Milk production of ewes rearing single and twin lambs at two times of year and associated plasma insulin, prolactin and blood metabolite concentrations

1984 ◽  
Vol 1984 ◽  
pp. 14-14
Author(s):  
J. Bass ◽  
J.M. Doney ◽  
S.M. Rhind
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Blood Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
Endocrine Status

While the functions of many hormones controlling milk production are known, there is little information concerning the inter-relationships between different hormones and between hormones and blood metabolites. The aim of this work was to investigate milk production, endocrine status and associated nutrient partitioning throughout lactation, in Greyface ewes rearing either single or twin lambs. Experiments were performed with ewes lambing in January and April. The seasonal differences in prolactin concentrations permits investigation of the importance of differences in concentrations of this hormone in the control of nutrient partitioning and milk production.

Biochemical and physiological responses to metabolic stimuli in Friesian calves of differing genetic merit for milk production

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Sinnett-Smith ◽  
J. Slee ◽  
J. A. Woolliams
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Sodium Propionate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Serum Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Blood Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Serial Blood Sampling

ABSTRACTChanges in blood metabolite and insulin concentrations in response to metabolic stimuli were evaluated as potential predictors of dairy merit. Calves of high or low genetic merit for milk production were subjected to the stress of: simulated feeds by injection of sodium propionate (0·5 mmol/kg body weight), a short fast and short-term cold exposure. Responses of insulin, free fatty acids, urea, glucose and D-β-hydroxybutyrate were determined by serial blood sampling.Injections of sodium propionate did not greatly affect blood metabolite concentrations but did sharply increase insulin concentrations; no difference in response between high and low lines was observed. During fasting serum free fatty acid and D-β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were greatly increased but no variation due to line was observed. Urea concentrations were also greatly increased during fasting and in this case animals of high dairy merit showed a considerably smaller increase than animals of low dairy merit. Heart rates decreased by one-third during the fast but no variation due to line was apparent;during refeeding high dairy-merit animals had lower heart rates than low-merit animals.Short-term cold exposure did not significantly alter plasma insulin or metabolite concentrations.These results are discussed in relation to previous findings and it is concluded that serum urea concentrations during a fast may provide the basis for a useful and robust predictor of dairy merit in young animals.

scholarly journals Effect of precalving and postcalving dietary energy level on performance and blood metabolite concentrations of dairy cows throughout lactation

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 808-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Law ◽  
F.J. Young ◽  
D.C. Patterson ◽  
D.J. Kilpatrick ◽  
A.R.G. Wylie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Blood Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations

scholarly journals Changes in African Elephant (Loxodonta africana) faecal steroid concentrations post-defaecation

Bothalia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith T. Webber ◽  
Michelle D. Henley ◽  
Yolanda Pretorius ◽  
Michael J. Somers ◽  
Andre Ganswindt
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Loxodonta Africana ◽  
African Elephant ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Sun And Shade

Background: Faecal hormone metabolite measurement is a widely used tool for monitoring reproductive function and response to stressors in wildlife. Despite many advantages of this technique, the delay between defaecation, sample collection and processing may influence steroid concentrations, as faecal bacterial enzymes can alter steroid composition post-defaecation.Objectives: This study investigated changes in faecal glucocorticoid (fGCM), androgen (fAM) and progestagen (fPM) metabolite concentrations in faeces of a male and female African elephant (Loxodonta africana) post-defaecation and the influence of different faeces-drying regimes.Method: Subsamples of fresh faeces were frozen after being dried in direct sun or shade for 6, 20, 24, 48 and 72 h and 7 and 34 days. A subset of samples for each sex was immediately frozen as controls. Faecal hormone metabolite concentrations were determined using enzyme immunoassays established for fGCM, fAM and fPM monitoring in male and female African elephants.Results: Hormone metabolite concentrations of all three steroid classes were stable at first, but changed distinctively after 20 h post-defaecation, with fGCM concentrations decreasing over time and fPM and fAM concentrations steadily increasing. In freeze-dried faeces fGCM concentrations were significantly higher than respective concentrations in sun-dried material, which were in turn significantly higher than fGCM concentrations in shade-dried material. In contrast, fAM concentrations were significantly higher in sun- and shade-dried faeces compared to freeze-dried faeces. Higher fPM concentrations were also found in air-dried samples compared to lyophilised faeces, but the effect was only significant for sun-dried material.Conclusion: The revealed time restriction for collecting faecal material for hormone monitoring from elephants in the wild should be taken into account to assure reliable and comparable results. However, if logistics allow a timely collection, non-invasive hormone measurement remains a powerful and reliable approach to provide information about an elephant’s endocrine status.

Rice water in feeding of Holstein dairy cattle

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 154-154
Author(s):  
Teimouri Yansari A. ◽  
R. Valizadeh ◽  
A. Nasserian
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Rice Water

Nearly 2.4 million tons of rice is consumed by Iranian(37kg/person/year). Generally, in rice cocking process the grain is boiled and drained and a large volume of rice water is produced. Rice water is content of 5%DM, 0.43% CP, 3.75% NFE and almost 2 Mcal/KgDM gross energy. This liquid as a product of drained processing can be utilized in animal feeding (Valizadeh et al. 2000). Two studies carried out to evaluated the differences levels of rice water and its effects on milk production, rumen and blood metabolites of dairy cows.

Effects of 9,10 anthraquinone on ruminal fermentation, total-tract digestion, and blood metabolite concentrations in sheep1

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Kung ◽  
K. A. Smith ◽  
A. M. Smagala ◽  
K. M. Endres ◽  
C. A. Bessett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Blood Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations

THE RESPONSE OF PLASMA INSULIN AND OTHER HORMONES TO INTRARUMINAL INFUSION OF VFA MIXTURES IN CATTLE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 304-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. BINES ◽  
I. C. HART
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Hormone ◽  
Major Reduction

A VFA mixture was formulated which, when infused into the rumen, duplicated the effects on plasma hormone and metabolite concentrations of feeding a hay and grain ration. When VFA were omitted serially from the mixture, only omission of propionate resulted in a major reduction in insulin concentration. Key words: Cattle, insulin, VFA

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