The vegetation of granite rock outcrops in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and the need for its protection

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGIO TADEU MEIRELLES ◽  
VÂNIA REGINA PIVELLO ◽  
CARLOS ALFREDO JOLY
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
South American ◽  
Rock Outcrop ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Granite Rock ◽  
Gneiss Granite ◽  
High Beta

Rock outcrop communities usually receive very little attention from scientists and environmentalists. We examined the vegetation occurring in eight gneiss-granite rock outcrops at Rio de Janeiro State (Brazilian Atlantic coast) which exists in natural associations on soil islands. A total of 86 vascular plant species, belonging to 30 families, was found on 347 soil islands. Bromeliaceae, Asteraceae and Velloziaceae species were the most frequent plants, many of them endemic to these habitats. Ordination and cluster analyses using species frequency on each site made evident some major distinctions related to local influences, most probably the proximity to the sea. Each outcrop presented high values of the Shannon-Wiener index of species diversity. Species richness was very dependent on the total area, and high beta diversity was observed amongst sites. Similarities with the South American and African rock-outcrop communities were found. Despite their uniqueness as habitats, their possession of several endemic species and the fragility of the ecosystem involved, Brazilian rock outcrops are not protected by specific environmental legislation and we propose urgent actions for their protection.

A new species of Dichelyne (Nematoda, Cucullanidae) parasitizing sciaenid fishes from off the South American Atlantic coast

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Timi ◽  
Ana Lanfranchi ◽  
Luiz Tavares ◽  
José Luque
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
South American ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Pacific Waters ◽  
A New Species

AbstractA new nematode species Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) sciaenidicola sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected from the Whitemouth croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest) and the Argentine croaker Umbrina canosai Berg, from coastal waters of Argentina and Brazil. These nematodes were firstly identified as D. (C.) elongatus (Törnquist, 1931), a commonly reported species from M. furnieri in South American Atlantic waters. However, other species of Dichelyne have so far been reported from this host in the same area, namely D. (C.) rodriguesi (Pinto, Fábio et Noronha, 1970), D. (C.) amaruincai (Freitas, Vicente et Ibañez, 1969) and D. (Dichelyne) micropogonii Pereira et Costa, 1996. A careful re-examination of these parasites, as well as of type specimens of all species reported from M. furnieri, revealed that these nematodes represented a new species. The new species is distinguished from most of its congeners by having papillae 5–7 and 9 forming a subventral line close to cloaca, this feature is shared with other 6 species [D. (C.) dichelyneformis (Szidat, 1950), D. (C.) fraseri (Baylis, 1929), D. (C.) abbreviatus (Rudolphi, 1819), D. (C.) adriaticus (Törnquist, 1931), D. (C.) minutus (Rudolphi, 1819) and D. (C.) mariajuliae Alarcos, Timi, Etchegoin et Sardella, 2006)], which are readily distinguished by their body size, spicules length, distribution patterns of other papillae and position of the excretory pore and deirids. Also, D. (C.) elongatus from Umbrina canariensis (Valenciennes) from West Africa is established as a new species Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) yvonnecampanae sp. nov.; D. (C.) amaruincai from Pacific waters is considered as a valid species, D. (D.) micropogonii is regarded as species inquirendae and D. (C.) rodriguesi is identified as Cucullanus sp.

scholarly journals Sea-level fluctuations and coastal evolution in the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 671-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOÃO WAGNER A. CASTRO ◽  
KENITIRO SUGUIO ◽  
JOSÉ C.S. SEOANE ◽  
ALINE M. DA CUNHA ◽  
FABIO F. DIAS
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Relative Sea Level ◽  
Coastal Evolution ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
First Time

The present paper aims to investigate the relative sea-level and the coastal evolution during the Holocene in the Rio de Janeiro coastline, based on geological and biological indicators. Using topographic survey, excavation and coring, and 14C dating of these coastal deposits and beachrocks outcrops, we have reconstructed a sea-level curve for the Holocene. For the first time on the Brazilian coast it was identified a negative record of relative sea-level during Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene transition. After the transition, a relatively rapid increase of sea-level began. At approximately at 8500 cal yr BP, the sea-level was 0.5 m below the current level, was overtaken for the first time in the Holocene, at approximately 7500 cal yr BP. The maximum level of +2.5 m was reached between 4770 and 4490 cal yr BP. At the point of maximum transgression, the sea-level began a general behavior of lowering until the present. These results confirm other data already obtained elsewhere along the Atlantic coast of South America. The results of this study are consistent with previous researches and they help to refine the Holocene sea-level record along the Brazilian coast.

