High-performance ternary organic photovoltaics with NC70BA as the third component material enabling thickness-insensitive photoactive performance

In this work, a thinner (100 nm) and thicker (150 nm and 200 nm) ternary organic photovoltaic (OPV) are fabricate by D18 as donor, Y6 as acceptor and NC70BA as third component materials. The addition of the hollow 3D spherical structure of NC70BA into D18:Y6 binary films is helpful for improving phase separation and smooth surface of ternary photoactive layer, and form more continuous electron transport channels in ternary photoactive layers. It is enhance photovoltaic performance under not only thinner photoactive layer thickness but also thicker photoactive layer thickness. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of employing D18:Y6 as a binary photovoltaic layer and fullerene derivative NC70BA as a third component material and has construct high-efficiency thickness-insensitive ternary OPVs; this approach would promote the development of thicker photoactive layer ternary OPVs to fulfil the requirements of solution coating processes.

Relationship between microstructure and deformation of porous Ni-based cermets under redox cycling

This paper discusses the relationship between the elongation and compression behavior and microstructural changes under redox cycles of porous Ni(O)–YSZ cermets for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Mechanical damage in SOFC and SOEC is one of the most important degradation factors governing the electrical performance of cells. Therefore, it is necessary to know the mechanical properties of each component material, such as elastic and deformation properties, in the operating environment. Particularly, of the Ni(O)–YSZ cermets which currently makes up 90% of the volume of the cell, with present mainstream anode supported SOFC and SOEC. Therefore, understanding the properties of the Ni(O)–YSZ cermets plays an important role in ensuring the performance of the entire SOFC and SOEC. In this study, the microstructural changes of Ni(O)–YSZ cermet by reduction, re-oxidation and re-reduction were observed in detail using microstructural observations and systematically compared with the dimensional change behavior. For the dimensional change behavior, a simple model considering the initial porosity and Ni content is proposed, which successfully predicts the dimensional change due to re-oxidation. Furthermore, Ni(O)–YSZ cermets with high Ni content show large initial dimensional changes, but the dimensional reversibility improves with increase of the number of redox cycles.

PENILAIAN RANAH AFEKTIF PESERTA DIDK DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODUL BERORIENTASI LITERASI SAINS MATERI KOMPONEN EKOSISTEM

Abstrak : Pengembangan Modul Biologi berorientasi literasi sains dibuat berdasarkan masalah yang ada di SMA Negeri 2 Sekampung yaitu bahan ajar yang digunakan tidak sesuai dengan latar belakang sekolah dan hasil belajar pada materi Komponen Ekosistem perlu adanya perubahan penyampaian materi tersebut secara literasi sains. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan modul biologi berorientasi literasi sains pada materi komponen ekosistem dan efektif meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran peserta didik kelas X. Pengembangan modul ini menggunakan motode pengembangan Research and Development model pengembangan ADDIE . Subjek penilaian yaitu ahli materi, ahli media, ahli bahasa, praktisi pendidikan, dan peserta didik kelas X. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa angket dan tes hasil belajar. Hasil penelitian ini adalah tersusun modul Biologi berorientsi literasi sains pada materi komponen ekosistem untuk peserta didik kelas X. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian kualitas modul diperoleh kategori baik dan efektif dalam meningkatkan kesadaran dan pemahaman peserta didik. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul biologi yang dikembangkan layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar mandiri untuk peserta didik kelas X. Abstract : Development of Biology Module oriented science literacy is based on the problems that exist in SMA Negeri 2 Sekampung namely teaching materials used are not in accordance with school background and learning outcomes in the Ecosystem Components material needs to change the delivery of these materials in scientific literacy. Based on these problems, this study aims to produce biology modules oriented towards science literacy on ecosystem component materials and effectively improve the understanding and awareness of class X students. The development of this module uses the development model of the Research and Development ADDIE development model . Subjects of assessment are material experts, media experts, linguists, education practitioners, and class X students. The instruments used were questionnaires and test results for learning. The results of this study are arranged a Biology module oriented in science literacy on ecosystem component material for class X students. Based on the results of the module quality assessment, it is obtained a good and effective category in increasing the awareness and understanding of students. So it can be concluded that the biology module developed is suitable to be used as an independent teaching material for grade X students.

