Characterization of mammary cells from the lactating rat by electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 560-561
Author(s):  
P. Sadhukhan ◽  
J. Chakraborty ◽  
M. S. Soloff ◽  
M. H. Wieder ◽  
D. Senitzer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Phosphatase Cytochemistry

The means to identify cells isolated from the mammary gland of the lactating rat as a prerequisite for cell purification have been developed.The cells were isolated from mammary tissue with 0. 1% collagenase, and they were visualized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by alkaline phosphatase cytochemistry.The milk-secreting cells have surface microvilli, whereas the surface of the myoepithelial cells is smooth (Fig. 1). The two isolated epithelial cell types are readily distinguishable by transmission electron microscopy (Fig. 2). The secretory cells contain vacuoles and a relatively extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the myoepithelial cells contain a more osmiophilic cytoplasm, contractile filaments (Fig. 3) and elongate processes. These features are consistent with the appearance of the two cell types in situ.Incubation of isolated cells with oxytocin prior to glutaraldehyde fixation resulted in the contraction of the myoepithelial cell processes (Figs. 4 & 5). This physiological response to oxytocin shows that the isolated myoepithelial cells were intact. The appearance of isolated secretory cells was unchanged by the presence of oxytocin.

Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Isolated Cells from the Avian Salt Gland

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 488-489
Author(s):  
Ian G. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Structural Differentiation ◽  
Transmission Electron

With the advent of new techniques for isolating single cells for biochemical and physiological investigation, an important consideration is the morphological integrity of these cells after dissociation from the intact tissue. Do isolated cells retain the degree of structural differentiation that is apparent in vivo? The principal secretory cells of the avian salt gland are an example of cells that are highly differentiated in form under conditions of physiological stress. This report describes the ultrastructure of dissociated salt gland cells as visualized with the scanning and transmission electron microscope.The dissociation procedure employed here was the same as that applied to the exocrine pancreas. For transmission electron microscopy the cell suspension was centrifuged and the resultant pellet prefixed in cacodylate buffered 3% glutaraldehyde- 1% paraformaldehyde, postfixed in unbuffered 1% osmium tetroxide, and embedded in epon-araldite. An assessment of the cell surface coat following enzymatic dissociation was facilitated by the inclusion of ruthenium red (500 ppm) in both the aldehyde and osmium fixation steps.

Simplified procedures for releasing and concentrating microorganisms from soil for transmission electron microscopy viewing as thin-sectioned and frozen-etched preparations

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Balkwill ◽  
D. P. Labeda ◽  
L. E. Casida Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Soil Slurry ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Choice Of Procedure ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cell Release ◽  
Simplified Procedures ◽  
Simplified Procedure

A simplified procedure is presented for releasing and concentrating indigenous microbial cells from soil for viewing by transmission electron microscopy as thin sections or replicas of frozen-etched preparations. This procedure is compared with two others reported earlier, and their relative merits are discussed as concerns the choice of procedure for the cellular information desired from the soil. Freeze-etching showed that the cell types and size distributions for cells which have been released and concentrated from soil are in general agreement with those for cells in a crude soil slurry in which no attempt to release and concentrate cells was made. Microcolonies were present both in the crude slurry and in the discard soil debris centrifugation pellets from the cell release and concentration procedures. In contrast to the historic assumptions, these microcolonies, as well as some individual cells embedded in soil debris could not be broken up and (or) dislodged so that they would be washed from the soil. The relative numbers of these cells remaining with the soil debris, however, could not be quantitated in the present study.

scholarly journals The exit of Trypanosoma cruzi from the phagosome is inhibited by raising the pH of acidic compartments.

