Did the Great Irish Famine increase schizophrenia?

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dermot Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Diagnostic Labels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Great Irish Famine ◽  
Period Data ◽  
First Admission

AbstractBackground: Evidence from regions where there have been severe dietary restriction suggests that individuals in utero during periods of starvation may subsequently be at increased risk of schizophrenia. Because Ireland was the location of a major nineteenth century famine an attempt has been made to determine whether any such evidence for famine/schizophrenia association can be found.Method: The data used derive mainly from the Annual Reports on the District, Criminal and Private Lunatic Asylums supplied by the Inspectors of Lunacy in Ireland for the relevant years. Nineteenth century diagnostic labels have been adjusted to conform to schizophrenia as currently understood. Evidence relating to a possible schizophrenia increase in famine-related emigrants is examined.Results: There was an increase in first admission rates for schizophrenia of 85.7% from 1860 to 1875. Admissions for other disorders, chiefly melancholia, also increased. Similar admission increases were evident in other jurisdictions over the same period. Data relating to the mental health of famine – migrating Irish are sparse and of difficult interpretation.Conclusion: The evidence from available data sources attempting to link the Irish famines of the 1840s with a subsequent increase in the incidence of schizophrenia is equivocal and inconclusive.

Youth, Generations, and Collective Action in Nineteenth-Century Ireland and Italy

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 934-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall Whelehan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Young People ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Social Unrest ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Great Irish Famine ◽  
Adult Status ◽  
Generational Consciousness

AbstractThis article examines concepts of youth, maturity, and generations in nineteenth-century Ireland and Italy and perceived connections between young people and political and social unrest. I demonstrate that, rather than being consistent, the involvement of younger generations in radicalism was uneven, and varied significantly with historical contexts. I argue that the authorities frequently exaggerated associations between young people and radicalism as a subtle strategy of exclusion, as a means of downgrading the significance of collective action and portraying it as a criminal, emotional, or even recreational matter rather than a political one, a tendency that has often been reinforced in the historiography. Descriptions of youth and maturity should not be understood as merely reflections of age. They were not value-free, and served as indicators of individuals' social standing and political agency or lack thereof. Yet fighting in a rebellion offered an alternative to marriage, owning property, or education for the achievement of “manhood,” or adult status and political agency. The article also investigates how the Great Irish Famine shaped generational consciousness in the second half of the nineteenth century through an analysis of the participants in nationalist and agrarian violence. In all, over four thousand participants in collective action in Ireland and Italy are examined.

Did the Great Irish Famine Matter?

1991 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin O' Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Price Shocks ◽  
International Commodity ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
Great Irish Famine

This article tests the hypothesis that price shocks in international commodity markets would by themselves have led to a fall in agricultural labor demand in rural Ireland in the absence of the Famine. This hypothesis has been used by revisionist historians to argue that the Famine was not a structural break between two distinct eras in Irish economic history. In refuting the hypothesis, this article joins a more recent cliometric tradition that has sought to restore the Famine to its rightful place as a major watershed in nineteenth-century Ireland.

scholarly journals LORD PALMERSTON AND THE IRISH FAMINE EMIGRATION

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
TYLER ANBINDER
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Irish Famine ◽  
The Third ◽  
Great Irish Famine

The career of the third Viscount Palmerston as foreign secretary and prime minister has been thoroughly studied, but few are aware that he was one of the first Irish landlords to finance the emigration of starving tenants during the great Irish famine. Although the first boatloads of emigrants were well outfitted, by the end of 1847 Palmerston stood accused of cruelly mistreating his departing tenants. One Canadian official compared conditions on the vessels he chartered to those of the slave trade. Given the tremendous detail with which historians have scrutinized Palmerston's long career, it is surprising that no thorough account of either the management of his Irish estate or of his emigration scheme has ever been written. An examination of the programme under which 2,000 residents of Palmerston's Sligo estate fled to America in 1847 adds significantly to our understanding of the career of one of Britain's most important nineteenth-century statesmen, the complicated motives driving landlords to ‘shovel out’ their impoverished tenants, and an often-forgotten means by which thousands of the most destitute famine-era immigrants made their way to America.

The Most Dangerous Game: A Review of Head and Neck Injuries in American Football and Rugby

2022 ◽  
pp. 194338752110734
Author(s):  
Jordan Richardson ◽  
Dani Stanbouly ◽  
Harrison Moynihan ◽  
Renée M. Reynolds ◽  
Matthew J. Recker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
American Football ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Neck Injuries ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Increased Risk

Study Design The investigators designed and implemented a 20-year cross-sectional study using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database. Objective The purpose of this study is to estimate and compare hospital admission (danger) rates between rugby and football of those who presented to the emergency department with head and neck injuries after playing these sports. Methods The primary predictor variable was sport played. The primary outcome variable was danger, measured by hospital admission rates. Results Over the past 20 years, there has been a trend of decreasing incidence of injuries presenting to the emergency department in both sports. There was no difference in the rate of hospital admission when comparing football and rugby (OR, 1.2; P = .1). Male gender was associated with an increased risk of admission. Other variables associated with hospital admission included white racial group, injury taking place in the fall, being either young (15–24 years old) or senior (65 years of age and over), and being injured at school or at a sport/recreational facility. Conclusions There is no difference in danger as measured by admission rates between American football and rugby. There exists, however, several variables that are associated with admission when sustaining injury to the head and neck, when playing these two sports.

scholarly journals Atlas of the Great Irish Famine

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 147-148
Author(s):  
Enda Delaney
Keyword(s):  
Irish Famine ◽  
Great Irish Famine
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document