Comprehensive Review on Fuel Cell Technology for Stationary Applications as Sustainable and Efficient Poly-Generation Energy Systems

Fuel cell technologies have several applications in stationary power production, such as units for primary power generation, grid stabilization, systems adopted to generate backup power, and combined-heat-and-power configurations (CHP). The main sectors where stationary fuel cells have been employed are (a) micro-CHP, (b) large stationary applications, (c) UPS, and IPS. The fuel cell size for stationary applications is strongly related to the power needed from the load. Since this sector ranges from simple backup systems to large facilities, the stationary fuel cell market includes few kWs and less (micro-generation) to larger sizes of MWs. The design parameters for the stationary fuel cell system differ for fuel cell technology (PEM, AFC, PAFC, MCFC, and SOFC), as well as the fuel type and supply. This paper aims to present a comprehensive review of two main trends of research on fuel-cell-based poly-generation systems: tracking the market trends and performance analysis. In deeper detail, the present review will list a potential breakdown of the current costs of PEM/SOFC production for building applications over a range of production scales and at representative specifications, as well as broken down by component/material. Inherent to the technical performance, a concise estimation of FC system durability, efficiency, production, maintenance, and capital cost will be presented.

Compressive Strength Prediction of Green Ultra-High Performance Concrete (GUHPC) Based on Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System

Green ultra-high performance concrete (GUHPC) is considered to be a new generation of construction materialsthat adapt to sustainable development and is gradually being used in the fields of bridge reinforcement, housefacades, and paving.To improve the efficiency of green ultra-high performance concrete in the experimental stageand to save the component material, the prediction of the 28-day compressive strength of green ultra-highperformance concrete has become a challenging task. According to the published literature, the compressivestrength of concrete is closely related to the material composition such as cement, fly ash, silica fume, sand, etc. Soin this study, 175 groups of related data of GUHPC were collected to form a database, and an artificial neuralnetwork system combined with IF-THEN fuzzy rules was utilized to establish a model that could better predict the28-day compressive strength of GUHPC. Three evaluation indicators, RMSE, R2, and MAPE, indicate that theprediction of the compressive strength of green ultra-high performance concrete made by the model is completelyreliable. Overall,this study successfully proposes a fuzzy artificial neural network model for predicting the 28-daycompressive strength of GUHPC, which provides a viable prediction tool for GUHPC in the experimental stage.

Illumination Effect on Electrical Characteristics of Poly(3-hexylthiophene): TIPS-Pentacene Blend Thin-Film Transistor

Organic phototransistors capable of absorbing in the visible light spectrum without color filters are the best alternatives to conventional inorganic phototransistors. In this study, the effect of illumination on the electrical characteristics of a solution-processed poly(3-hexylthiophene): 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene-blend thin-film transistor (TFT) was investigated. The wavelengths of the irradiated light were determined from the absorbance spectrum of the blended film and changes in the transistor’s electrical characteristics were explained in relation to the electrical and light absorption properties of each component material. The photosensitivity and absorbing properties of the blended TFT were enhanced at 515 and 450 nm and exhibited positively shifted threshold voltages under incident light. The results indicated that the photo-generated exci-ton pair characteristics matched the absorbance properties of the blended material and that the absorption and photocurrent characteristics of the respective components could be combined. This process for the heterogeneous blending of organic semiconductors has the potential to improve phototransistor performance and contribute to the development of broadband absorbing phototransistors.

Pressure-induced liquid-liquid transition in a family of ionic materials

Liquid−liquid transition (LLT) between two disordered phases of single-component material remains one of the most intriguing physical phenomena. Here, we report a first-order LLT in a series of ionic liquids containing trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium cation [P666,14]+ and anions of different sizes and shapes, providing an insight into the structure-property relationships governing LTT. In addition to calorimetric proof of LLT, we report that ion dynamics exhibit anomalous behavior during the LLT, i.e., the conductivity relaxation times (τσ) are dramatically elongated, and their distribution becomes broader. This peculiar behavior is induced by both isobaric cooling and isothermal compression with the τσ(TLL,PLL) being constant for a given system. The latter observation proves that LLT, in analogy to liquid-glass transition, has an isochronal character. Finally, the magnitude of discontinuity in a specific volume at LLT was examined using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.

Status of macular area of retina of patients with advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy and complicated incipient cataract according to optical coherence tomography

Purpose. The aim is to conduct a comparative analysis of status of macular area of retina of patients with advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy and complicated incipient cataract according to phacoemulsification surgery time frames: after vitreoretinal surgery only or after vitreoretinal surgery as an integral component. Material and methods: 26 cases of surgery treatment of patients with PDR and complicated primary cataract were analyzed. This patients were divided into two groups depending on the treatment tactics. Retinal thickness in the fovea was measured by optical coherence tomography before surgery and 1 and 3 months after phacoemulsification cataract. Results. Visual functions improved in 85.8% of cases in group 1, and in 66.7% in group 2. Conclusion. Outcomes of the preliminary studies suggest that the frequency of macular edema development after phacoemulsification surgery and IOL implantation with vitreoretinal surgery is recorded more often than when performing with phacoemulsification surgery and silicone oil removal simultaneously by the second stage. Key words: diabetic retinopathy, cataract, vitreoretinal surgery, macular edema.

