scholarly journals Papiamento/Dutch code-switching in bilingual parent–child reading

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter Muysken ◽  
Hetty Kook ◽  
Paul Vedder
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Picture Books ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
Parent Child

ABSTRACTCode-switching between Papiamento and Dutch was studied in bilingual parent–child reading sessions in Antillian migrant families (who were to some extent bilingual in Papiamento and Dutch) in the Netherlands. Mothers were asked to read three picture books to their child: one in Dutch, one in Papiamento, and one without text. The code-switching in the data is studied from three perspectives: its relation to bilingual competence, its structural properties, and the implications for language change through lexical borrowing. Our data confirmed the results of earlier studies, which found that intimate code-switching within the clause is characteristic of fluent bilinguals. In our study, this held in particular for knowledge of Papiamento. Structurally, the type of code-switching encountered was predominantly insertional (with Papiamento as the dominant language), thus conforming to the constraints proposed for this type of switching. The single Dutch words that were frequently inserted into Papiamento utterances by the mothers could easily be interpreted by the child as Papiarnento and are likely to become borrowings in the next generation. We conclude with some remarks about the functions of code-switching in our data.

scholarly journals Language choice and functional differentiation of languages in bilingual parent–child reading

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Vedder ◽  
Hetty Kook ◽  
Pieter Muysken
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Picture Books ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Code Choice ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Parent Child

ABSTRACTLanguage choice and functional differentiation between Papiamento and Dutch were studied in bilingual parent-child reading sessions in Antillian migrant families; the subjects, who were living in the Netherlands, were to some extent bilingual in Papiamento and Dutch. Mothers were asked to read three picture books to their child: one in Dutch, one in Papiamento, and one without text. Code choice was related to the text and contents of the book, as well as to restrictions imposed by the language proficiency in both languages of the mothers and children. It was expected that Dutch would be used more for more demanding cognitive functions because of its association with school. However, these parents did not categorize rnetalinguistic activity and reasoning as school-related, although they did categorize counting as such and tended to use Dutch to count.

Modal Categories in Contact: The Case of Heritage Ambon Malay in the Netherlands

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-291
Author(s):  
Francesca R. Moro
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Heritage Language ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Dominant Language ◽  
Language History ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
Language Variety ◽  
History Of ◽  
Discourse Grammar ◽  
Study Support

This article reports the preliminary findings of a study examining the semantics of modal verbs in heritage Ambon Malay, a language variety spoken by Dutch-Ambon Malay bilinguals in the Netherlands whose dominant language is Dutch. In this study, I examined the use of the necessity modal musti [must] in the speech of heritage language (HL) speakers and compared it to that of monolingual homeland Ambon Malay speakers and monolingual Dutch speakers. The findings show convergence between the modal system of the heritage language (Ambon Malay) and that of the dominant language (Dutch). More precisely, the heritage necessity modal musti [must] has extended its semantic range to resemble its Dutch equivalent moeten [must.] I discuss three main factors that account for this innovation, namely (i) psychological factors – semantic convergence is one of the strategies adopted by bilinguals to reduce their cognitive load, (ii) universal principles of language development in contact settings ̶conceptual naturalness facilitates semantic influence from Dutch, and (iii) social factors ̶the language history of HL speakers shows that the innovation correlates with type of bilingualism and amount of exposure to Ambon Malay. Finally, the findings of this study support the Functional Discourse Grammar hierarchy of language change and, to a lesser extent, the typological hierarchy of Matras (2007).

scholarly journals Conflicts with Wolves Can Originate from Their Parent Packs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1801
Author(s):  
Diederik van Liere ◽  
Nataša Siard ◽  
Pim Martens ◽  
Dušanka Jordan
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Negative Reinforcement ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Google Search

Transmission of experience about prey and habitat supports the survival of next generation of wolves. Thus, the parent pack (PP) can affect whether young migrating wolves (loners) kill farm animals or choose to be in human environments, which generates human–wolf conflicts. Therefore, we researched whether the behavior of loners resembles PP behavior. After being extinct, 22 loners had entered the Netherlands between 2015 and 2019. Among them, 14 could be DNA-identified and linked with their PPs in Germany. Some loners were siblings. We assessed the behavior of each individual and PP through a structured Google search. PP behavior was determined for the loner’s rearing period. Similarity between loner and PP behavior was significant (p = 0.022) and applied to 10 of 14 cases: like their PPs, three loners killed sheep and were near humans, five killed sheep and did not approach humans, while two loners were unproblematic, they did not kill sheep, nor were they near humans. Siblings behaved similarly. Thus, sheep killing and proximity to humans may develop during early-life experiences in the PP. However, by negative reinforcement that can be prevented. New methods are suggested to achieve that. As a result, new generations may not be problematic when leaving PPs.

scholarly journals Childcare practices of Polish Migrants in the Netherlands: Comparison with the countries of origin and destination

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alzbeta Bartova ◽  
Kasia Karpinska
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Institutional Context ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Social Support Network ◽  
Working Parents ◽  
Migrant Families ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Polish Migrants ◽  
Migrant Parents

Both formal and informal types of child care are important sources of support for working parents andespecially women. However, little is known about the way migrant families combine their work andfamily responsibilities in the context of an absent or limited social support network. We explore this issueusing the example of Polish migrant parents living in the Netherlands and compare their practices tothose of their Dutch and Polish counterparts in the Netherlands and Poland. The aim of our research isto investigate whether migrant parents adapt to the new institutional context, draw on the childcarenorms of their home country, or whether they adopt a unique strategy that reflects their specific positionof migrants, formulated as separate hypotheses. We found support for all of the three hypotheses andshowed that the childcare practices of Polish parents living in the Netherlands are highly dependent onthe age of the youngest child. We also found that the extent to which Polish migrants integrate into theDutch society can be an important predictor of their childcare strategies when the children are veryyoung.

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