Establishing Spartina alterniflora Marsh in North Carolina

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest D. Seneca ◽  
Stephen W. Broome ◽  
William W. Woodhouse ◽  
Leon M. Cammen ◽  
Joseph T. Lyon
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Natural Marsh ◽  
The North ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Sediment Carbon

Spartina alterniflora salt-marsh has been established from seed and transplants on dredged materials and sandy shorelines along the North Carolina coast. Transplants were more successful than seeding over a greater portion of the intertidal range and under more rigorous environmental conditions, but seeding was successful in the upper half of protected sites. Seeding at the rate of 100 viable seeds per square metre from April through May can result in complete vegetational coverage by the end of the first growing-season. At the end of the second growing-season, above-ground biomass accumulation from seeding approached that produced by transplants which had originally been planted on a 0.9-metre centre. Both above-ground and below-ground production of planted marsh compared well with values for these components in natural marshes. There were no differences in production by epiphytes between planted and natural S. alterniflora marsh at two different locations. Faunal production in the upper 13 cm of sediment was significantly less in planted than in natural marsh, and where marsh plants accumulated sediments, faunal numbers and biomass were less in planted than in unplanted areas. Sediment carbon content indicated that 4 to 25 years might be required for a newly-planted marsh to resemble a natural marsh.Based on our studies, the techniques developed to plant S. alterniflora on dredged material and along sandy shorelines can be employed to initiate new and functional salt-marsh where none existed previously. The length of time required for man-initiated marsh to resemble natural marsh depends upon how closely the new substrate resembles natural marsh in the type of sediment accumulated, in the elevation of the new substrate, in the natural sedimentation rate in the area, and in the relative maturity of the natural marsh system.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Diazotroph Diversity in the Rhizosphere of the Smooth Cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora

2000 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 3814-3822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Lovell ◽  
Yvette M. Piceno ◽  
Joseph M. Quattro ◽  
Christopher E. Bagwell
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Smooth Cordgrass ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Dgge Band ◽  
The North ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT N2 fixation by diazotrophic bacteria associated with the roots of the smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, is an important source of new nitrogen in many salt marsh ecosystems. However, the diversity and phylogenetic affiliations of these rhizosphere diazotrophs are unknown. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of PCR-amplified nifH sequence segments was used in previous studies to examine the stability and dynamics of the Spartina rhizosphere diazotroph assemblages in the North Inlet salt marsh, near Georgetown, S.C. In this study, plugs were taken from gel bands from representative DGGE gels, thenifH amplimers were recovered and cloned, and their sequences were determined. A total of 59 sequences were recovered, and the amino acid sequences predicted from them were aligned with sequences from known and unknown diazotrophs in order to determine the types of organisms present in the Spartina rhizosphere. We recovered numerous sequences from diazotrophs in the γ subdivision of the division Proteobacteria(γ-Proteobacteria) and from various anaerobic diazotrophs. Diazotrophs in the α-Proteobacteria were poorly represented. None of the Spartina rhizosphere DGGE band sequences were identical to any known or previously recovered environmental nifH sequences. TheSpartina rhizosphere diazotroph assemblage is very diverse and apparently consists mainly of unknown organisms.

Above-ground Production of Marsh Cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) Near the Northern End of its Range

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Hatcher ◽  
K. H. Mann
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Average Biomass

In Petpeswick Inlet, Nova Scotia, the above-ground portion of Spartina alterniflora lost an estimated 152 g dry weight m−2 of dead leaves during the growing season and reached an average biomass of 558 g dry weight m−2 at the end of the growing season. The total production of 710 g dry weight is higher than that recorded at many sites between Nova Scotia and North Carolina, in spite of the fact that in Nova Scotia the species is near the northern end of its range.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF 2019 RAINFALL EFFECTS ON URMIA LAKE SURFACE AND EXTRACTION OF LAKE SHORELINE CHANGES AND COMPARISON WITH THE PREVIOUS DECADE USING REMOTE SENSING IMAGES AND GIS

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 759-766
Author(s):  
Z. B. Shandi ◽  
H. Helali
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Urmia Lake ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The North ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Landsat Satellite ◽  
In The Beginning

Abstract. Urmia Lake has experienced many fluctuations during recent decades, which played a key role in the socio-economic changes in the north-western part of Iran. Consequently, socio-economic planning and land management around the lake require anticipation of changes’ trend. In this paper, regarding continual rainfall in the beginning of 2019, shoreline and water level changes of this lake have been studied and compared to the previous decade. To this aim, Landsat satellite imagery (Oli, ETM and TM sensors’ images) was used to extract NDWI index by using Green and NIR bands. The results of this study showed that Urmia Lake has declined over the past ten years and reached its lowest level in the year 2015. However, due to rainfall of 2019, these changes have had ascending trend which made water area equal to the situation in 2010. It, also was observed that similar to the trend of water level, the shoreline has progressed toward the Lake from the east and the south and become salt marsh. But, the West and the North parts have not changed significantly. Then, in 2019 salt marsh lands have been submerged once again, and the vast eastern island, which was completely blended in with the surrounding lands, returned to its previous state, the peninsula. In addition, considering the trend of rainfall and Lake’s restoring activities, the minimum and maximum time required to reach the area in 2010 were estimated 23 and 38 years respectively, assuming the volume of precipitation remains constant and the reduction of these activities at a constant rate.

Comparison of Production Computation Methods in a Southeastern North Carolina Spartina alterniflora Salt Marsh

Estuaries ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale M. Shew ◽  
Rick A. Linthurst ◽  
Ernest D. Seneca
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Spartina Alterniflora

Determining the Best Method for Measuring No-Passing Zones

2000 ◽  
Vol 1701 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard L. Brown ◽  
Joseph E. Hummer
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Horizontal Curve ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The North ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
The One ◽  
Time Required ◽  
And Training

The objective of this study was to develop and test a suitable method for measuring passing sight distance on two-lane, two-way highways by using one person and vehicle. A literature review and contacts with state department of transportation (DOT) engineers revealed a number of current methods, and the research team developed several new methods. However, many of the current and new methods had problems that precluded agencies from using them. Five promising methods remained for an experiment testing their accuracy relative to the slow but trust-worthy walking method: the two-vehicle method, which is the most popular method used by state DOTs, a one-vehicle method used in a few divisions of the North Carolina DOT, a new laser rangefinder method, a new optical rangefinder method, and a new speed and distance method. The experiment provided data at 20 horizontal curve sites and 20 hill sites, equally split between the piedmont and mountain regions of North Carolina. The researchers recorded the time required to perform each method and also considered equipment costs, conservatism, and training needs. On the basis of these factors, the researchers recommend that highway agencies use the one-vehicle method to measure passing sight distance in most cases. The one-vehicle method was generally more accurate than the two-vehicle method, and it was superior to the new methods in several important ways.

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