Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Isolated Cells from the Avian Salt Gland

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
Ian G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Transmission Electron

With the advent of new techniques for isolating single cells for biochemical and physiological investigation, an important consideration is the morphological integrity of these cells after dissociation from the intact tissue. Do isolated cells retain the degree of structural differentiation that is apparent in vivo? The principal secretory cells of the avian salt gland are an example of cells that are highly differentiated in form under conditions of physiological stress. This report describes the ultrastructure of dissociated salt gland cells as visualized with the scanning and transmission electron microscope.The dissociation procedure employed here was the same as that applied to the exocrine pancreas. For transmission electron microscopy the cell suspension was centrifuged and the resultant pellet prefixed in cacodylate buffered 3% glutaraldehyde- 1% paraformaldehyde, postfixed in unbuffered 1% osmium tetroxide, and embedded in epon-araldite. An assessment of the cell surface coat following enzymatic dissociation was facilitated by the inclusion of ruthenium red (500 ppm) in both the aldehyde and osmium fixation steps.

Characterization of mammary cells from the lactating rat by electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
P. Sadhukhan ◽  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
M. S. Soloff ◽  
M. H. Wieder ◽  
D. Senitzer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Phosphatase Cytochemistry

The means to identify cells isolated from the mammary gland of the lactating rat as a prerequisite for cell purification have been developed.The cells were isolated from mammary tissue with 0. 1% collagenase, and they were visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry.The milk-secreting cells have surface microvilli, whereas the surface of the myoepithelial cells is smooth (Fig. 1). The two isolated epithelial cell types are readily distinguishable by transmission electron microscopy (Fig. 2). The secretory cells contain vacuoles and a relatively extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the myoepithelial cells contain a more osmiophilic cytoplasm, contractile filaments (Fig. 3) and elongate processes. These features are consistent with the appearance of the two cell types in situ.Incubation of isolated cells with oxytocin prior to glutaraldehyde fixation resulted in the contraction of the myoepithelial cell processes (Figs. 4 & 5). This physiological response to oxytocin shows that the isolated myoepithelial cells were intact. The appearance of isolated secretory cells was unchanged by the presence of oxytocin.

Ultrastructural evidence for an unusual mode of ciliogenesis in mouse multiciliated epithelia

Microscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keishi Narita ◽  
Sen Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Primary Cilia ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Wild Type Mouse ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Brain Ventricles ◽  
Ultrastructural Evidence ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Motile Cilia

Abstract Multiciliogenesis is a cascading process for generating hundreds of motile cilia in single cells. In vertebrates, this process has been investigated in the ependyma of brain ventricles and the ciliated epithelia of the airway and oviduct. Although the early steps to amplify centrioles have been characterized in molecular detail, subsequent steps to establish multicilia have been relatively overlooked. Here, we focused on unusual cilia-related structures previously observed in wild-type mouse ependyma using transmission electron microscopy and analyzed their ultrastructural features and the frequency of their occurrence. In the ependyma, $\sim$5% of cilia existed as bundles; while the majority of the bundles were paired, bundles of more than three cilia were also found. Furthermore, apical protrusions harboring multiple sets of axonemes were occasionally observed (0–2 per section), suggesting an unusual mode of ciliogenesis. In trachea and oviduct epithelia, ciliary bundles were absent, but protrusions containing multiple axonemes were observed. At the base of such protrusions, certain axonemes were completely enwrapped by membranes, whereas others remained incompletely enwrapped. These data suggested that the late steps of multiciliogenesis might include a unique process underlying the development of cilia, which is distinct from the ciliogenesis of primary cilia.

A freeze-fracture study of the cuticle of adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nematoda)

Parasitology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Lee ◽  
K. A. Wright ◽  
R. R. Shivers
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Freeze Fracturing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Fracture Study ◽  
20 Nm

SUMMARYThe surface of the cuticle of adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis has been studied by means of the freeze-fracture technique and by transmission electron microscopy. Some of the surface coat appears to have been shed from the surface of the cuticle of adults fixed in situ in the intestine of its host and from the surface of individuals removed from the intestine and freeze-fractured. Freeze-fracturing the cuticle of individuals removed from the host has shown that this surface coat varies in thickness from 30 to 90 nm. The epicuticle is about 20 nm thick and cleaves readily to expose E- and P-faces. The P-face of the epicuticle possesses a small number of particles, similar to intra-membranous particles, whilst the E-face possesses a few, widely scattered depressions. Despite the presence of these particles the epicuticle is not considered to be a true membrane. Freeze-fracturing the remainder of the cuticle has confirmed its structure as described by conventional transmission electron microscopy. Clusters of particles on the P-face of the outer epidermal (hypodermal) membrane and corresponding depressions on the E-face of the membrane are thought to be associated with points of attachment of the cuticle to the epidermis (hypodermis). No differences in appearance of the cuticle and its surface layers were observed in individuals taken from 7-, 10-, 13- and 15-day infections.

Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Isolated Cells of Hydra littoralis

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 160-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium Ions

Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), we observed batteries of 20-30 nematocytes, cnidoblasts, sensory cells, and other neurons invaginated within epitheliomuscular cells of Hydra. In an attempt to determine how the cells were structurally interrelated, we isolated cells of Hydra littoralis for further study by SEM and TEM.To isolate cells, 30 Hydra littoralis were placed for 30 minutes in a P19 culture medium modified by omitting calcium and magnesium ions, adding 20% sucrose and stabilizing at pH 7.2 with sodium phosphate, then pipetted gently to free the epithelial cells from the mesoglea. Glutaraldehyde was added to make a 5% solution and the cells were fixed 1 hour at 0-4°C, centrifuged 10 minutes at 1000 X g, resuspended in cacodylate buffer twice, and placed 2 hours in 4% osmium tetroxide at 0-4°C.

Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of the female reproductive system of Schistosoma margrebowiei Le Roux, 1933

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. H. Awad ◽  
A. J. Probert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Cell ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Vitelline Duct ◽  
Dense Bodies ◽  
Transmission Electron

ABSTRACTTransmission electron microscopy shows that the uterus of female Schistosoma margrebowiei possesses the same ultrastructure as that of the tegument but lacks spines and sense organs. It does not possess secretory cells and opens at the gonopore which by scanning electron microscopy was seen to be composed of numerous leaf-like protrusions. The morphology of the ovary is comparable with that of other Digenea. Immature and mature ova possess cortically arranged granules and occur within the posterior zone of the ovary. Cilia and lamellae line the luminal surface of the oviduct and ootype, the lamellae running unidirectionally along the duct. Only a single type of secretory cell is seen within Mehlis' gland and this produces dense bodies which are associated with Goldi bodies. Narrow cytoplasmic channels supported by microtubules deliver these secretory bodies to the ootype. The vitelline duct is lined with cilia and lamellae and the vitelline gland contains four types of cells, S1, S2, S3 and S4. Calcareous corpuscles are found within mature S4 cells.

Extracellular ducts within the wall of the spermatheca of tsetse flies (Glossina spp.) (Dipt., Glossrnidae)

1972 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Glossina Austeni ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cellular Layer

Each spherical spermatheca of Glossina austeni Newst. is composed of a cuticular lining of the lumen which is surrounded by a layer of secretory cells. When the spermatheca is immersed in Amann's lactophenol the cells of the cellular layer lift away from the cuticular intima revealing numerous clubbed processes projecting outwards from the surface of the intima. Sections of spermathecae examined by transmission electron microscopy show that one clubbed process is associated with each cell of the cellular layer. The “porous” head of the process is within a fluidfilled cavity in the cell, lined with microvilli. The stalk of each process is an extracellular duct down which secretions from the cellular layer pass into the lumen of the spermatheca. It is considered that these secretions are the medium, probably containing nutrients, in which spermatozoa are held while in the spermatheca.

Virus-Like and Membrane-Bound Particles in the Venom Apparatus of a Parasitoid Wasp (Hymenoptera:Braconidae)

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 610-611
Author(s):  
Karthryn M. Edson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Parasitoid Wasp ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Secretory Apparatus

Successful parasitism of a host by a parasitoid wasp may be aided by secretions from the venom apparatus, an accessory gland of the female parasitoid's reproductive system. In the present study, transmission electron microscopy of the venom apparatus of Meteorus leviventris reveals virus-like and membrane-bound particles which may influence successful parasitism of the host. This is the first evidence of such particles within the venom apparatus of a parasitoid.The venom apparatus of M. leviventris consists of a venom reservoir with two highly ramified gland filaments attached to it by a common duct.TEM of the secretory cells of the gland filaments reveals particles approximately 50 nm in diameter contained within a cytoplasmic stroma (Fig. 1). These virus-like particles (VLP) have a dense inner core and a hexagonal congifuration. Similar particles are found free within the cytoplasm or associated with vacuoles (Fig. 2).Secretory cells of the gland filaments contain a secretory apparatus which consists of an array of microvilli converging on a central lumen (Fig. 3).

Transmission Electron Microscopy Study of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Apple Tissue

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARLENE E. JANES ◽  
K. S. KIM ◽  
M. G. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Apple Tissue

We investigated the ability of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 to spread in wounded apple tissue by transmission electron microscopy. Red Delicious apples were wounded with an artist knife (7 mm depth) and either inoculated with 10 μl per wound of decimally diluted E. coli O157:H7 or submerged into E. coli O157:H7 suspended in sterile distilled water and then stored at 37°C for 24 h. Transmission electron microscopy showed E. coli O157:H7 formed bacterial aggregates near the apple cell walls, and single cells were in close proximity to the apple cell wall surfaces and to plasma membranes. E. coli O157:H7 presence caused degradation of plasma membranes and release of the cytoplasm contents of the apple cortical cells into the central vacuole. Apple tissue turgor pressure tests showed that the apple cells infected with E. coli O157:H7 isolates were more likely to rupture than the control noninoculated apple cells. E. coli O157:H7 cells grown in apple tissue showed the formation of granules and vesicles within the bacterial cytoplasma and separation of the plasma membranes. Our study shows that E. coli O157:H7 can grow and survive in the apple tissue environment by causing degradation of the apple cellular components.

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