Recombinant DNA and the major psychiatric disorders

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Michael Gill
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

AbstractThe two major psychiatric disorders, schizophrenia and the major affective disorders are among the most common genetic conditions in man. The precise biochemical defects which cause these disorders are unknown. This article reviews the new recombinant DNA techniques and their application to date in attempting to locate the genes responsible for these disorders. As has been demonstrated for other genetic conditions, these techniques may help to elucidate the biochemical defects which lead to the development of the more genetic forms of these psychiatric illnesses.

Genetic Implications in Assortative Mating of Affective Disorders

1981 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Smeraldi ◽  
Fiammetta Negri ◽  
Anna Maria Melica ◽  
Rosanna Zuliani ◽  
Mariangela Gasperini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
First Degree Relatives ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Primary Affective Disorders

SummaryPsychiatric disorders in a sample of spouses of probands with recurrent Primary Affective Disorders (PAD) and in their first degree relatives were evaluated and compared with those in the spouses of control subjects without psychiatric illnesses. No differences were found in the risk for PAD, but spouses of PAD patients and their respective first degree relatives manifested a greater incidence of affective spectrum disorders.

Allostasis and neuroprogression in major psychiatric disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Iria Grande ◽  
Flávio Kapczinski ◽  
Sebastián Camino ◽  
Gustavo Vázquez ◽  
Eduard Vieta
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Allostatic Load ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
The Brain

The hypothesis of allostasis may be a pertinent model to explain the course of psychiatric illnesses by means of stress and to explain the dimensional impact of mental disorders on the organism, not only on the brain but on other organs of the body. Moreover, it is also suitable to explain the neuroprogression of psychiatric disorders from a ‘wear and tear’ approach, detailing the progressive increase of cognitive impairment, accelerated ageing, and rates of medical and psychiatric comorbidities that patients with major psychiatric disorders have. In this chapter, the concepts of allostasis, allostatic load, and allostatic overload are detailed from a neuroprogressive approach and their application to neuropsychiatric illnesses is explained in relation to anxiety disorders, affective disorders, such as unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, and psychotic syndromes.

Anticholinergic Burden among Hospitalised Older Adults with Psychiatric Illnesses- A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Shanker Reddy Mukku ◽  
Preeti Sinha ◽  
Palanimuthu Thangaraju Sivakumar ◽  
Mathew Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Anticholinergic Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Anticholinergic Burden ◽  
Number Of Males

Background: Drugs with anticholinergic properties are known to be associated with deleterious effects on cognition in older adults. There is a paucity of literature in this aspect in older adults with psychiatric disorders. Objective: To examine the anticholinergic cognitive burden and its predictors in hospitalised older adults having psychiatric disorders. Methods: Case records of older adults who sought inpatient care under the Geriatric Psychiatry Unit from January, 2019 to June, 2019 were reviewed. The anticholinergic burden was assessed with Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) scale updated version, 2012. Results: Sample included 129 older adults with an almost equal number of males (53.48%) and females (46.52%) having a mean age of 67.84 (SD = 6.96) years. The diagnostic spectrum included depression (34.89%), dementia (31.01%), mania (10.85%), psychosis (13.95%), delirium (6.20%) and others (3.1%). 60.47% of the patients had more than one medical illness. 48.84% of the older adults had clinically relevant anticholinergic cognitive burden ( ACB score ≥ 3). Use of 3 or more psychotropic drugs (OR = 4.88), diagnosis of psychosis/ mania (OR = 7.62) and dementia/ delirium (neurocognitive disorders group) (OR = 5.17) increased the risk of ACB score ≥ 3. Conclusion: Nearly half of the older adults in psychiatry in-patient setting had clinically relevant anticholinergic burden, which was associated with higher use of psychotropics. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring for anticholinergic effects of psychotropics in older adults.

scholarly journals Characterization of an associated microfibril protein through recombinant DNA techniques.

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 (14) ◽  
pp. 10087-10095
Author(s):  
S.K. Horrigan ◽  
C.B. Rich ◽  
B.W. Streeten ◽  
Z.Y. Li ◽  
J.A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

Report of the committee on human gene mapping by recombinant DNA techniques

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 210-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Skolnick ◽  
H.F. Willard ◽  
L.A. Menlove
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mapping ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Human Gene ◽  
Human Gene Mapping ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

Recombinant DNA techniques; an introduction

Gene ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 26 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 323-324
Author(s):  
A.J. Podhajska
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

Recombinant DNA techniques in diagnostic and preventive medicine

BioEssays ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Hodgkinson ◽  
Peter Scambler
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Medicine ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

scholarly journals Influenza virus hemagglutinin-specific cytotoxic T cell response induced by polypeptide produced in Escherichia coli.

1985 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Yamada ◽  
M R Ziese ◽  
J F Young ◽  
Y K Yamada ◽  
F A Ennis
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Protein Immunization ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques

We have tested the abilities of various polypeptides of A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus, constructed by recombinant DNA techniques, to induce influenza virus-specific secondary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. A hybrid protein (c13 protein), consisting of the first 81 amino acids of viral nonstructural protein (NS1) and the HA2 subunit of viral hemagglutinin (HA), induced H-2-restricted, influenza virus subtype-specific secondary CTL in vitro, although other peptides did not. Using a recombinant virus, the viral determinant responsible for recognition was mapped to the HA2 portion of c13 protein. Immunization of mice with c13 protein induced the generation of memory CTL in vivo. The CTL precursor frequencies of A/PR/8/34 virus- and c13 protein-immune mice were estimated as one in 8,047 and 50,312, respectively. These results indicate that c13 protein primed recipient mice, even though the level of precursor frequency was below that observed in virus-immune mice.

scholarly journals Molecular biology of baculovirus and its use in biological control in Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1733-1761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elita Batista de Castro ◽  
Marlinda Lobo de Souza ◽  
William Sihler ◽  
Júlio Carlyle Macedo Rodrigues ◽  
Bergmann Morais Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Virus Propagation ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Occlusion Bodies ◽  
Budded Virus ◽  
Recombinant Dna Techniques ◽  
High Level ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

Baculoviruses are insect viruses found mainly in Lepidoptera. The family Baculoviridae is taxonomically divided in two genera, Nucleopolyhedrovirus and Granulovirus, which differ by occlusion body morphology. NPVs (Nucleopolyhedroviruses) have polyhedrical inclusion bodies (PIBs) containing multiple viral particles, while GVs (Granuloviruses) appear to be generally single particles occluded in oval shaped occlusion bodies. During the life cycle, two different viral progenies are produced: BV (Budded Virus) and PDV (Polyhedra Derived Virus), which are essential for the infectious process and virus propagation in host cells. Baculoviruses are being used for pest control and they are especially safe due to their specificity and invertebrate-restricted host range. Baculoviruses have been used as vectors for high level protein expression ofheterologous genes from prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Also, recombinant DNA techniques have allowed the production of genetically modified viral insecticides. This study is a review on the taxonomy, structure, replication and molecular biology of baculoviruses, as well as their use as bioinsecticides in Brazil.

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