The “Agrarian Reformer” Myth

1968 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 66-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Shewmaker

Much nonsense has been written about the “agrarian reformer” myth. A retired American diplomat maintains that the agrarian reformer slogan was a clever artifice devised by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) to mask its intentions and affiliations. Allen Dulles, former director of the Central Intelligence Agency, has gone a step further. He contends that One of the most successful long-range political deceptions of the Communists convinced gullible people in the West before and during World War II that the Chinese people's movement was not Communistic, but a social and “agrarian” reform movement. This fiction was planted through Communist-influenced journalists in the Far East and penetrated organisations in the West.

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-225
Author(s):  
Da Lu

AbstractFollowing World War II, a series of Conferences were held among the great powers. Hungary, along with its neighboring countries, had to join the socialist bloc and transformed itself into a socialist system. The Communist Party adopted the communist Constitution as soon as they won the parliamentary election. In the Far East, the Chinese Communist Party also promulgated its Constitution after the first election of the National People’s Republic. In this article, the author will firstly examine how the Constitution adopted between China and Hungary followed by a comparative analysis of the two Constitutions will be employed. The author will give special attention on the text and structure of the Constitution in the respective countries. In the end, the relations with Soviet Union between China and Hungary influenced the two Constitutions will be considered.


Author(s):  

Рассматривается освещение событий антияпонской войны китайского народа (1937–1945 гг.) газетой Тихоокеанского флота «Боевая вахта» (г. Вла-дивосток). В это время Советский Союз предоставлял Китаю не только военную, материальную помощь, но и оказывал моральную поддержку, в том числе через средства массовой информации, рассказывая о национально-освободительной войне китайского народа. Отмечено, что во время войны Гоминьдан и Коммунистическая партия Китая создали антияпонский национальный единый фронт и объединились против японских захватчиков. Китайский народ мужественно боролся за свою свободу и национальную независимость. Газета высоко оценила деятельность Коммунистической партии Китая и её борьбу с японскими захватчиками в трудных условиях. Но во время антияпонской войны правительство Гоминьдана не отказывалось от антикоммунистической политики. Газета критиковала коррупцию в правительстве Гоминьдана и его неспособность вести активные действия в середине и конце войны; публиковала факты, как Ван Цзинвэй вступил в сговор с японскими захватчиками. 26 января 1940 г. «Боевая вахта» приводила текст соглашения, подписанного между Ван Цзинвэем и японцами. Подчёркивается, что газета «Боевая вахта» цитировала сообщения из китайских газет, то есть показывала дальневосточникам, как китайские газеты осуждают предательские действия марионеточного режима Ван Цзинвэя. «Боевая вахта» в подробностях сообщала также и о причинах, процессе и результате советско-японской войны – последних военных действиях в рамках Второй мировой войны. Ключевые слова: газета «Боевая вахта» (г. Владивосток), публикации, национально-освободительная война китайского народа, Гоминьдан, Коммунистическая партия Китая, Ван Цзинвэй, сговор с японскими захватчиками, марионеточный режим, советско-японская война, последние военные действиях в рамках Второй мировой войны. Abstract. The coverage of the main events of the anti-Japanese war of the Chinese people (1937–1945) by the Pacific Fleet newspaper Battle Watch (Vladivostok) is considered. At that time, the Soviet Union provided not only military and material assistance to China, but also provided moral support, including through the media, telling about the national liberation war of the Chinese people. It is noted that during the war the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party created an anti-Japanese national united front and united against the Japanese invaders. The Chinese people fought bravely for their freedom and national independence. The newspaper praised the activities of the Chinese Communist Party and its struggle with the Japanese invaders in difficult conditions. But during the anti-Japanese war, the Kuomintang government did not abandon anti-communist policies. The newspaper criticized corruption in the Kuomintang government and its inability to take active steps in the middle and end of the war; published the facts as Wang Jingwei colluded with the Japanese invaders. On January 26, 1940, Battle Watch cited the text of the agreement signed between Wang Jingwei and the Japanese. It is emphasized that the Battle Watch newspaper quoted messages from Chinese newspapers, that is, it showed the Far East how Chinese newspapers condemn the treacherous actions of the puppet regime of Wang Jingwei. The Battle Watch also reported in detail about the causes, process and result of the Soviet – Japanese war – the latest military operations in the framework of World War II. Keywords: Battle Watch newspaper (Vladivostok), publications, the national liberation war of the Chinese people, the Kuomintang, the Chinese Communist Party, Wang Jingwei, conspiracy with the Japanese invaders, puppet regime, the Soviet-Japanese war, recent military operations within World War II.


Author(s):  
Ilko Drenkov

Dr. Radan Sarafov (1908-1968) lived actively but his life is still relatively unknown to the Bulgarian academic and public audience. He was a strong character with an ulti-mate and conscious commitment to democratic Bulgaria. Dr. Sarafov was chosen by IMRO (Inner Macedonian Revolutionary Organization) to represent the idea of coop-eration with Anglo-American politics prior to the Second World War. Dr. Sarafov studied medicine in France, specialized in the Sorbonne, and was recruited by Colonel Ross for the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), remaining undisclosed after the with-drawal of the British legation in 1941. After World War II, he continued to work for foreign intelligence and expanded the spectrum of cooperation with both France and the United States. After WWII, Sarafov could not conform to the reign of the communist regime in Bulgaria. He made a connection with the Anglo-American intelligence ser-vices and was cooperating with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for more than a decade. Sarafov was caught in 1968 and convicted by the Committee for State Securi-ty (CSS) in Bulgaria. The detailed review of the past events and processes through personal drama and commitment reveals the disastrous core of the communist regime. The acknowledgment of the people who sacrificed their lives in the name of democrat-ic values is always beneficial for understanding the division and contradictions from the time of the Cold War.


2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Sergey Radchenko

Andrei Ledovskii, a long-time Soviet diplomat with a particular expertise on East Asian affairs, and several other Russian specialists on Soviet policy in the Far East have published a massive collection of declassified documents about Soviet policy vis-à-vis China in the first five years after World War II. The authors seek to show that the Communist victory in the Chinese civil war was attributable to Soviet fraternal help, that Josif Stalin wholeheartedly embraced the Chinese Communists' struggle for power, and that the Sino-Soviet alliance from beginning to end enjoyed unstinting Soviet support. But in fact the documents reveal that Stalin's policy toward the Chinese Communists was opportunistic and utilitarian, that he refrained from decisively supporting the Communists in the Civil War until almost the end, and that all the talk of proletarian internationalism in the Sino-Soviet alliance was but a cloak for Soviet expansionist ambitions in East Asia.


Author(s):  
Dinh Thi Trinh

The outbreak and warfare activities of World War II unintendedly forced Australia to re-orient their security and defense thinking. Having realized that the British security environment and that of their own were far diverged from each other, Australia began to re-orient their priority in foreign policy from European issues to East Asian ones. For the Bristish, East Asia is the Far East but in Australia’s new perspective it is the Near North; thus, the security matters in East Asia are closely linked with Australian national interests. Australian independent diplomacy has been shaped during the course following their re-orienting foreign and security thinking to East Asia. This paper examines the re-orienting of Australia’s strategic thinking from Europecentered problems to Asia-centered ones as well as changing orientation towards ‘Asia’ and ‘Asian engagement’. It also argues that since it had formed, Australia’s Asia-oriented foreign policy, despite minor constraints, has been continuously developed until today.


Author(s):  
Edith Olmsted

Helen Hall (1892–1982) was a Henry Street Settlement house leader, social reformer, and consumer advocate. She served with the American Red Cross in France during and after World War I and in the Far East during World War II.


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