Spatial programming and the representation of salience

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 682-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay A. Edelman ◽  
Jacqueline Gottlieb ◽  
Michael E. Goldberg
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Visual Salience ◽  
Express Saccade ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Spatial Programming

The posterior parietal cortex and frontal eye field contain maps of visual salience on which the decision to choose a saccade may be based. However, an averaging express saccade is not represented by a victorious unimodal representation in the superior colliculus. Normalization as described by Findlay & Walker is not necessary for the generation of saccades.

scholarly journals Saccades, attentional orienting and disengagement: the effects of anodal tDCS over right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and frontal eye field (FEF)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Diana ◽  
Patrick Pilastro ◽  
Edoardo N. Aiello ◽  
Aleksandra K. Eberhard-Moscicka ◽  
René M. Müri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Gap Effect ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTIn the present work, we applied anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and frontal eye field (FEF) of the right hemisphere in healthy subjects to modulate attentional orienting and disengagement in a gap-overlap task. Both stimulations led to bilateral improvements in saccadic reaction times (SRTs), with larger effects for gap trials. However, analyses showed that the gap effect was not affected by tDCS. Importantly, we observed significant effects of baseline performance that may mediate side- and task-specific effects of brain stimulation.

scholarly journals Representation of visual salience within the frontal eye field following reversible inactivation of parietal cortex

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Marc Zirnsak ◽  
Xiaomo Chen ◽  
Stephen Lomber ◽  
Tirin Moore
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Visual Salience ◽  
Reversible Inactivation ◽  
Eye Field

Monkey Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons Antidromically Activated From Superior Colliculus

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 3493-3497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Paré ◽  
Robert H. Wurtz
Keyword(s):  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Single Pulse ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Intermediate Layers ◽  
Efferent Neurons ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Saccade Task

Paré, Martin and Robert H. Wurtz. Monkey posterior parietal cortex neurons antidromically activated from superior colliculus. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 3493–3497, 1997. The connection between the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and the superior colliculus (SC) was investigated by antidromically activating neurons within the lateral intraparietal (LIP) area with single-pulse stimulation delivered to the intermediate layers of the SC. To dissociate visual and saccade-related responses, the discharge properties of the identified efferent neurons were studied in the delayed visually guided saccade task and the memory guided saccade task. We found that the great majority (74%) of the identified LIP efferent neurons have a peripheral visual receptive field, typically with a broad spatial tuning. About two-thirds (64%) exhibited sustained activity during the delay period of the behavioral tasks, during which the monkeys had to withhold eye movements, and 80% of these increased their activity just before the onset of saccades. Both delay and presaccadic discharges in the delayed visually guided saccade task were higher than in the memory guided saccade task. These results establish that the neuronal signal sent by LIP to the SC carries both visual and saccade-related information.

The Saccadic System

2015 ◽  
pp. 169-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. John Leigh ◽  
David S. Zee
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Supplementary Eye Field ◽  
System P ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Parietal Eye

This chapter reviews the behavioral properties of rapid eye movements, ranging from quick phases of nystagmus to cognitively controlled saccades, and their neural substrate. Properties of various types of saccades are described, including express saccades, memory-guided saccades, antisaccades, and saccades during visual search and reading. Current concepts of regions important for the generation of saccades are reviewed, integrating results of functional imaging and electrophysiology, including brainstem burst neurons and omnipause neurons, the superior colliculus, frontal eye field, supplementary eye field, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, cingulate cortex, posterior parietal cortex, parietal eye field, thalamus, pulvinar, caudate, substantia nigra pars reticulata, subthalamic nucleus, cerebellar dorsal vermis, and fastigial nucleus. Saccade adaptation to novel visual demands is discussed, and the interaction between saccades and eyelid movements (blinks). Mathematical models of saccades are discussed. Clinical and laboratory evaluation of saccades and the pathophysiology of saccadic disorders, from slow saccades to opsoclonus, are reviewed.

Task-specific reversal of visual hemineglect following bilateral reversible deactivation of posterior parietal cortex: A comparison with deactivation of the superior colliculus

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN G. LOMBER ◽  
BERTRAM R. PAYNE
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Reversible Deactivation ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the present study was to compare and contrast behavioral performance on three different tasks of spatial cognition during unilateral and bilateral reversible deactivation of posterior parietal cortex. Specifically, we examined posterior middle suprasylvian (pMS) sulcal cortex in adult cats during temporary and reversible cooling deactivation. In Task 1, the cats oriented to a high-contrast, black visual stimulus moved into the visual field periphery. In Task 2, the cats oriented to a static light-emitting diode (LED). Task 3 examined the cats' ability to determine whether a black-and-white checkered, landmark box was closer to the right or left side of the testing apparatus. Following training on all tasks, cryoloops were implanted bilaterally within the pMS sulcus. Unilateral deactivation of pMS sulcal cortex resulted in virtually no responses to either moved or static stimuli and virtually no responses to landmarks presented in the contralateral hemifield, and a profound contralateral hemifield neglect was induced. Responses to stimuli and landmarks presented in the ipsilateral hemifield were unimpaired. Additive, bilateral cooling of the homotopic region in the contralateral hemisphere, but not an adjacent region, resulted in reversal of the initial hemineglect for the moved stimulus, yet induced a complete failure to orient to peripheral static LED stimuli. Bilateral cooling also reversed the contralateral neglect of the landmark, but then cats could not accurately determine position of the landmark anywhere in the visual field because performance was reduced to chance levels for all landmark loci in both hemifields. In this instance, as the contralateral neglect disappeared during bilateral cooling of pMS cortex, a new spatial discrimination deficit was revealed across the entire visual field. We conclude that pMS cortex contributes in multiple ways to the analyses of space, and that these contributions cannot be safely predicted from analyses of unilateral deactivations or from one task to another. Moreover, it is clear that other structures are capable of guiding orienting to high contrast, moved targets when pMS cortex is eliminated from brain circuitry. However, these same structures are incapable of supporting either orienting to static stimuli or analyses of spatial relations as tested with the landmark task. The impact of reversible deactivation of the superior colliculus on these same tasks is discussed.

scholarly journals The Contribution of Parietal Cortex to Visual Salience

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomo Chen ◽  
Marc Zirnsak ◽  
Gabriel M. Vega ◽  
Eshan Govil ◽  
Stephen G. Lomber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Visual Salience ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Reversible Inactivation ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractUnique stimuli stand out. In spite of an abundance of competing sensory stimuli, the detection of the most salient ones occurs without effort, and that detection contributes to the guidance of adaptive behavior. Neurons sensitive to the salience of visual stimuli are widespread throughout the primate visual system and are thought to shape the selection of visual targets. However, mechanisms underlying the representation of salience remain elusive. Among the possible candidates are areas within posterior parietal cortex, which appear to be crucial in the control of visual attention and are thought to play a unique role in representing stimulus salience. Here we show that reversible inactivation of parietal cortex not only selectively reduces the representation of visual salience within the brain, but it also diminishes the influence of salience on visually guided behavior. These results demonstrate a distinct contribution of parietal areas to vision and visual attention.

Posterior parietal cortex mediates encoding processes in change blindness

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Tseng ◽  
Cassidy Sterling ◽  
Adam Cooper ◽  
Bruce Bridgeman ◽  
Neil G. Muggleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parietal Cortex ◽  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Change Blindness ◽  
Posterior Parietal
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