Is there no “I” in team? Potential bias in key informant interviews when asking individuals to represent a collective perspective

This paper sought to understand the extent to which, and how individuals use personal or collective language when asked to articulate sense of place from a collective perspective. Understanding a collective sense of place could illuminate place-based connections in natural resource industries, where it is as groups or as institutions that organizations interact with the environment rather than as individuals. While there are well known methods for collecting information about sense of place at the individual level, there is a gap in understanding the best method to collect information at a collective level. We examined the use of key-informant interviews as a method to understand collective sense of place. In Bocas del Toro, Panama, ecotourism and environmentally based organizations are becoming more prolific due to abundant natural resources, making it an interesting case study for understanding sense of place from an organizational perspective. The use of personal and collective language is examined though in-depth semi-structured interviews from 15 environmentally-oriented organizations with a total of 17 interviews. This study specifically examined whether and how key informants, when prompted to speak for their organization, spoke collectively, reflecting a collective perspective versus their own. Methods included both quantitative analysis of personal versus collective language use frequency, and qualitative examinations of how individuals used personal versus collective language. Our results indicated no difference in the frequency with which individuals use personal versus collective language. We found that how individuals situated their perspectives into an organization reflects a complex personal and collective point of view reflecting five themes of personal versus collective language use: 1) sole personal perspective, 2) sole collective perspective, 3) distinction between collective and personal perspective; 4) organization perspective with insertion of “I think”; and 5) personal and collective perspective about organization and greater community. Our research identifies a previously undiscussed potential bias of key informant interviews. These findings have implications for how researchers approach collecting information beyond the individual level.

Digital Storytelling: A Video-based Approach for Engaging University Students in Health Education

BACKGROUND: Digital stories are short videos that use narrative structures to address health outcomes from a personal perspective. AIM: The main objective of this study was to train university students to design a video-based health education program for promoting peer-to-peer education and community awareness. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. The study was conducted as a project for medical students, enrolled in the implementation of the Egyptian Youth Initiative (EYI), executed in response to the Government of Egypt- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) Country Program of Cooperation for 2016 - 2018. A four-day train-the-trainer workshop established for capacity building on DST and video communication. RESULTS: Between June 2017 and May 2018, 120 eligible students were enrolled, among whom median age was 21 years and 67 (55%) were female. Pre- and posttests detected increased percent change of students’ knowledge regarding different health issues. Open-ended questions highlighted pros and cons of the program, the most important skills and knowledge gained, suggestions and recommendations mentioned by the students to maximize the use of this type of workshops in the framework of strengthening and activating the initiative outcome. The trainer created a grading rubric to evaluate student’s video projects. CONCLUSION: The digital story is a lay method to capture meaningful, impactful stories that can be used to advocate for public health concerns and crises. The study highlights the need for high-quality research on the impact of DST in health professionals’ education and behaviors.

An Archive of Diaspora at the “Jerusalem on the Ohio”

This chapter introduces another model of total archives, Jacob Rader Marcus’s American Jewish Archives, founded in 1947 at Hebrew Union College in Cincinnati. The AJA offers a counterpart to the Jerusalem archives considered in chapter 2. In the course of his time directing the AJA, from 1947 to 1995, Marcus developed another type of total archive, but one that represented an ideal of diaspora and dispersion as Jewish values and archival virtues. The process of gathering archives to Cincinnati reflected Marcus’s personal perspective on the history of America’s Jews, in particular by looking at it from a western-hemisphere perspective, through his efforts to gather materials from the earliest Jewish settlements in the Caribbean and South America. In addition, he created an archive of copies, looking to gather as much as he could in duplicate rather than in the original.

Applied neuroscience in early childhood and high school education

Neuroeducation is a very complex practice that has allowed us to know how the human brain acts from its plasticity and wide synaptic connectivity, one of its important characteristics is that it acts cognitively and emotionally, strengthening the teaching-learning process from an early age. An analysis is made of the ideas that various authors have had in the application of neurosciences in the educational field. The objective of this work was to identify, through the interpretation of data, what was the contribution of neurosciences in children in initial and preparatory education of the Mathius Quintanilla Sierra Educational Unit, in the city of Portoviejo, as well as the methods, techniques and strategies used by teachers for the construction of knowledge. The methodology used was non-experimental, descriptive and explanatory, from which it was possible to analyze and understand the information raised by various authors from their professional and personal perspective.

