Introducing expert critiquing systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sture Hägglund
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Critiquing Systems

Expert critiquing systems present an interesting and important complement to conventional expert systems. The basic idea is to emphasize the support for the user's own decision making rather than to let the system independently suggest a solution to a given problem. Thus it is assumed that the user initially proposes a decision or course of action. The system then reviews this suggestion relative to known circumstance, tries to evaluate the proposed solution, provides suggestions for improvements, draws attention to possible risks, indicates alternatives, and evaluates their merits, etc. A critiquing system is characterized both by its approach to problem solving and by its style of interaction with the user, as will be detailed below.

scholarly journals Sistem Diagnosa Penyakit THT Pada Balita Menggunakan Dempster Shafer

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Maura Widyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Computing Systems ◽  
Knowledge Based System ◽  
Forward Chaining ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Auxiliary Program

Computer field supports the existence of auxiliary program in medical development that is expert knowledge-based system, this system is one branch of Artifical Intellegence (AI). Expert systems are knowledge in learning about estimation or decision-making ability of an expert. Problem solving in the identification of a disease by using auxiliary program is needed a method and concept. Calculation techniques in computing systems are so important, given the level of need for information and the settlement of cases quickly.The results of the study are expert applications that assist in providing results of diagnosis of symptoms managed  the system, with inference using forward chaining, and reasioning with Dempster Shafer. Dempster Shafer's method is not monotonous in solving uncertainty problems, due to the addition or subtraction of new facts. Rule changes will occur, allowing the system to do the work of an expert.Data changes will occur both to diseases, symptoms, solutions and rules, allowing the system to do the work of an expert. The results of manual calculations with the system gives results in accordance with the application of Dempster Shafer method. Management of rules in the database facilitates the search for symptoms within the system.

EXPERT SYSTEMS: A PRIMER

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Matthew N. O. Sadiku ◽  
Yonghui Wang ◽  
Suxia Cui ◽  
Sarhan M. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Human Expert ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Intelligent Computer

Expert systems are one of the most exciting and promising applications of computers. An expert system (ES) is an intelligent computer system that contains an organized body of knowledge and emulates an expert problem solving skills. It is designed to emulate the decision-making ability of a human expert. This paper provides a primer on expert systems, their features, applications, benefits, and challenges.

Building an Expert Critiquing System: ESSENTIAL-ATTENDING

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
System Building ◽  
Building System ◽  
Critiquing Systems

SummaryThis paper describes a “system-building system”, ESSENTIAL-ATTENDING (E-ATTEND-ING), designed to assist in the implementation of expert systems which critique a physician’s plan for patient care. E-ATTENDING has been refined during the implementation of several developmental critiquing systems and may be applied in areas of medical management, patient workup, and differential diagnosis. E-ATTENDING is currently designed to help implement a class of critiquing systems in a subset of possible critiquing domains. It can also be augmented in various ways by interested users to accommodate critiquing domains with more complexity.

Truth Matters: Cognitive Integrity as an Intervention for Self-Deception

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenia Isabel Gorlin ◽  
Michael W. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Empirical Validation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adaptive Problem

To live well in the present, we take direction from the past. Yet, individuals may engage in a variety of behaviors that distort their past and current circumstances, reducing the likelihood of adaptive problem solving and decision making. In this article, we attend to self-deception as one such class of behaviors. Drawing upon research showing both the maladaptive consequences and self-perpetuating nature of self-deception, we propose that self-deception is an understudied risk and maintaining factor for psychopathology, and we introduce a “cognitive-integrity”-based approach that may hold promise for increasing the reach and effectiveness of our existing therapeutic interventions. Pending empirical validation of this theoretically-informed approach, we posit that patients may become more informed and autonomous agents in their own therapeutic growth by becoming more honest with themselves.

scholarly journals HR Managers’ Emotions in Strategic Decision-Making Events: Evidence from Croatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
Marli Gonan Božac ◽  
Katarina Kostelić
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Human Resource Managers ◽  
Organizational Perspective ◽  
Hr Managers ◽  
Experienced Emotion

The inclusion of emotions in the strategic decision-making research is long overdue. This paper deals with the emotions that human resource managers experience when they participate in a strategic problem-solving event or a strategic planning event. We examine the patterns in the intensity of experienced emotions with regard to event appraisal (from a personal perspective and the organization’s perspective), job satisfaction, and coexistence of emotions. The results reveal that enthusiasm is the most intensely experienced emotion for positively appraised strategic decision-making events, while frustration is the most intensely experienced emotion for negatively appraised problem-solving events, as is disappointment for strategic planning. The distinction between a personal and organizational perspective of the event appraisal reveals differences in experienced emotions, and the intensity of experienced anger is the best indicator of the difference in the event appraisals from the personal and organizational perspective. Both events reveal the variety of involved emotions and the coexistence of—not just various emotions, but also emotions of different dominant valence. The findings indicate that a strategic problem-solving event triggers greater emotional turmoil than a strategic planning event. The paper also discusses theoretical and practical implications.

scholarly journals Nursing Home Staff’s Perceptions of Healthcare Decision Making for Unbefriended Residents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 384-384
Author(s):  
Hyejin Kim ◽  
Molly Perkins ◽  
Thaddeus Pope ◽  
Patricia Comer ◽  
Mi-Kyung Song
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Healthcare Decision ◽  
Do Not Resuscitate ◽  
Best Interest ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Healthcare Decision Making ◽  
Facility Level

Abstract ‘Unbefriended’ adults are those who lack decision-making capacity and have no surrogates or advance care plans. Little data exist on nursing homes (NHs)’ healthcare decision-making practices for unbefriended residents. This study aimed to describe NH staff’s perceptions of healthcare decision making on behalf of unbefriended residents. Sixty-six staff including administrators, physicians, nurses, and social workers from three NHs in one geographic area of Georgia, USA participated in a 31-item survey. Their responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis. Of 66 participants, eleven had been involved in healthcare decision-making for unbefriended residents. The most common decision was do-not-resuscitate orders. Decisions primarily were made by relying on the resident’s primary care physician and/or discussing within a facility interdisciplinary team. Key considerations in the decision-making process included “evidence that the resident would not have wanted further treatment” and the perception that “further treatment would not be in the resident’s best interest”. Compared with decision making for residents with surrogates, participants perceived decision making for unbefriended residents to be equally-more difficult. Key barriers to making decisions included uncertainty regarding what the resident would have wanted in the given situation and concerns regarding the ethically and legally right course of action. Facilitators (reported by 52 participants) included some information/knowledge about the resident, an understanding regarding decision-making-related law/policy, and facility-level support. The findings highlight the complexity and difficulty of healthcare decision making for unbefriended residents and suggest more discussions among all key stakeholders to develop practical strategies to support decision-making practices in NHs.

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