1990 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Ley ◽  
E S Robbins ◽  
V Nussenzweig ◽  
N W Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Ammonium Chloride ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Immunocytochemical Localization ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Acidic Compartments ◽  
Vacuolar Ph

The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi can infect many distinct mammalian cell types. The parasites enter cells through the formation of phagocytic vacuoles, but later are found free in the cytosol, where they multiply as amastigotes. Using transmission electron microscopy we found that within 2 h after infection 70% of the parasites, including examples of both mammalian forms (trypomastigotes and amastigotes), were inside partially disrupted vacuoles or free in the cytosol. We demonstrated that the pH of vacuoles containing recently interiorized parasites is acidic, through immunocytochemical localization of the acidotropic compound DAMP (18) in their interior. Increasing the vacuolar pH with chloroquine, ammonium chloride, methylamine, or monensin significantly inhibited the escape of the parasites into the cytosol. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that an acid-active hemolysin of T. cruzi (15) might be involved in the escape mechanism.

Human neonatal hydrocephalus

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc R. Del Bigio ◽  
J. Edward Bruni ◽  
H. Derek Fewer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ependymal Cells ◽  
Foramen Of Monro ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Axonal Pathology ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cell Processes ◽  
Junctional Complexes ◽  
Fine Print

✓ An infant of 43 weeks gestational age with severe congenital hydrocephalus was operated on for removal of a subependymal astrocytoma in the region of the foramen of Monro. A biopsy of periventricular tissue was taken from the lateral ventricle for examination by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The ependyma was largely denuded, with glial cell processes forming most of the ventricular lining. Many of the attenuated ependymal cells, however, had intact junctional complexes at areas of contact with other ependymal cells. Club-shaped unipolar cells, believed to be a previously undescribed form of immature ependymal cells, were found in the ventricular lining. Cerebrospinal fluid edema was present in the neuropil up to 60 µm from the ventricular lumen, but there was no obvious axonal pathology in the tissues examined.

scholarly journals Analysis by Light, Scanning, and Transmission Microscopy of the Intima Synovial of the Temporomandibular Joint of Human Fetuses during the Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Carlos Sabu Alvez ◽  
Luis Otavio Carvalho de Moraes ◽  
Sergio R. Marques ◽  
Roberto C. Tedesco ◽  
Leandro J. C. Harb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Joint Cavity ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Intima Layer

Objective. To characterize morphologically and ultrastructurally using light microscopy, the scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy the intima synovial of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of human fetuses between the 10th and the 38th week of development. Materials and Methods. The TMJ was dissected bilaterally in 37 human fetuses belonging to the Institute of Embryology of the University Complutense of Madrid and of the Federal University of São Paulo. Results. The outcome by light microscopy showed the morphology of the TMJ and that the formation of inferior joint cavity precedes the superior joint cavity and the presence of blood vessels in the synovial. Conclusion. By scanning and transmission electron microscopy we observed the presence of two well-defined cell types in the intima layer of synovial of the TMJ of human fetuses, macrophage-like type A cell and fibroblast-like type B cell, and the presence of the a third cell type, defined by the name of intermediate lining cell in the intima layer of the synovial.

The Relationship Between Pit Membrane Ultrastructure and Chemical Impregnability of Wood

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adya Singh ◽  
Bernard Dawson ◽  
Robert Franich ◽  
Faye Cowan ◽  
Jeremy Warnes
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Pit Membrane ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Membrane Ultrastructure ◽  
The Relationship

Summary The woods of Alder and Eucalypt were examined by light microscopy before and after a chemical treatment by the Indurite process to increase the hardness of the wood. The pattern of wood cell impregnation for Alder differed significantly from Eucalypt in some respects. In Alder wood all cell types eg. vessels, fibres and rays, were impregnated in similar proportions. In comparison, in Eucalypt wood the impregnation material was largely confined to ray cells and the lumina of vessels; other cell types were either not impregnated or impregnated in very small numbers. Transmission electron microscopy of Alder and Eucalypt woods suggests that ultrastructural differences in the texture and porosity of pit membranes may be the main reason for the observed differences between these wood species with regard to their impregnability by the impregnation material used.