A review on recent advances on improving polyimide matrix nanocomposites for mechanical, thermal, and tribological applications: Challenges and recommendations for future improvement

In recent years, advancements on improving the mechanical and tribological properties of polyimide nanocomposites have remarkably increased, owing to the fact that polyimide nanocomposites exhibits lightweight, high strength, thermal stability as well as anti-wear and solvent resistance. The polyimide nanocomposites are described as material of polyimide matrix reinforced with certain volume or weight percent concentration of nanofillers. Researchers have demonstrated the importance of thermoplastic polyimide nanocomposites in mechanical, thermal, and tribological applications. However, the nanocomposites are reportedly facing interfacial adhesion issues and surface properties degradation, which have affected their mechanical, friction, and abrasive wear resistance for tribological applications. Although, much advancements on improving the mechanical, thermal, and wear resistance properties of polyimide nanocomposites has been reported. However, this review summarizes the effects of nanofillers, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene (GN), graphene oxide (GO), boron nitride (BN), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), silica (SiO2), titania (TiO2), alumina (Al2O3), carbon fibres (CF), aramid fibre (AF), glass fibre (GF), zinc dioxide (ZnO2), zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), silicon nitride (Si2N4), and carbon nitride (C3N4) on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of polyimide nanocomposites for tribological applications. The authors concluded the review study with advancement, challenges and suggestions for future improvement of polyimide nanocomposites as friction component material. Thus, the review offers an insight into the improvement and selection of polyimide nanocomposites material for mechanical, thermal, and tribological applications. More so, the review will also give away for further research.

PO4 recovery using mixtures of biochar and carbonate materials

<p>The recovery of PO<sub>4</sub> from wastewaters by using biochar proves not to be completely satisfactory. The surface of the biochar is typically negatively charged, which prevents the adsorption of PO<sub>4</sub>. For this reason, mixtures of biochar and natural carbonate materials have been tested as a novel sorbent material for PO<sub>4 </sub>recovery from both synthetic-and waste- water. The goal of the research is to obtain a PO<sub>4 </sub>based complex starting from natural second-generation materials such as food industry byproducts, plants and other residues to prepare fertilisers compliant to the component material category CMC 6 defined in the Regulation <strong>(</strong>EU) 2019/1009/EU It has to be noted that natural carbonate materials are not pure CaCO<sub>3</sub>, but present small impurities that contribute to modify their properties. Therefore, the use of carbonate materials obtained from different sources can lead to different performances when it comes to PO<sub>4</sub> removal from wastewaters.</p><p>In this work we present results of PO<sub>4</sub> removal obtained from a mixture of biomass and different carbonate materials. The mixture has been treated through a specific thermal protocol to obtain two different calcium-oxide rich charcoals here named composites C1 and C2. Initially, each composite was added to synthetic waters with different PO<sub>4 </sub>concentration, with a composite:water ratio of 1:1000. The initial concentrations of PO<sub>4 </sub>were 10, 100 and 1000 mg/l. After treatment with the composite, regardless of whether C1 or C2 was used, the PO<sub>4 </sub>concentration in the waters with initial concentration of 10 and 100 mg/L was nearly zero, with pH values at equilibrium around 11.9. The treatment of the water with initial PO<sub>4 </sub>concentration of 1000 mg/l shows a reduction of 20% and 40% with C1 and C2, respectively, with final pH values around 7.8.</p><p>After addition of the composites to the water, the solutions present very high pH values except for the water with the highest concentration. Although this is an optimal situation for the removal of PO<sub>4</sub>, it leads to two problems. First, the filtered water is not suitable for direct disposition in sewers, since the pH is higher than the limit established by the wastewater legislation (9.5). Second, a pH value larger than 9 determines the precipitation of PO<sub>4 </sub>regardless of the presence of the composite, which suggests that the PO<sub>4</sub> is not adsorbed by the composites, thus not leading to the desired complex</p><p>In order to quantify the exact amount of PO<sub>4</sub> adsorbed by the composite, the experiments have been repeated under controlled pH, keeping it around a value of 7 by the use of a mild acid. In this condition, after 1h treatment, 50% of phosphate was removed and bound to the composite</p><p>The work intends to present the results at laboratory scale and next steps at higher TRL.</p>