Emergence of Nosocomial Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Therapy of Colonized Personnel during a Hospital-Wide Outbreak

1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred E. Bacon ◽  
Karen A. Jorgensen ◽  
Kenneth H. Wilson ◽  
Carol A. Kauffman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Veterans Administration ◽  
Outbreak Strain ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Ann Arbor

AbstractAt the Ann Arbor Veterans Administration Medical Center, 30 patients over a 6-month period became nosocomially infected or colonized by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Immediate institution of strict infection control measures, in conjunction with surveillance cultures of personnel and treatment of carriers, did not limit spread of the outbreak strain of MRSA. Multiple nonoutbreak strains, phenotypically exhibiting heteroresistance, were also uncovered. Thirteen hospital personnel were identified as MRSA carriers. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and rifampin initially eradicated the carrier state, documented by anterior nares cultures in 13 courses of treatment in 11 employees. However, three employees were recolonized, one at one month, one at both one and four months, and one at four months. Treatment of the carrier state reservoir among personnel appeared to have no effect on the emergence and spread of nosocomial MRSA.

scholarly journals The Prevalence, Risk, and Management of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Diverse Populations across Canada: A Systematic Review

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Mitevska ◽  
Britney Wong ◽  
Bas G. J. Surewaard ◽  
Craig N. Jenne
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Mrsa Infection

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) first emerged after methicillin was introduced to combat penicillin resistance, and its prevalence in Canada has increased since the first MRSA outbreak in the early 1980s. We reviewed the existing literature on MRSA prevalence in Canada over time and in diverse populations across the country. MRSA prevalence increased steadily in the 1990s and 2000s and remains a public health concern in Canada, especially among vulnerable populations, such as rural, remote, and Indigenous communities. Antibiotic resistance patterns and risk factors for MRSA infection were also reported. All studies reported high susceptibility (>85%) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with no significant resistance reported for vancomycin, linezolid, or rifampin. While MRSA continues to have susceptibility to several antibiotics, the high and sometimes variable resistance rates to other drugs underscores the importance of antimicrobial stewardship. Risk factors for high MRSA infection rates related to infection control measures, low socioeconomic status, and personal demographic characteristics were also reported. Additional surveillance, infection control measures, enhanced anti-microbial stewardship, and community education programs are necessary to decrease MRSA prevalence and minimize the public health risk posed by this pathogen.

Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Singapore Is Usually “Healthcare Associated”

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Tambyah ◽  
Abdulrazaq G. Habib ◽  
Toon-Mae Ng ◽  
Helen Goh ◽  
Gamini Kumarasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Aureus Infection ◽  
Visiting Nurses ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Traditional Paradigm

AbstractObjecttve:To assess the frequency of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.Setting:A teaching hospital in Singapore.Methods:Prospectively collected surveillance data were reviewed during a 1-year period to determine the extent and origin of community-acquired MRSA infections.Results:Whereas 32% of 383 MRSA infections were detected less than 48 hours after hospital admission and would, by convention, be classified as “community acquired,” all but one of these were among patients who had been exposed to outpatient centers including dialysis or chemotherapy clinics, visiting nurses, community hospitals, or all three.Conclusions:With health care increasingly being delivered in an outpatient setting, community-acquired MRSA infections are often acquired in hospital-related sites and most may be more accurately described as “healthcare acquired.” Infection control measures need to move beyond the traditional paradigm of acute care hospitals to effectively control the spread of resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Outbreak of clonal complex 22 Panton–Valentine leucocidin-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark I. Garvey ◽  
Craig W. Bradley ◽  
Kerry L. Holden ◽  
Beryl Oppenheim
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
And Control

Aims: We describe the investigation and control of a nosocomial outbreak of Sequence Type (ST) 22 MRSA containing the Panton–Valentine leucocidin (PVL) toxin in an acute multispecialty surgical ward at University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust. Methods: A patient was classed as acquiring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) if they had a negative admission screen and then had MRSA isolated from a subsequent screen or clinical specimen. Spa typing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was undertaken to confirm MRSA acquisitions. Findings: The Infection Prevention and Control Team were alerted to the possibility of an outbreak when two patients acquired MRSA while being on the same ward. In total, five patients were involved in the outbreak where four patients acquired the PVL-MRSA clone from an index patient due to inadequate infection control practice. Two patients who acquired the strain developed a bloodstream infection. Infection control measures included decolonisation of affected patients, screening of all patients on the ward, environmental sampling and enhanced cleaning. Discussion: Our study highlights the potential risk of spread and pathogenicity of this clone in the healthcare setting. Spa typing and PFGE assisted with confirmation of the outbreak and implementation of infection control measures. In outbreaks, microbiological typing should be undertaken as a matter of course as without specialist typing identification of the described outbreak would have been delayed.

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