Nurse Leader Breaks Through Glass Ceiling: Making History as First Air Force Nurse Major General (1999-2005)

ABSTRACT Introduction There is a gap in the nursing literature about the significant contributions of executive military nurse leaders to the advancement of nursing as a profession and into interprofessional leadership roles. Many executive military nurse leaders have demonstrated the value of nursing leadership in non-traditional roles and paved the way to expand the leadership opportunities for nurses who would follow. The purpose of this study is to explore the personal stories, experiences, leadership strategies, and lessons learned through the eyes of the first nurse to achieve the rank of Major General in the U.S. Air Force. Materials and Methods The oral history method guided the exploration of participant memories and experiences. In compliance with the Oral History Association guidelines, the investigator obtained Institution Review Board permission, informed consent, and audiotaped interviews. An expert panel provided feedback on the appropriate language use in semi-structured interview questions with Air Force nurse executives. The oral history method provided a framework for the semi-structured interview and analysis. Active listening techniques such as exploration, clarifying, and paraphrasing helped foster deep listening. A graduate research assistant transcribed the 4-hour interview verbatim. The primary investigator emailed a copy of the transcript to the participant to verify accuracy and clarify content. Analysis involved examination and interpretation of the professional, military, nursing, and participant’s personal perspective to enhance historical understanding. Three independent coders extracted prevalent themes and subthemes during analysis. Results Repetitive major themes of courage, figuring it out, and winning others over emerged during data analysis. The major theme of courage has corresponding subthemes of tenacity, risk-taking, and re-writing the narrative. The major theme of figuring it out has subthemes of optimism, creativity, connectedness, learning, and managing change. Lastly, the winning others over theme has subthemes of emotional intelligence, teamwork, role-model/mentor, and moving from outsider to insider. The leadership strategies of taking calculated risks while remaining calm, being open to opportunities that she had never considered, and spending time learning new skills contributed to repeated advancement into higher leadership positions not previously held by a nurse within the U.S. Air Force. Conclusion The interview is packed full of leadership lessons that are just as relative today as 20 years ago. This presentation will conclude with a discussion of the most effective leadership strategies, the lasting impact of the leadership accomplishments, and current implications for nurse leaders today.

Reviewing the place of migrants in disasters: a personal perspective

PurposeThe paper aims to call attention to issues that may be missing or taken for granted in discourses on migrants and disasters by applying the author’s viewpoint to reflect on gaps and potentials for disaster risk reduction.Design/methodology/approachThe author discusses key issues based on reflective engagement with selected secondary documentation in the form of grey and scholarly literature. Personal perspectives are engaged to develop arguments on intersections that are relevant to the migrant situation in different frameworks in disaster studies.FindingsWhile migrants are considered significant stakeholders in key global agreements on disaster and migration, encounters with disaster literature from a more localised level reveal how references to the migrant sector can be omitted or racialised. This gap can be filled by searching for documentation of migrant strengths and vulnerabilities. However, further reflection demonstrates how adopting broader perspectives can reveal these strengths and vulnerabilities as part of more appropriate and sustainable disaster risk reduction strategies. The paper also shows how such reflections can be led by insights from migrants themselves, not as subjects to be managed but as agents of their own change.Originality/valueThe paper is distinctive because it shows aspects of migrant strengths and disadvantages from a personal viewpoint. It amplifies less-heard perspectives on a conceptual level as well as in actual practice.

Recent Advances in C-F Bond Cleavage Enabled by Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis

The creation of new bonds via C-F bond cleavage of readily available per- or oligofluorinated compounds has received growing interest. Using such a strategy, a myriad of valuable partially fluorinated products can be prepared, which otherwise are difficult to make by the conventional C-F bond formation methods. Visible light photoredox catalysis has been proven as an important and powerful tool for defluorinative reactions due to its mild, easy to handle, and environmentally benign characteristics. Compared to the classical C-F activation that proceeds via two-electron processes, radicals are the key intermediates using visible light photoredox catalysis, providing new modes for the cleavage of C-F bonds. In this review, a summary of the visible light-promoted C-F bond cleavage since 2018 was presented. The contents were classified by the fluorosubstrates, including polyfluorinated arenes, gem-difluoroalkenes, trifluoromethyl arenes, and trifluoromethyl alkenes. An emphasis is placed on the discussion of the mechanisms and limitations of these reactions. Finally, my personal perspective on the future development of this rapidly emerging field was provided.