V.—Secular Changes of Rock Temperature. Note on Dr Whipple's Paper

1932 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
R. W. Wrigley
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Secular Changes ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Rock Temperature ◽  
Temperature Observations

The data which are available do not seem very suitable for Dr Whipple's method of analysis. As explained in my original paper, the groups into which the rock-temperature observations were divided depended entirely upon the method adopted to get rid of the effect of variations of air temperature at the surface, and the resulting means were for dates which had no connection with the long-period temperature fluctuations which were later disclosed. A series of observations extending over nearly a hundred years was thus reduced down to eight mean temperatures for periods of various lengths.

IV.—A Note on the Secular Changes of Rock Temperature on the Calton Hill

1932 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
F. J. W. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Secular Changes ◽  
Rock Temperature ◽  
The Mean

1. The observations of rock temperature on the Calton Hill have recently been analysed by Mr R. W. Wrigley, with a view to the discovery of changes going on gradually and independent of weather conditions. Mr Wrigley took groups of years, such that the mean air temperature was the same for each group, and found the mean rock temperature for like periods. He trusted that in this way he would be able “to get rid of the surface temperature variations.” The result of the calculations was that for different periods in which the mean air temperature was the same the temperature of the rock might vary by half a degree Fahrenheit. The rock temperature had a maximum about 1856, fell until 1892, and rose after that date.

scholarly journals Note on sea temperatures in the English Channel, 1921 to 1949, and Plymouth sunshine and light

1952 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. G. Atkins ◽  
Pamela G. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
English Channel ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Sea Temperature ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Temperature Observations ◽  
Temperature Depth

International hydrographic station England no. 1 (EI) has been visited regularly for many years, and since 1921 the periods have been (nominally) once a month, or more frequently. Much work has been done on the plankton and chemical changes in the water, but no biological use has been made of the temperature-depth observations, which are primarily of hydrographic importance. The aim of this paper is to render the sea-temperature observations over this long period readily available and to place beside them observations on air temperature, sunshine and light. Such comparisons may be expected to give information upon the causes of variations in temperature, but the adequate investigation of this very difficult problem is outside the scope of this note. The subject is worthy of fuller treatment on the lines suggested by Harvey (1925), based on data for the years 1921 to 1924, and has been considered on broad lines by Sverdrup, Johnson and Fleming (1942).

The Effect of Bagnold Dunes Slopes on the Short Timescale Air Temperature Fluctuations at Gale Crater on Mars

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (21) ◽  
pp. 11,588-11,594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Miller ◽  
Manuel de la Torre Juárez ◽  
Leslie Tamppari
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Gale Crater ◽  
Short Timescale

scholarly journals Thermal history and comfort in a Brazilian subtropical climate: a 'cool' addiction hypothesis

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata De Vecchi ◽  
Christhina Maria Cândido ◽  
Roberto Lamberts
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal History ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Indoor Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Currently, there is a rising trend for commercial buildings to use air conditioning to provide indoor thermal comfort. This paper focuses on the impact of prolonged exposure to indoor air-conditioned environments on occupants' thermal acceptability and preferences in a mixed-mode building in Brazil. Questionnaires were administered while indoor microclimatic measurements were carried out (i.e., air temperature, radiant air temperature, air speed and humidity). Results suggest significant differences in occupants' thermal acceptability and cooling preferences based on thermal history; differences were found between groups based on different physical characteristics (i.e., different gender and body condition). The findings also indicated a significant potential to implement temperature fluctuations indoors when occupants are exposed to air conditioning environments in warm and humid climates.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Response of Vegetation to Rainfall and Temperature fluctuations in the Sahel. Case study in the Forest Reserve of Fina, Mali

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karamoko Sanogo ◽  
Birhanu B. Zemadim ◽  
Souleymane Sanogo ◽  
Ashatu Abdulkadiri ◽  
Abdramane BA
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Vegetation Response ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Climate Fluctuation ◽  
Spatiotemporal Response

Forests constitute a key component of the Earth system but the sustainability of the forest reserves in the semi-arid zone is a real concern since its vegetation is very sensitive to the climate fluctuation. The understanding of the mechanisms for the interaction vegetation-climate is poorly studied in the context of African Sahel. In this study, the characteristics of the vegetation response to the fluctuations of precipitation and temperature is determined for the forest reserve of Fina. Rainfall estimates, air temperature and NDVI are used to establish the lag correlations between fluctuations of vegetation and climate variables at both seasonal and interannual bases. Results shows increasing tendency of NDVI started from the 1990s coinciding the recovery of the rainfall from the 1980s drought and the obtained correlation(r=0.66) is statistically significant (pvalue<0.01). The strongest responses of vegetation to rainfall and temperature fluctuations were found after 30 and 15 days, respectively. Moreover, at shorter time lag (e.g. 15 days) more pronounced vegetation responses to both rainfall and temperature were found in agricultural dominated land while at longer time lag (e.g. 30 days) stronger response was observed in Bare dominated land. The vegetation response to the climate fluctuation is modulated by the land use/cover dynamics. Keywords: NDVI, Rainfall, Air temperature, vegetation response, Fina Forest Reserve, Mali.

scholarly journals Long-period changes of the air temperature in Tatarstan and their forecast till the end of the 21st century

2019 ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Yuri P. Perevedentsev ◽  
Konstantin M. Shantalinskii ◽  
Boris G. Sherstukov ◽  
Alexander A. Nikolaev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Ocean Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Earth

Long-term changes in air temperature on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan in the 20th–21st centuries are considered. The periods of unambiguous changes in the surface air temperature are determined. It is established that the average winter temperature from the 1970s to 2017, increased in the Kazan region by more than 3 °C and the average summer temperature increased by about 2 °C over the same period. The contribution of global scale processes to the variability of the temperature of the Kazan region is shown: it was 37 % in winter, 23 % in summer. The correlation analysis of the anomalies of average annual air temperature in Kazan and the series of air temperature anomalies in each node over the continents, as well as the ocean surface temperature in each coordinate node on Earth for 1880 –2017, was performed. Long-distance communications were detected in the temperature field between Kazan and remote regions of the Earth. It is noted that long-period climate fluctuations in Kazan occur synchronously with fluctuations in the high latitudes of Asia and North America, with fluctuations in ocean surface temperature in the Arctic ocean, with fluctuations in air temperature in the Far East, and with fluctuations in ocean surface temperature in the Southern hemisphere in the Indian and Pacific oceans, as well as air temperature in southern Australia. It is suggested that there is a global mechanism that regulates long-term climate fluctuations throughout the Earth in the considered interval of 200 years of observations. According to the CMIP5 project, climatic scenarios were built for Kazan until the end of the 21st century.

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