English Language Variation of Tourist Guide: A Case Study of Indonesian Context

Individuals frequently speak English differently depending on their native language or the society they live in. A primary goal of our research is to learn more about the unique linguistic characteristics of the Indonesian people. This study aims to discover the language variation of English used by Indonesian tourist guides. Researchers used library and field research to perform the analysis. The researcher gathered data by recording, transcribing, and categorizing it in three separate processes. Furthermore, the researchers utilized a descriptive qualitative method to examine the usual linguistic features of English used by the tour guide. According to the findings of this study, the code choice of the three tour guides is relatively comparable. They used some particular lexical, namely actually, so, this is I and ‘and then’ In addition, they perform code-switching and code-mixing. Keywords: English, Language Variation, Tourist, Guide, Indonesia

PILIHAN KODE SANTRI WANITA DI MADRASAH TAKHASHUSHIYYAH PADA RANAH PERTEMANAN DI PESANTREN ISLAM AL-MUKMIN NGRUKI DI KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO Code Choice of Female Santri in Takhashushiyyah in the Frienship Domain in Al-Mukmin Ngruki Islamic Boarding School in Sukoharjo Regency

Abstrak: Keanekaragaman bahasa yang digunakan oleh masyarakat santri dapat merepresentasikan adanya masyarakat multietnik dan multilingual. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan pilihan kode pada santri wanita di madrasah takhashushiyyah di Pesantren Islam Al-Mukmin Ngruki di Kabupaten Sukoharjo. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan Sosiolinguistik. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi, rekaman, dan wawancara. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa tuturan santri wanita di lingkungan pesantren. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode etnography communication Hymes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi kode yang digunakan oleh santri wanita yaitu bahasa Indonesia (BI), bahasa Inggris (B.Ing), bahasa Arab (B.Ar), bahasa Jawa (BJ), bahasa Sunda (BS), bahasa Melayu (BM), dan bahasa campur (BC) berupa alih kode dan campur kode. Signifikansi dari penelitian ini adanya gejala bilingualisme/multilingualisme melalui penggunaan bahasa Indonesia, bahasa Arab, bahasa Inggris, terbukti tidak menggeser bahasa daerah apalagi memusnahkan bahasa daerah sebagai bahasa ibu. Loyalitas yang tinggi terhadap bahasa daerah yang digunakan oleh santri wanita di lingkungan Pesantren Islam Al-Mukmin Ngruki merupakan salah satu upaya pemertahanan dan pemeliharaan identitas lokal di zaman modernitas yang penuh dengan dinamika. Kata kunci: Pilihan Kode, Santri Wanita, Pertemanan, Pesantren Abstract: The diversity of languages used by the santri community can represent a multiethnic and multilingual society. The purpose of this study to explain the choice of codes for female santri at the Takhashushiyyah Islamic Boarding School in the Al-Mukmin Ngruki Islamic Boarding School in Sukoharjo Regency. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using a sociolinguistic approach. Data collection using the method of observation, recording, and interviews. The data in this study are in the form of speeches from female students in the pesantren environment. Data were analyzed using the etnography communication Hymes method. The results of this study indicate that there are variations in the code used by female students, namely Indonesian (BI), English (B. Ing), Arabic (B.Ar), Javanese (BJ), Sundanese (BS), and Malay. (BM), and mixed language (BC) in the form of code switching and code mixing. The significance of this research shows that bilingualism / multilingualism through the use of Indonesian, Arabic and English are proven not to shift regional languages, moreover destroy local languages as mother tongues. High loyalty to the regional languages used by female santri in the Islamic boarding school Al-Mukmin Ngruki is one of the efforts to maintain and maintain local identities in modern times full of dynamics.Key words: Code choice, Female Santri, Friendship, Islamic Boarding School

Transgressive Arabic discourse in Lebanese political protest

A wide range of Arabic language variation in form, code choice and orthographic script was wielded by Lebanese political protestors in their graffiti and political placards in Beirut in 2015. That summer, civil protests spilled out into the streets to critique the government inaction over waste management and overall corruption. I will focus on four tactics that highlight a trend towards linguistic transgression and strategic recontextualization of Arabic discourse in these protests: reworking of state iconography; inscribing irreverent spoken dialect in written form; incorporation of hashtag (#) participant and interpretive frameworks; and the recontextualization of traditional calligraphic forms in new contexts. This paper explores the intertextuality of protest signage and consider the ways in which the transgression of traditional linguistic boundaries might inform understandings of the social dynamics of contemporary politics in Lebanon.