Ultrathin Sectioning of Fixed but Unembedded Tissue

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 650-653
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Biological Objects ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Isolated Chloroplasts

This is intended as a progress report to demonstrate that it is feasible within limits to section unembedded, glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue thinly enough for transmission electron microscopy. Much cytological detail will be preserved. The work has been predicated upon a demonstration of J.L. Farrant and J.D. McLean1 that x-linking concentrated serum albumin gel with glutaraldehyde can produce an adequate support for sectioning small biological objects such as erythrocytes, small algae, bacteria, and mitochondria. Subsequently, G.L. Nicolson2 utilized the same technique to obtain interesting sections of isolated chloroplasts. These experiments suggested to me that the proteins of the cytosol of many cell types might also be adequately x-linked with glutaraldehyde to permit ultrathin sectioning if the specimens could otherwise be suitably supported.

scholarly journals Calmodulin content of rat mammary tissue and isolated cells during pregnancy and lactation

1984 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
T L Riss ◽  
P J Bechtel ◽  
C R Baumrucker
Keyword(s):  
Marked Change ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Cell Fractions ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

The calmodulin content of heat-treated extracts of rat mammary tissue and isolated cells was measured by using stimulation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity and radioimmunoassay (r.i.a.) procedures. The calmodulin content of mammary tissue increased 2.5-fold near the time of parturition, remained at the elevated level during lactation, then, after the onset of involution, decreased to values similar to those measured from mammary tissue of pregnant rats. When tissue from 15 animals in different stages of pregnancy, lactation and involution were compared, the r.i.a. gave 2.6-fold higher results than the PDE assay. To investigate further the increase in calmodulin content of mammary tissue, secretory and myoepithelial cells were enzymically dissociated from rat mammary tissue during different stages of pregnancy, lactation and involution. Protein, DNA, lactose, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were assayed to characterize the cell fractions. By using r.i.a., the calmodulin content per mg of protein in isolated secretory-cell fractions was high near parturition, then decreased and remained relatively constant during lactation. The amount of calmodulin expressed per mg of DNA in secretory cells did not show a marked change near parturition, suggesting a constant amount of calmodulin per cell. The calmodulin content of myoepithelial cells dissociated from mammary tissue and measured by using r.i.a. was 6-fold lower than in secretory cells and remained relatively constant during the course of lactation. The changing levels of calmodulin in rat mammary tissue during development are suggested to be related to proliferation and destruction of secretory epithelial cells, events that occur near parturition and involution respectively.

Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy of Isolated Cells of Hydra littoralis

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 160-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane A. Westfall ◽  
Paul D. Enos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Sem And Tem ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium Ions

Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), we observed batteries of 20-30 nematocytes, cnidoblasts, sensory cells, and other neurons invaginated within epitheliomuscular cells of Hydra. In an attempt to determine how the cells were structurally interrelated, we isolated cells of Hydra littoralis for further study by SEM and TEM.To isolate cells, 30 Hydra littoralis were placed for 30 minutes in a P19 culture medium modified by omitting calcium and magnesium ions, adding 20% sucrose and stabilizing at pH 7.2 with sodium phosphate, then pipetted gently to free the epithelial cells from the mesoglea. Glutaraldehyde was added to make a 5% solution and the cells were fixed 1 hour at 0-4°C, centrifuged 10 minutes at 1000 X g, resuspended in cacodylate buffer twice, and placed 2 hours in 4% osmium tetroxide at 0-4°C.

scholarly journals Development of epididymis and vas deferens in Galea spixii: an ultrastructural view

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
P. Santos ◽  
M. Arroyo ◽  
M. Oliveira ◽  
M. Miglino ◽  
A. Assis Neto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractThe study aimed to characterize the ultrastructure of components of the sperm pathway in Galea spixii (Spix's yellow-toothed cavy) at different stages of sexual development. Segments of the epididymis and vas deferens of 10 Galea spixii were studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Principal and basal cells with similar characteristics were seen in the epididymis and vas deferens. Both cell types are responsible for maturation of sperm as well as the ability to fertilize and reabsorption. The post natal morphological development of the epididymis and vas deferens was similar to testicular development of the species.

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