On the perceptual and neural correlates of reading models

The current model appears comprehensive but is probably not applicable to a writing system like Japanese, which has unspaced text, because the model is mainly based on English. The span size difference (smaller for Japanese than for English) may be a result of high-level working memory-based attentional processing and not of low-level processing. Further, neural correlates of the model are discussed in terms of central executive function.

Download Full-text

Phonological working memory and central executive function differ in children with typical development and dyslexia

Dyslexia ◽

10.1002/dys.1699 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mary Alt ◽

Annie Fox ◽

Roy Levy ◽

Tiffany P. Hogan ◽

Nelson Cowan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Executive Function ◽

Central Executive ◽

Typical Development ◽

Phonological Working Memory

Download Full-text

High level estradiol impairs and low level estradiol facilitates non-spatial working memory

Behavioural Brain Research ◽

10.1016/j.bbr.2004.04.001 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 155 (1) ◽

pp. 45-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

Jennifer K. Wide ◽

Katherine Hanratty ◽

Julia Ting ◽

Liisa A.M. Galea

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Low Level ◽

High Level

Download Full-text

Corrigendum: Training on Movement Figure-Ground Discrimination Remediates Low-Level Visual Timing Deficits in the Dorsal Stream, Improving High-Level Cognitive Functioning, Including Attention, Reading Fluency, and Working Memory

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2018.00461 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Teri Lawton ◽

John Shelley-Tremblay

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Reading Fluency ◽

Dorsal Stream ◽

Low Level ◽

High Level

Download Full-text

Training on Movement Figure-Ground Discrimination Remediates Low-Level Visual Timing Deficits in the Dorsal Stream, Improving High-Level Cognitive Functioning, Including Attention, Reading Fluency, and Working Memory

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2017.00236 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Teri Lawton ◽

John Shelley-Tremblay

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Cognitive Functioning ◽

Reading Fluency ◽

Dorsal Stream ◽

Low Level ◽

High Level

Download Full-text

Exploring the Central Executive in Situation Awareness

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.106.1.105-118 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 105-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Abdrabo Moghazy Soliman

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Executive Function ◽

Situation Awareness ◽

Executive Control ◽

Global Assessment ◽

Real Life ◽

Central Executive ◽

Driving Simulation ◽

Assessment Technique

Despite its significance, the central executive is the least explored component of working memory, particularly in complicated contexts. Exp. 1 investigated the role of executive control of working memory in situation awareness in a real-life driving simulation. Exp. 2 examined the extent to which taxing the central executive might affect situation awareness. High, Medium, and Low Situation Awareness groups were formed as assessed using the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique. Executive function was measured using several tests. Results from Exp. 1 demonstrated that the Low Situation Awareness group performed significantly worse on all executive function tasks compared to High and Medium Situation Awareness groups. Findings from Exp. 2 suggested that concurrent load on the central executive dramatically affected the Low Situation Awareness group but not the High Situation Awareness group: the former had significantly more driving violations under central executive load.

Download Full-text

Neural Correlates of Motion-induced Blindness in the Human Brain

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2009.21262 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 1235-1243 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Marieke L. Schölvinck ◽

Geraint Rees

Keyword(s):

Visual Cortex ◽

Visual Processing ◽

Target Location ◽

Visual Awareness ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Low Level ◽

Bistable Perception ◽

Visual Phenomenon ◽

High Level ◽

Visual Cortical

Motion-induced blindness (MIB) is a visual phenomenon in which highly salient visual targets spontaneously disappear from visual awareness (and subsequently reappear) when superimposed on a moving background of distracters. Such fluctuations in awareness of the targets, although they remain physically present, provide an ideal paradigm to study the neural correlates of visual awareness. Existing behavioral data on MIB are consistent both with a role for structures early in visual processing and with involvement of high-level visual processes. To further investigate this issue, we used high field functional MRI to investigate signals in human low-level visual cortex and motion-sensitive area V5/MT while participants reported disappearance and reappearance of an MIB target. Surprisingly, perceptual invisibility of the target was coupled to an increase in activity in low-level visual cortex plus area V5/MT compared with when the target was visible. This increase was largest in retinotopic regions representing the target location. One possibility is that our findings result from an active process of completion of the field of distracters that acts locally in the visual cortex, coupled to a more global process that facilitates invisibility in general visual cortex. Our findings show that the earliest anatomical stages of human visual cortical processing are implicated in MIB, as with other forms of bistable perception.

Download Full-text

Working memory in clinical depression: an experimental study

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700038873 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 87-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 77

Author(s):

Shelley Channon ◽

Jane E. Baker ◽

Mary M. Robertson

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Working Memory ◽

Executive Function ◽

Central Executive ◽

Clinical Depression ◽

Clinically Depressed ◽

Normal Controls

SynopsisThis study compared clinically depressed subjects with normal controls on a range of working memory tasks. The findings suggested the articulatory loop and visuospatial sketch pad components of working memory to be unimpaired in depression. On a range of clinical tasks likely to involve central executive function, depressed subjects showed impairment only on some tasks.

Download Full-text

Distraction biases working memory for faces

10.31219/osf.io/qvez5 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Remington Mallett ◽

Anurima Mummaneni ◽

Jarrod Lewis-Peacock

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Irrelevant Information ◽

Visual Features ◽

Maintenance Period ◽

Stimulus Space ◽

Estimation Task ◽

Low Level ◽

The Face ◽

High Level ◽

Task Irrelevant

Working memory persists in the face of distraction, yet not without consequence. Previous research has shown that memory for low-level visual features is systematically influenced by the maintenance or presentation of a similar distractor stimulus. Responses are frequently biased in stimulus space towards a perceptual distractor, though this has yet to be determined for high-level stimuli. We investigated whether these influences are shared for complex visual stimuli such as faces. To quantify response accuracies for these stimuli, we used a delayed-estimation task with a computer-generated “face space” consisting of eighty faces that varied continuously as a function of age and sex. In a set of three experiments, we found that responses for a target face held in working memory were biased towards a distractor face presented during the maintenance period. The amount of response bias did not vary as a function of distance between target and distractor. Our data suggest that, similar to low-level visual features, high-level face representations in working memory are biased by the processing of related but task-irrelevant information.

Download Full-text