Aerosol suspension feeding and current velocities: distributional controls for late Osagean crinoids

Paleobiology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Kammer ◽  
William I. Ausich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Suspension Feeding ◽  
East Central ◽  
Aerosol Filtration ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Species Abundance Data

Distributional patterns of late Osagean (Mississippian) crinoids from the east-central United States are examined using multivariate analysis of crinoid species diversity and species abundance data. We confirm previous hypotheses that three well-defined crinoid associations existed during the late Osagean. These associations were dominated, respectively, by 1) monobathrid camerates preserved in carbonate packstones; 2) poteriocrine inadunates in higher-energy siltstones and sandstones; and 3) disparid inadunates, cyathocrine inadunates, and flexibles in mudstones where neither monobathrids nor poteriocrines dominated. In conjunction with petrologic data on the enclosing sediments, the analyses suggest that these associations occurred along a spectrum of increasing current velocity at the seafloor. Camerates, poteriocrine inadunates, and flexibles are interpreted to display preferences for specific environmental conditions, whereas disparid and cyathocrine inadunates are inferred to be environmental generalists.The different environmental distributions of the major crinoid groups are interpreted to be a function of the mode or modes of aerosol filtration feeding used by each group. This inference is possible through functional morphologic and morphometric studies of crinoid arms, because the skeletal elements of the arms, which are commonly preserved, are directly involved in feeding.

scholarly journals Survival of Cercospora sojina on Soybean Leaf Debris in Illinois

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guirong Zhang ◽  
Carl A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southern Illinois ◽  
Cercospora Sojina ◽  
North Central ◽  
East Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Central Illinois

Historically, frogeye leaf spot (FLS, caused by Cercospora sojina) of soybean has been observed more frequently in the southern United States than the north-central United States. However, in recent years, FLS field observations have increased in the north-central United States. To better understand the survival rate of C. sojina in Illinois, a field study was conducted at three locations: Monmouth (west-central Illinois), Urbana (east-central Illinois), and Dixon Springs (southeastern Illinois). At each location, soybean leaves affected by FLS were placed at depths of 0, 10, and 20 cm and retrieved at different durations up to 24 months. To determine the viability of C. sojina in the collected leaves, a greenhouse bioassay was used. Survival of C. sojina declined equally with time at all three locations through 19 months. After 24 months, C. sojina from leaves that had been placed at Monmouth and Urbana were no longer viable, whereas leaves that had been placed at Dixon Springs produced viable inoculum. Depth of leaf placement had no effect on survival of C. sojina at any of the locations. These results suggest that planting a nonhost crop for two years in central Illinois will reduce levels of C. sojina inoculum to a negligible amount; however, soybean farmers in southern Illinois may need a longer rotation for FLS management. Accepted 10 May 2014. Published 23 July 2014.

Primitive cladid crinoids from upper Osagean-lower Meramecian (Mississippian) rocks of east-central United States

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 835-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Kammer ◽  
William I. Ausich
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
East Central ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
Senior Synonym ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Mississippian Rocks

Species of the late Osagean and early Meramecian primitive cladid crinoid generaAtelestocrinus, Barycrinus, Cestocrinus, Costalocrinus, Cyathocrinites, Meniscocrinusn. gen.,Parisocrinus, Pellecrinus, andSaccosomopsisfrom Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee are reviewed, redescribed, and redefined from study of type material, museum collections, and field collections. Nomenclatural and systematic acts include the following: 1)Barycrinus spurius(Hall, 1858) is a senior synonym ofCyathocrinus tumidusHall, 1858,C. protuberansHall, 1858, andB. mammatusMeek and Worthen, 1873; 2)B. rhombiferus(Owen and Shumard, 1852a) is a senior synonym ofC. sculptilisHall, 1860,C. thomaeHall, 1860,C. hoveyiHall, 1861a,C. wachsmuthiMeek and Worthen, 1861,B. herculeusMeek and Worthen, 1868,B. pentagonusMeek and Worthen, 1873,B. striatusWorthen, 1875,B. boonvillensisMiller, 1891b,B. formosusMiller and Gurley, 1894,B. washingtonensisMiller and Gurley, 1895, andB. elrodiMiller and Gurley, 1896a; 3)B. magister(Hall, 1858) is a senior synonym ofC. solidusHall, 1861a andB. magnificusMeek and Worthen, 1868; 4)B. stellatus(Hall, 1858) is a senior synonym ofC. bullatusHall, 1858,C. angulatusMeek and Worthen, 1860,C. quinquelobusMeek and Worthen, 1865, andB. astericusVan Sant, 1964; 5)B. crassibrachiatus(Hall, 1860) is a senior synonym ofB. princepsMiller and Gurley, 1890a; 6)B. geometricusMeek and Worthen, 1873, is considered a nomen dubium; 7)B. benedicti(Miller, 1891a) is considered a nomen dubium; 8)Cyathocrinus signatusMiller and Gurley, 1894, is assigned toCestocrinusand is a senior synonym ofCestocrinus striatusKirk, 1940; 9)Cyathocrinites iowensis(Owen and Shumard, 1850) is a senior synonym ofC. malvaceusHall, 1858,C. divaricatusHall, 1858,C. rotundatusHall, 1858,C. viminalisHall, 1861a,C. parvibrachiatusHall, 1861a,C. hamiltonensisWorthen, 1882,C. nodosusWachsmuth and Springer, 1890,C. brevisacculusWachsmuth and Springer, 1890,C. opimusMiller and Gurley, 1890a, andC. gurleyiMiller, 1891a; 10)C. kelloggi(White, 1862) is a senior synonym ofC. subtumidusMeek and Worthen, 1865; 11)C. farleyi(Meek and Worthen, 1866b) is a senior synonym ofC. andersoniMiller and Gurley, 1894,C. granulosusRowley, 1902, andC. snivelyiRowley, 1902; 12)C. harrodi(Wachsmuth and Springer, 1880) is a senior synonym ofC. boonvillensisMiller, 1891b,C. gorbyiMiller, 1892b, andC. astralusKammer, 1984; 13)Meniscocrinusn. gen. is described andM. magnitubusn. sp. is assigned to this new genus; 14)C. labyrinthicusMiller, 1891a, is assigned toParisocrinus; 15)C. intermediusHall, 1858, is assigned toPellecrinus; and 16)C. insperatusLyon, 1869, is assigned toSaccosomopsisand is a senior synonym ofC.?poteriumMeek and Worthen, 1870.

