A dual method in the calculation of homogenisation and applications

SynopsisWe give a new method for calculating the Γ-limit functional encountered in the problems of homogenisation. We use the Legendre–Lagrange transform in the convex analysis and regularisation method to obtain the explicit expression of the Γ-limit functional. The result can be applied to some nonlocal function spaces.

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New method for determining correction factors for pin-in-paste solder volumes

Soldering & Surface Mount Technology ◽

10.1108/ssmt-11-2016-0032 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 2-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Oliver Krammer ◽

Bertalan Varga ◽

Karel Dušek

Keyword(s):

Explicit Expression ◽

Cross Sections ◽

New Method ◽

Solder Paste ◽

Correction Factors ◽

Surface Evolver ◽

Volume Calculation ◽

Content Type ◽

The Common ◽

Approach Zero

Purpose This paper aims to present a new method to calculate the appropriate volume of solder paste necessary for the pin-in-paste (PIP) technology. By the aid of this volume calculation, correction factors have been determined, which can be used to correct the solder fillet volume obtained by an explicit expression. Design/methodology/approach The method is based on calculating the optimal solder fillet shape and profile for through-hole (TH) components with given geometrical sizes. To calculate this optimal shape of the fillet, a script was written in Surface Evolver. The volume calculations were performed for different fillet radiuses (0.4-1.2 mm) and for different component lead geometries (circular and square cross-sections). Finally, the volume obtained by the Evolver calculations was divided by the volume obtained by an explicit expression, and correction factors were determined for the varying parameters. Findings The results showed that the explicit expression underestimates the fillet volume necessary for the PIP technology significantly (15-35 per cent). The correction factors for components with circular leads ranged between 1.4 and 1.59, whereas the correction factors for square leads ranged between 1.1 and 1.27. Applying this correction can aid in depositing the appropriate solder paste volume for TH components. Originality/value Determining the correct volume of solder paste necessary for the PIP technology is crucial to eliminate the common soldering failure of TH components (e.g. voiding or non-wetted solder pads). The explicit expression, which is widely used for volume calculation in this field, underestimates the necessary volume significantly. The new method can correct this estimation, and can aid the industry to approach zero-defect manufacturing in the PIP technology.

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Towards a Bilingual Binational Translation Method: The Amputated Tongue Collection of Short Stories as a Sample

International Journal of Linguistics Literature & Translation ◽

10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.12.15 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (12) ◽

pp. 132-145

Author(s):

Rawiya Burbara

Keyword(s):

Short Stories ◽

Cultural Knowledge ◽

The Other ◽

New Method ◽

Arabic Literature ◽

Translation Method ◽

Dual Method ◽

Culture Heritage ◽

Points Of View ◽

The Right

Translators and writers are divided into two main groups regarding the method of translation that should be adopted in translating texts. One group believes that the translator should be true to the translated text, while the other group believes that the translator has the right to recreate the text into a more beautiful one. This study deals with this issue from these two points of view and tries to answer the following questions: Why do we translate? What should we translate? How do we translate? The study relies on an innovative translation method developed by the Board of Maktoub Project for Translation that belongs to Van Leer Institute in Jerusalem to answer these questions. A group of about one hundred Arab and Jewish translators translated Arabic literature texts into Hebrew in an internationally new method, which is neither individual nor collective. It is a bilingual binational method. The translators consist of pairs of a Jewish or/and Arab translator, an Arab/or Jewish literary editor, and a linguistic editor, believing that translation is a text and culture, heritage, and traditions of a people or nation. This dual method gave the translated text its right of accuracy after it had been translated by one translator who can make mistakes due to his ignorance of the writer's culture. The study's conclusion confirms that bilingual binational translation is more fruitful and more accurate because it is based on dialogue, bilingual, and binational cultural knowledge.

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Proposal of the Dichotomous STATIS DUAL Method: Software and Application for the Analysis of Dichotomous Data, Applied to the Test of Learning Styles in University Students

Mathematics ◽

10.3390/math9212797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (21) ◽

pp. 2797

Author(s):

Victoria I. Ballesteros-Espinoza ◽

Miguel Rodríguez-Rosa ◽

Ana B. Sánchez-García ◽

Purificación Vicente-Galindo

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Method ◽

Learning Styles ◽

University Students ◽

New Method ◽

Dual Method ◽

Dichotomous Data ◽

Assessment Of Learning ◽

Stable Part

The present work analyzed a review of methods for analyzing sequences of matrices or dichotomous data. A new method for a sequence of dichotomous matrices with a different number of rows is presented; the Dichotomous STATIS DUAL. Suppose we match the sequence of matrices by different years, with this method. In that case, we can graphically represent the relations among the different columns of all the matrices, and the relations between those columns and the different years, because everything can be represented in the same plots. As in all STATIS methods, three different plots can get: (i) the interstructure, with the relations among the years; (ii) the compromise, with the stable part of the relations between the columns; and (iii) the intrastructure (also known as trajectories), with the relations between columns and years, in other words, the evolution of the columns through the time. This new mathematical method can be used with all kinds of dichotomous data, thanks to the software we propose. In the present work, the software was applied to the assessment of learning styles.

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Selective Sampling and Orientation of Non-Homogeneous Tissues

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100100238 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 98-99

Author(s):

C. C. Clawson ◽

L. W. Anderson ◽

R. A. Good

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Random Sampling ◽

New Method ◽

Microscope Examination ◽

Small Areas ◽

Selective Sampling ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Specific Orientation

Investigations which require electron microscope examination of a few specific areas of non-homogeneous tissues make random sampling of small blocks an inefficient and unrewarding procedure. Therefore, several investigators have devised methods which allow obtaining sample blocks for electron microscopy from region of tissue previously identified by light microscopy of present here techniques which make possible: 1) sampling tissue for electron microscopy from selected areas previously identified by light microscopy of relatively large pieces of tissue; 2) dehydration and embedding large numbers of individually identified blocks while keeping each one separate; 3) a new method of maintaining specific orientation of blocks during embedding; 4) special light microscopic staining or fluorescent procedures and electron microscopy on immediately adjacent small areas of tissue.

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