Microstructure and Chemistry of Grain Boundaries in Sensitized Low-Carbon High-Nitrogen Type 316 Stainless Steel

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
E. L. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
X Ray ◽  
316 Stainless Steel

The resistance of stainless steel to sensitization can be increased by reducing the carbon content, since sensitization is caused by the formation of chromium-rich carbides at grain boundaries which depletes the boundary region of chromium. The reduction in carbon content also lowers the strength of the steel, but this can be counteracted by adding nitrogen, leading to a series of low-carbon high-nitrogen alloys which are promising candidates for applications in the nuclear industry. However, the effect of nitrogen on the phase relationships in stainless steel are complex, and the purpose of this study is to examine these effects.Samples of 316 stainless steel with 16 w/o Cr, 9.8 w/o Ni, 2.5 w/o Mo, 0.03 w/o C, and 0.06-0.16 w/o N which had been solutionized and then aged at 600-700°C for 3-300 hours were used. Grain boundary phases were identified using electron diffraction, and grain boundary chemistry was measured using X-ray spectroscopy with a 10nm probe, either positioned directly on the boundary or stepped across the boundary with a spatial resolution of 50nm. The Cliff-Lorimer method was used to quantify the x-ray results.

scholarly journals Effects of Carbon Content and Chromium Segregation on Creep Rupture Properties of Low Carbon and Medium Nitrogen Type 316 Stainless Steel

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takanori NAKAZAWA ◽  
Nobuhiro FUJITA ◽  
Hidetaka KIMURA ◽  
Hajime KOMATSU ◽  
Hiroyuki KOTOH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Creep Rupture ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
316 Stainless Steel ◽  
Rupture Properties

scholarly journals Detection of Solute Segregation at Grain Boundaries

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
J. Briceno-Valero ◽  
R. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Boundary Segregation ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Solute Segregation ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grain Boundary Plane

Studies of grain boundary segregation in metallurgical systems are traditionally based upon the premise that grain boundaries are more likely sites for solute atoms than their surrounding grains. This idea is manifested in experimnental studies which distinguish the solute concentration at boundaries from that of grain interiors using various spectroscopic techniques, including more recently, energy dispersive X-ray analysis in TEM/STEM instruments. A typical study therefore usually consists of spot or line scans across a grain boundary plane in order to detect concentration gradients at the boundary region. It has also been pointed out that there are rather severe problems in quantitatively determining the absolute solute concentration within the grain boundary, and data correction schemes for this situation have been proposed.

OUTOKUMPU FORTA H400

Alloy Digest ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Nitrogen Content ◽  
High Nitrogen

Abstract Forta H400 is an austenitic stainless steel in which manganese replaces some of the nickel. Its high-nitrogen content adds strength. This variant has low carbon content. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming. Filing Code: SS-1276. Producer or source: Outokumpu Stainless AB, Avesta Research Centre.

Grain Boundary Defects in ZnO Ceramic Doped with Mo

2005 ◽  
Vol 242-244 ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. El-Hofy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Electron Tunneling ◽  
Boundary Region ◽  
Chemical Formula ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Donor Density ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
And Shifts

Four Zinc Molybdenum ceramic samples (S1-S4), have been prepared according to the chemical formula (1-x) ZnO - x (MoO3), where (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.6, 0.8) mol %. The samples were studied through X-ray Diffraction analysis, SEM, EDAX, I-V characteristics at different temperature up to 200 οC and C-V measurements. X-ray results decleared that Mo contributes to the structure mainly substitution in place of Zn. Entrance of Mo into the structure increases the intensity and shifts the X-ray peaks to higher θ values. At lower additions, Mo is segregated along the grain boundaries in the form of short bars, while at higher additions, circular batches of Mo rich phase are appeared on the surface of the large ZnO grains. The formulation of Schottky barrier is indicated, in case of (x < 0.1) the barrier is attributed to the trapping of electrons by the defects at the grain boundaries, while at higher additions the barrier was attributed to the concentration gradient of Zn vacancies in the grain boundary region. The calculated barrier height and non-linearity coefficient α are (1.15, 1.12, 1.15 and 1.48) eV and (59.4, 22.5, 35 and 87) for the samples S1- S4 respectively. Going from S1 to S4, donor density Nd and density of the interface states Ns decrease from 3.81x 1018 to 0.46x1018 cm-3 and from 6.41x1012 to 2.52x1012 cm-2 respectively, while the width W(cm) of the potential barrier increases from the value 1.68x10-6 cm for S1 to the value 5.5x10-6 cm for S4 . The current processed via electron tunneling through the barrier.

Point Defect Absorption and Dislocation Loop Formation at Grain Boundaries in Hvem-Irradiated Zr and Its Alloys:1. Influence of Solute Addition

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
R.A. Herring ◽  
M. Griffiths ◽  
M.H Loretto ◽  
R.E. Smallman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Point Defect ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Dislocation Loops ◽  
Loop Formation ◽  
Component Material ◽  
Impurity Interaction

Because Zr is used in the nuclear industry to sheath fuel and as structural component material within the reactor core, it is important to understand Zr's point defect properties. In the present work point defect-impurity interaction has been assessed by measuring the influence of grain boundaries on the width of the zone denuded of dislocation loops in a series of irradiated Zr alloys. Electropolished Zr and its alloys have been irradiated using an AEI EM7 HVEM at 1 MeV, ∼675 K and ∼10-6 torr vacuum pressure. During some HVEM irradiations it has been seen that there is a difference in the loop nucleation and growth behaviour adjacent to the grain boundary as compared with the mid-grain region. The width of the region influenced by the presence of the grain boundary should be a function of the irradiation temperature, dose rate, solute concentration and crystallographic orientation.

NIROSTA 4429

Alloy Digest ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance

Abstract Nirosta 4429 is a low-carbon, high-nitrogen version of type 316 stainless steel. The low carbon imparts intergranular corrosion resistance while the nitrogen imparts both higher strength and some increased pitting corrosion resistance. It is recommended for use as welded parts that need not or cannot be annealed after welding. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-787. Producer or source: ThyssenKrupp Nirosta.

EASTERN STAINLESS TYPE 316L

Alloy Digest ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Type 316L ◽  
Molybdenum Steel

Abstract EASTERN STAINLESS Type 316L is a chromium-nickel-molybdenum steel with a very low carbon content (0.03 max.) Its general resistance to corrosion is similar to AISI Type 316 but, because of its low carbon content, it has superior resistance to the formation of harmful carbides that contribute to intergranular corrosion. Type 316L is used widely in many industries such as chemical, food, paper, textile, nuclear and oil. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-439. Producer or source: Eastern Stainless Steel Company.

EASTERN STAINLESS TYPE 304L

Alloy Digest ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Aisi Type ◽  
Type 304

Abstract EASTERN STAINLESS TYPE 304L is the basic 18-8 chromium-nickel austenitic stainless steel with a very low carbon content (0.03% max.). Its general resistance to corrosion is similar to AISI Type 304 but, because of its low carbon content, it has superior resistance to the formation of harmful carbides that indirectly contribute to intergranular corrosion. It is recommended for most articles of welded construction. Postweld annealing is not necessary. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-427. Producer or source: Eastern Stainless Steel Company.

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