The second to fourth digit ratio, sociosexuality, and offspring sex ratio

2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Fink ◽  
John T. Manning ◽  
Nick Neave

Previous research has suggested that offspring sex ratio may be influenced by the actions of prenatal sex steroids, principally androgens. The relative length of the second (index finger) to the fourth digit (ring finger) has been reported to be a proxy to prenatal testosterone levels. This trait is sexually dimorphic, such that males display a significantly lower 2D:4D ratio (indicating higher testosterone exposure), and this dimorphism appears robust across different populations. We suggest that digit ratio (2D:4D) may form a useful marker to help explain variation in sex ratio and sociosexuality.

Ibis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd E. Katzner ◽  
Daniel S. Jackson ◽  
Jamie Ivy ◽  
Evgeny A. Bragin ◽  
Andrew DeWoody

2002 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. MANNING ◽  
S. MARTIN ◽  
R.L. TRIVERS ◽  
M. SOLER

The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Genovart ◽  
D. Oro ◽  
M. G. Forero ◽  
J. M. Igual ◽  
J. González-Solís ◽  
...  

AbstractWe analyzed offspring sex ratio variation in Mediterranean Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris d. diomedea) during two consecutive breeding seasons in two colonies. We test for differential breeding conditions between years and colonies looking at several breeding parameters and parental condition. We then explored the relationship between offspring sex ratio and parental condition and breeding parameters. This species is sexually dimorphic with males larger and heavier than females; consequently we expected differential parental cost in rearing sexes, or a greater sensitivity of male chicks to adverse conditions, which may lead to biased sex ratios. Chicks were sexed molecularly by the amplification of the CHD genes. Offspring sex ratio did not differ from parity, either at hatching or fledging, regardless of the colony or year. However, parental body condition and breeding parameters such as egg size and breeding success were different between years and colonies. Nevertheless, neither nestling mortality nor body condition at fledging varied between years or colonies, suggesting that male and female chicks were probably not differentially affected by variability in breeding conditions.La Condición Parental no está Correlacionada con las Proporciones de Sexos en los Pollos de Calonectris d. diomedeaResumen. Se analizaron las proporciones de sexos en la descendencia en dos colonias mediterráneas de Calonectris d. diomedea, durante dos temporadas de cría consecutivas. Se estudió la relación entre la proporción de sexos de los pollos y la condición parental y algunos parámetros reproductivos durante la cría. La especie es dimórfica, siendo los machos mayores y más pesados que las hembras; en consecuencia, se esperarían costos parentales diferenciales en la cría de los sexos, o una sensibilidad mayor de los pollos machos a condiciones adversas, que se traduciría en un sesgo en la proporción de sexos. Se determinó el sexo de los pollos por medio de técnicas moleculares, mediante la amplificación del gen CHD. Las proporciones de sexos en los pollos no se desviaron del 50% ni en la eclosión, ni en los volantones, independientemente de la colonia o el año de estudio. Sin embargo, la condición parental y algunos parámetros reproductivos como el tamaño del huevo o el éxito reproductivo sí variaron entre años y colonias. La mortalidad o la condición física de los volantones tampoco mostraron ninguna variación en función de la colonia o del año de estudio, sugiriendo que los pollos de los dos sexos probablemente no se vieron afectados de manera diferencial por la variabilidad en las condiciones de cría.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e0143054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Beom Kim ◽  
Jin Kyu Oh ◽  
Kwang Taek Kim ◽  
Sang Jin Yoon ◽  
Soo Woong Kim

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 384-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shahidul Islam ◽  
Brajanath Kundu

Background: The ratio between the length of the index finger (2D) concerning the length of the ring finger (4D) of a palm, which is noticed as second to fourth digit ratio (2D:4D). However, the length ratio of the second digit (the index finger) to that of the fourth digit (the ring finger) probably shows the quantity of male hormone, to which an individual is exposed in the womb of the mother. Likewise, several investigations define that low second to fourth digit finger ratio tended to have related to prenatal testosterone hormone. Prenatal testosterone hormone masculinizes the human body and therefore may build the athletic body. Aim: To review scientific literature related to the lower ratio of second to fourth digit ratio and masculinity. Methods: The Researcher collected scientific evidence through electronic databases; PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Google Advanced Search, Web of Science, and critically analyzed the entire relevant article according to the nature of this study. Findings: The lower second to fourth digit ratio is associated with prenatal testosterone hormone and is also related to masculine traits that may help in sporting performance. Conclusion: Masculine attributes may be linked to a lower digit finger ratio (2D:4D).


2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-284
Author(s):  
M. T. Górecki ◽  
K. Kościński

Abstract. The Capra genus is sexually dimorphic, males are substantially bigger than females, they fight for mating privileges and sometimes even form harems. Thus Capra genus meets the assumptions of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis. However, in case of the domestic goat Capra hircus their reproduction is man-managed. We assessed whether maternal hornedness, maternal and paternal breed and age, maternal birth year, litter size, previous year offspring sex, and litter birth year influenced offspring sex ratio in the domestic goat. We examined 268 litters born in the years 1997–2002 at the Experimental Farm in Złotniki. The statistic methods used were logistic regression and Spearman rank correlation. The offspring sex ratio in the herd differed significantly from unity: 55.8% kids were females, p < 0.01. The factors that significantly influenced offspring sex ratio were maternal hornedness and maternal birth year. Horned dams (occupying high positions in the social hierarchy) produced fewer daughters (52.2% of offspring) than hornless nannies (62.2%). The fact that dams born later produce more daughters can be connected with their origin from different farms and worse environmental conditions in Złotniki in the consecutive years (because of the Experimental Farm financial problems). Moreover, Spearman rank correlation between sex ratio in the first and in the second litter was marginally significant and negative (R = −0.25, p = 0.061).


2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt-Erik Sæther ◽  
Erling J. Solberg ◽  
Morten Heim ◽  
John E. Stacy ◽  
Kjetill S. Jakobsen ◽  
...  

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