

scholarly journals Urgensi Pemikiran Syams Al-Aimmah Al-Syarakhsi Tentang Al-Istihsan dalam Menjawab Problematika Hukum dalam Masyarakat

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-354
Author(s):  
Syawaluddin Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Data Collection Methods ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Law ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract This research try to raise the perspective of Islamic law answering the problems in society by using the Al-Istihsan method of Syams Al-Aimmah Al-Syarakhsi. The complexity of the existing regulations has not been able to answer the problems in society, so we need a way to find the law. This research is a qualitative research with a conceptual approach with data collection methods obtained through the work of Syams Al-Aimmah Al-Syarakhsi and literature that discusses about Istihsan. The results of this study found that; First, Istihsan can be used as a argument for syariah because istihsan does not stipulate law with analogy, istihsan is a method of legal istinbath that can be accounted for because it is based on a strong foundation (sanad); Second, after describing istihsan in ushul fiqih in the view of the Hanafi school, it can be said that in essence istihsan is one of the efforts of the mujtahid to find a way out of the power of general principles or qiyas to aparticular problem in order to find legal provisions that are more in accordance with The soul and spirit of the Shariah, because indeed the texts cannot be understood only in language but also understood by using the broad logic of making shari'a (Al-Mantiq Al-tasyri'i) which gives the mujtahid the opportunity to realize the will of Al Shariah. Keywords: Al-Syarakhsi, Istihsan, Law, Society.   Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengangkat perspektif hukum Islam dalam menjawab masalah-masalah yang muncul di tengah masyarakat dengan menggunakan pemikiran Syams Al-Aimmah Al-Syarakhsi tentang Al-Istihsan. Kompleksitas regulasi yang ada ternyata belum mampu menjawab problematika ditengah masyarakat sehingga dibutuhkan cara untuk menemukan hukumnya. Penilitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan konseptual dengan metode pengumpulan data yang diperoleh melalui karya Syams Al-Aimmah Al-Syarakhsi dan literatur yang membahas tentang Istihsan. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa; Pertama, Istihsan dapat di jadikan sebagai dalil syara’ karena istihsan itu bukan menetapkan hukum dengan ra’yi semata, istihsan itu merupakan suatu cara istinbath hukum yang dapat di pertanggung jawabkan karena di dasarkan kepada sandaran (sanad) yang kuat; Kedua, Setelah diuraikan istihsan dalam ushul fiqih dalam pandangan madzhab Hanafi maka dapat dikatakan bahwa pada hakikatnya istihsan itu merupakan salah satu upaya mujtahid untuk mencari jalan keluar dari kekuatan kaidah umum atau qiyas terhadap suatu masalah juz’i dalam rangka mencari ketentuan hukum yang lebih sesuai dengan jiwa dan ruh syari’at, karena memang nash tidak bisa di pahami hanya secara bahasa semata tetapi harus di pahami dengan menggunakan logika pembuatan syariat (Al-Mantiq Al-tasyri’i) yang luas yang memberikan kesempatan kepada mujtahid untuk merealisasikan kehendak Al syari’ semaksimal mungkin. Keywords: Al-Syarakhsi, Istihsan, Hukum, Masyarakat

scholarly journals Various Methods of Establishing Contemporary Islamic law

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Firdaus Firdaus ◽  
Ahmad Juneidi ◽  
Lola Astari ◽  
Firda Mustika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Sharia Law ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Law

The first source of Islamic law is al-Qur'an, after the new Al-Qur'an, the Hadith of the Prophet SAW. When searching for a law that not contained in the Al-Qur’an and al-Hadith, way to do is using ijtihad (raʻyu). This ijtihad is the mobilization of all the abilities of a fuqaha 'to find sharia law,' and the person who discovered it was named Mujtahid. The scholars in using this ra'yu issued many methods as a tool to install the law, such as: ijma 'which is the ahlul ilmi agreement on the law of an event with the condition that the scientists gather at the same time Qiyas, istihsan, istishab, 'urf. The purpose of this paper is to explain contemporary ijtihad methods that can be used to perform istinbath law. The discussion discussed in this paper is about the various ways of establishing modern Islamic law. The methodology used in this paper is the type of library (library research), namely by referring to books relating to fiqh and ushul fiqh. From the author's analysis that the methods used to establish Islamic law in the contemporary period are no different from the methods used previously, namely sourced from the Qur'an, Hadith, and ijtihad of the scholars who have mujtahid criteria.  

scholarly journals Batasan Kedewasaan dan Kecakapan Hukum Pewasiat Menurut Kompilasi Hukum Islam dan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sanawiah Sanawiah ◽  
Muhammad Zainul
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Will ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Legal Proof

Limitations of adulthood and lawfulness of the pewasiat both in terms of the position of limits and the ability of the pewasiat, the requirements of the pewasiat and the various limits of the age of the pewasiat according to different views and opinions among the Imam of the School in the determination of its law. The purpose of this study is to to assess the Limitations of adulthood and legal proficiency of pewasiat by Compilation of Islamic Law and Civil Code contained in the Compilation of Islamic Law Article 194 paragraph 1 and Book Civil Law Article 897. In Compilation of Islamic Law Article 194 paragraph 1 concerning the will specifies that the person who intends to reach the age of 21 full and sensible this is a requirement for mlekukan wills must reach the age that has been determined. The Civil Code states that in Article 897 it states that the person who intentions must reach the age of 18 full years, this is a condition of determination to perform the testament. Normative legal research methods analyze, related legislation presented through descriptive and deductive methods which are then analyzed to see the location of similarities and differences between the Compilation of Islamic Law and the Civil Code. The result of this research is the equation of Law Compilation of Compilation of Islamic Law and Civil Code which states the condition of the person having the will should be sensible, while in the determination of maturity 21 years based on article 330 Civil Code. As for the legal proof of Article 426 Civil Code aged 18 years.

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