scholarly journals Centennial-scale precipitation anomalies in the southern Altiplano (18° S) suggest an extratropical driver for the South American summer monsoon during the late Holocene

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1845-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio A. Jara ◽  
Antonio Maldonado ◽  
Leticia González ◽  
Armand Hernández ◽  
Alberto Sáez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
South American ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
The South ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies

Abstract. Modern precipitation anomalies in the Altiplano, South America, are closely linked to the strength of the South American summer monsoon (SASM), which is influenced by large-scale climate features sourced in the tropics such as the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, the timing, direction, and spatial extent of precipitation changes prior to the instrumental period are still largely unknown, preventing a better understanding of the long-term drivers of the SASM and their effects over the Altiplano. Here we present a detailed pollen reconstruction from a sedimentary sequence covering the period between 4500 and 1000 cal yr BP in Lago Chungará (18∘ S; 4570 m a.s.l.), a high-elevation lake on the southwestern margin of the Altiplano where precipitation is delivered almost exclusively during the mature phase of the SASM over the austral summer. We distinguish three well-defined centennial-scale anomalies, with dry conditions between 4100–3300 and 1600–1000 cal yr BP and a conspicuous humid interval between 2400 and 1600 cal yr BP, which resulted from the weakening and strengthening of the SASM, respectively. Comparisons with other climate reconstructions from the Altiplano, the Atacama Desert, the tropical Andes, and the southwestern Atlantic coast reveal that – unlike modern climatological controls – past precipitation anomalies at Lago Chungará were largely decoupled from north–south shifts in the ITCZ and ENSO. A regionally coherent pattern of centennial-scale SASM variations and a significant latitudinal gradient in precipitation responses suggest the contribution of an extratropical moisture source for the SASM, with significant effects on precipitation variability in the southern Altiplano.

Sickness, Recovery, and Death among the Enslaved and Free People of Santos, Brazil, 1860–1888

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (01) ◽  
pp. 57-80
Author(s):  
Ian Read
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Good Health ◽  
South American ◽  
Bubonic Plague ◽  
The South ◽  
Influenza Pandemics ◽  
Imperial Capital ◽  
Free People

Between 1802 and 1849, cholera and influenza pandemics killed hundreds of thousands from Shanghai to Seville to New York, but these diseases did not dip below the South American portion of the equator. As a result, Brazil gained a reputation of good health, an opinion confirmed by European travelers and some provincial authorities. This rosy reputation wilted in 1849 when a yellow fever epidemic devastated several seaports, including the imperial capital of Rio de Janeiro. Following this outbreak, waves of epidemics swept the nation with unfamiliar and terrifying virulence. Brazilians were struck again and again by cholera, smallpox, yellow fever, and bubonic plague until the early 1900s.

scholarly journals The Guanabara Confession of Faith

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
ALDERI S. MATOS
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
South American ◽  
Direct Control ◽  
Early Statement

The Guanabara Confession, an early statement of the Reformed faith, was written in “Antarctic France,” a sixteenth-century French colony in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. After the discovery of Brazil in 1500, Portugal was slow to protect and settle its new territory. Only in 1549 did the Portuguese crown take direct control of its South American domains by appointing the first governor general. For decades other European nations had set their eyes upon the new land and its natural resources. Among those nations was France, whose ships came continuously to the Brazilian coast in order to smuggle dyewood and other products.

Description of the larva of Lauromacromia picinguaba Carvalho, Salgado & Werneck-de-Carvalho 2004, with a key to the genera of Corduliidae larvae occurring in South America (Odonata: Anisoptera)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1848 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALCIMAR L. CARVALHO ◽  
LUIZ GUSTAVO V. SALGADO ◽  
GÜNTHER FLECK
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
South American ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Larval Biology ◽  
Type Series ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

The ultimate stadium larva of Lauromacromia picinguaba Carvalho, Salgado & Werneck-de-Carvalho is described and illustrated based on reared specimens from Picinguaba, Ubatuba, São Paulo state, Brazil, some of which belong to the type-series. All material is deposited in the Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro. General notes on larval biology and the breeding habitat are provided. A generic key for South American Corduliidae larvae is appended.

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