Stratified seismic anisotropy reveals past and present deformation beneath the East-central United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 274 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 489-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Deschamps ◽  
Sergei Lebedev ◽  
Thomas Meier ◽  
Jeannot Trampert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Seismic Anisotropy ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central United States

Variability in Cuphea viscosissima Jacq. collected in east-central United States

1994 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.W. Roath ◽  
M.P. Widrlechner ◽  
R. Kleiman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
East Central ◽  
Central United States

scholarly journals STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS IKAN TARGET DI TERUMBU KARANG PULAU HOGOW DAN PUTUS-PUTUS SULAWESI UTARA

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unstain NWJ Rembet ◽  
Mennofatria Boer ◽  
Dietriech G Bengen ◽  
Achmad Fahrudin
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Coral Reef ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Controlling Factors ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Target Fish ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

ABSTRACTCommunity structure of target fishes was analyzed to understand their response to different conditions of coral reefs in several places of Hugow and Putus-Putus islands. This study focused on species abundance and diversity including Shannon-Wiener’s species diversity (H’), species richness (SR), species evenness (J’) and dominance (d) indices, respectively. A multivariate analysis was used for the classification or correspondence factorial analyses. The result recorded 4,501 individuals belonging to 52 species of target fishes. Both cluster and correspondence analyses clearly recognized 3 groups of target fish with 2 major controlling factors for the development of these 3 ecological groups, i.e. coral reef conditions and geographic position to the hydrodynamic condition.ABSTRAKStruktur komunitas ikan target dianalisis untuk melihat respon ikan target terhadap perbedaan kondisi terumbu karang di beberapa lokasi Pulau Hogow dan Putus-Putus. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2010 dengan pengambilan data di 6 stasiun. Dalam penelitian ini telah dikaji variabel komunitas seperti kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman spesies termasuk indeks keanekaragaman spesies Shannon-Wiener (H’), indeks kekayaan spesies (SR), indeks kemerataan spesies (J’) dan indeks dominasi (d). Untuk melihat assemblage ikan target dilakukan analisis multivariat baik analisis klasifikasi maupun analisis faktorial koresponden. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh 4501 indidu yang termasuk dalam 52 spesies ikan target. Analisis multivariat baik analisis cluster maupun analisis koresponden telah memisahkan dengan jelas 3 grup ikan target, dimana terdapat dua faktor utama pengendali pembentukan 3 grup ekologis ini yakni faktor kondisi terumbu karang dan faktor posisi lokasi terhadap kondisi hidrodinamika perairan.

Primitive cladid crinoids from the early Osagean Burlington Limestone and the phylogenetics of Mississippian species of Cyathocrinites

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Kammer ◽  
Forest J. Gahn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Species Level ◽  
East Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Middle Mississippian ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Morphologic Data ◽  
First Time

All 19 known species of the primitive cladid crinoid genera Atelestocrinus, Cyathocrinites, Goniocrinus, Parisocrinus, Pellecrinus, and Zygotocrinus from the early Osagean Burlington Limestone of the North American midcontinent are reviewed and redescribed or, where necessary, redefined. Nine of these species are illustrated for the first time herein. Sixteen are considered valid, including C. deroseari n. sp. Of the remaining three species, one is left in open nomenclature, and two are considered nomen dubia. Pellecrinus is recognized for the first time from the Burlington Limestone, although the specimens can not be identified to the species level and are left in open nomenclature.Cyathocrinites ranges from the Middle Silurian to at least the Middle Mississippian. During the Early Mississippian Cyathocrinites experienced an evolutionary radiation with a maximum diversity of nine species in the Burlington Limestone. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated in a parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis by combining morphologic data from the Burlington species with data from the four other species of Cyathocrinites from the late Osagean and early Meramecian of the east-central United States. The Kinderhookian C. chouteauensis (Miller and Gurley, 1896) served as the outgroup. A phylogenetic analysis of 14 species of Mississippian Cyathocrinites yielded a single most parsimonious tree with a length of 28 steps (C. I. = 0.607, H. I. = 0.392, R. I. = 0.718, R. C. = 0.436). Results of this analysis suggest that at least two major clades existed within Mississippian Cyathocrinites. One clade contains C. sampsoni (Miller, 1891b), C. gilesi (Wachsmuth and Springer, 1878), C. farleyi (Meek and Worthen, 1866), and C. barydactylus (Wachsmuth and Springer, 1878). The second clade contains C. iowensis, C. kelloggi (White, 1862), C. barrisi (Hall, 1861a), C. rigidus, C. deroseari n. sp., C. asperrimus (Springer, 1911), C. lamellosus (White, 1863), and C. harrodi (Wachsmuth and Springer, 1880). Cyathocrinites multibrachiatus forms a polytomy with these two clades. Members of the first clade exhibit a unique overall morphology present only during the Mississippian, suggesting the clade arose during this time. Members of the second clade, plus C. multibrachiatus, exhibit some characters present in Cyathocrinites species as old as the Middle Silurian and, thus, may have its roots among Silurian and Devonian species.

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