scholarly journals Method for prediction of ship traffic behaviour and encounter frequency

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Hiroko Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
Temporal Restriction ◽  
Sea Area

Abstract The design of new rules on seaways, such as traffic restrictions, requires determining the degree of improvement in marine traffic safety beforehand by considering the occurrence of new hazardous factors. This study proposes a method to predict the future traffic behaviour and ship encounter frequency (EF) with the introduction of a new traffic rule. First, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the factors affecting the EF. A method of predicting future traffic behaviour and EF is presented based on the analysis of changes in the traffic flow in an area with a temporal restriction. Results show that the method appropriately predicts the location and degree of the occurrence of encounters in the sea area. The proposed method contributes to the discussion of future traffic safety, when sailing in a specific area is restricted by new regulations, installations of new offshore wind farms and fishing reefs.

Operational offshore wind farms and associated ship traffic cause profound changes in distribution patterns of Loons (Gavia spp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 429-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Mendel ◽  
Philipp Schwemmer ◽  
Verena Peschko ◽  
Sabine Müller ◽  
Henriette Schwemmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Ship Traffic

scholarly journals Research on Operation Safety of Offshore Wind Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 881
Author(s):  
Junmin Mou ◽  
Xuefei Jia ◽  
Pengfei Chen ◽  
Linying Chen
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farm ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Blade Failure

The operation of offshore wind farms is characterized by a complicated operational environment, long project cycle, and complex vessel traffic, which lead to safety hazards. To identify the key factors affecting the operational safety of offshore wind farms, the risk characteristics of offshore wind farm operations are analyzed based on comprehensive identification of hazards and risk assessment theory. A systematic fault tree analysis of the offshore wind farm operation is established. The assessment shows that the key risk factors that induce offshore wind power collapse, corrosion, fire, lightning strikes, blade failure, personal injury, ship collision, and submarine cable damage accidents are gale, untimely overhauling, improper fire stopping methods, high average number of thunderstorm days, the loose internal structure of fan, working at height, collision avoidance failure, and insufficient buried depth of cables.

The Study on the Reliability of the Collection System of the Offshore Wind Farms Considering the Electrical Faults and Switchgear Configurations

2012 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren Shen Tan ◽  
Ping Yang ◽  
Peng He
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farm ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Comprehensive Reliability

With the rapid development of the offshore wind power, the design of the collection system for offshore wind farms attracts widespread attentions. In this paper, on the basis of analyzing the connection property and switchgear configurations of collection systems of offshore wind farms, a comprehensive reliability assessment model and the corresponding calculation method for the traditional switchgear configuration and the complete switchgear configuration are proposed. Taking an actual planned offshore wind farm for example, the reliability of two switchgear configurations are evaluated, and the sensitivity analyses on factors affecting the reliability of the wind farms such as the failure rate and MTTR of the cables and switchgears are performed. The result shows that the complete switchgear configuration is the better choice for offshore wind farms considering reliability indexes.

Assessment of the Influence of Offshore Wind Farms on Ship Traffic Flow Based on AIS Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Yu ◽  
Kezhong Liu ◽  
A.P. Teixeira ◽  
C. Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Ship Traffic ◽  
Maritime Traffic ◽  
Before And After

This paper proposes a framework to assess the influence of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) on maritime traffic flow based on raw Automatic Identification System (AIS) data collected before and after the installation of the offshore wind turbines. The framework includes modules for data acquisition, data filtering and statistical analysis. The statistical analysis characterises the influence of an OWF on maritime traffic in terms of minimum passing distances and lateral distribution of the ship trajectories near the OWF. The framework is applied to a specific route for which AIS data is available before and after an OWF installation. The impacts of the OWF on marine traffic are diverse and depend on the ship type categories. This paper quantitatively characterises an OWF's influence on a specific route that is probabilistically modelled, which is important for further studies on OWF site selection and maritime traffic risk assessment and management.

Disturbance of harbour porpoises during construction of the first seven offshore wind farms in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 596 ◽  
pp. 213-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Brandt ◽  
AC Dragon ◽  
A Diederichs ◽  
MA Bellmann ◽  
V Wahl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

Feasibility study for the installation of offshore wind farms in the Canary Islands

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (07) ◽  
pp. 809-813
Author(s):  
M. Martínez ◽  
A. Pulido ◽  
J. Romero ◽  
N. Angulo ◽  
F. Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms

scholarly journals Offshore wind farms and the attraction–production hypothesis: insights from a combination of stomach content and stable isotope analyses

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninon Mavraki ◽  
Steven Degraer ◽  
Jan Vanaverbeke
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stomach Content ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Dietary Composition ◽  
Trachurus Trachurus ◽  
Offshore Wind Farms ◽  
Scomber Scombrus ◽  
Isotope Analyses

AbstractOffshore wind farms (OWFs) act as artificial reefs, attracting high abundances of fish, which could potentially increase their local production. This study investigates the feeding ecology of fish species that abundantly occur at artificial habitats, such as OWFs, by examining the short- and the long-term dietary composition of five species: the benthopelagic Gadus morhua and Trisopterus luscus, the pelagic Scomber scombrus and Trachurus trachurus, and the benthic Myoxocephalus scorpioides. We conducted combined stomach content and stable isotope analyses to examine the short- and the time-integrated dietary composition, respectively. Our results indicated that benthopelagic and benthic species utilize artificial reefs, such as OWFs, as feeding grounds for a prolonged period, since both analyses indicated that they exploit fouling organisms occurring exclusively on artificial hard substrates. Trachurus trachurus only occasionally uses artificial reefs as oases of highly abundant resources. Scomber scombrus does not feed on fouling fauna and therefore its augmented presence in OWFs is probably related to reasons other than the enhanced food availability. The long-termed feeding preferences of benthic and benthopelagic species contribute to the hypothesis that the artificial reefs of OWFs could potentially increase the fish production in the area. However, this was not supported for the pelagic species.

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