CODE-SWITCHING AND CODE-MIXING PRACTICES IN ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES (ESP) COURSES

This study focuses on the practices of the ESP (English for Spesific Purposes) lecturer and students toward code-switching and code-mixing (CS/CM) in the class activity. The study used descriptive qualitative method in the research. In collecting the data, the researcher shared some questionnaires and did interviews and observation. It provides the clear findings of the actual implementation of the institutional language policy on the medium of instruction in the classroom. CS/CM in both Indonesian and English languages emerged as the lecturer’s code choice in the classroom instruction. Such language practice seems not to only have undermined the role of English as the stipulated medium of instruction, but also underestimated the speech behaviour of bilinguals. It causes the conflict between the language policy and the actual use of English and Indonesian in the classroom.

CODE CHOICE USED IN YOUTUBE CONTENT “NEBENG BOY”

<p>Nebeng Boy is one of the most popular YouTube content created by Indonesian YouTuber and an ex-Video Jockey from MTV, Boy William. This research aims to find out the code choices chosen by the participants of YouTube content “Nebeng Boy” and the reasons why the participants choose the different codes.</p><p>This research was a case study of sociolinguistics which employed a descriptive qualitative method. In collecting the data, the researcher has done a few techniques; taking notes from observing the conversation, transcribing the dialogues between participants, and classifying the data. The researcher used total sampling technique and took the whole part of dialogue from six videos of “Nebeng Boy”.</p><p>The results show that the code choices employed by the participants of Nebeng Boy are informal variety from Bahasa Indonesia and English. Each participant has different way in using the codes and also has different reason. The Host of the program uses informal codes to show solidarity, express emotions, show intimacy, changing topics, and including another person to the conversation. Meanwhile, the factors that the guests use the code choices are the background of the person, the profession, function of the conversation, topics, the situation of conversation, and to include another person.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

Pilihan Kode dalam Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar di Sekolah Dasar di Jawa Tengah (Code Choices in Teaching and Learning Activities in Elementary Schools in Jawa Tengah)

Kegiatan belajar mengajar dengan berbagai topik memunculkan variasi penggunaan bahasa pengantar. Penggunaan bahasa itu belum terungkap secara empiris. Tulisan ini mendeskripsikan bahasa pengantar di sekolah dasar di Jawa Tengah, variasi, pola pemakaian, dan faktor-faktor yang menentukan penggunaannya. Penyediaan data menggunakan metode pengamatan langsung dengan teknik simak. Melalui analisis sosiolinguistik diperoleh hasil bahwa bahasa yang digunakan terdiri atas bahasa Indonesia dengan ragam formal dan nonformal, serta bahasa Jawa. Variasinya berwujud tunggal bahasa, alih kode, dan campur kode. Pola penggunaannya bersumber pada bahasa Indonesia yang kemudian dilakukan alih kode dan campur kode dengan bahasa Jawa, Inggris, atau Arab. Faktor yang menentukan penggunaannya adalah ketepatan, kemantaban, dan kenyamanan; pemahaman murid; peningkatan kemampuan berbahasa murid; dan pengenalan istilah dalam bahasa aslinya. Teaching and learning activities with various topics bring up variations in the use of the language of instruction. The use of language has not been revealed empirically. This paper describes the language of instruction in the form of code choice performed by teachers of elementary schools in Jawa Tengah, variations, usage patterns, and factorsfor the choice. Data were collected by using the method of direct observation with refer to technique. Through sociolinguistic analysis, it was found that there are there major codes to choose, i.e. formal Indonesian, nonformal Indonesian, and Javanese. The variations were single code, code switching, and code mixing. The pattern of its used originates in Indonesian, which then switched or mixed to or with Javanese, English or Arabic. The factors determining the choices were accuracy, stability, and convenience; students understanding; improvement of students language skills; and the introduction of terms in the original language.