Sand Sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) and Brittle Pricklypear (Opuntia fragilis) Control

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Artemisia Filifolia ◽  
Sand Sagebrush ◽  
Ether Ester

Experiments were conducted at Bridgeport, NE, during 1983 through 1987 to select alternatives for silvex and 2,4,5-T for sand sagebrush and brittle pricklypear control. Of the six herbicides examined, the butoxyethyl ester of 2,4-D at 2.2 kg ae/ha was equivalent to the propylene glycol butyl ether ester of silvex or 2,4,5-T for sand sagebrush control. The potassium salt of picloram at 0.3 kg ae/ha was equal to silvex for brittle pricklypear control.

Extraction, Separation, and GLC Detection of Silvex and Its Propylene Glycol Butyl Ether Ester in Fish Tissue

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-785
Author(s):  
Philip W Williams ◽  
John I Teasley
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Fish Tissue ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Extraction Separation ◽  
Recovery Study ◽  
Chromatographic Detection ◽  
Ether Ester

Abstract A method is described for the quantitative analysis of silvex and its propylene glycol butyl ether ester in fish tissue. A methanolic extraction and gas chromatographic detection yielded recoveries from fortified fish tissue of 80 to 96% at levels of 0.005 to 1 ppm for the ester and 84 to 98% at 0.002 to 1 ppm for the acid. In an additional recovery study, the extraction procedure was monitored with the PGBE ester labeled at the carboxylic carbon (14C). Live fish were exposed to an aqueous environment containing the labeled PGBE ester and were extracted by the procedure. It was found that 95% of the PGBE ester and its degradation products can be extracted from the tissue with methanol.

Response of Woody Species to 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and Picloram as a Function of Treatment Method

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Coble ◽  
R. P. Upchurch ◽  
J. A. Keaton
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ether Ester

Naturally-established individual specimens of 12 woody plant species occurring in North Carolina were treated with foliar, dormant stem, and basal applications of the propylene glycol butyl ether ester formulation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), the propylene glycol butyl ether ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and the potassium salt of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram). The triethanolamine salt of 2,4,5-T also was applied as a foliar treatment. Three rates of each herbicide were used. Responses measured were percent control of original shoots, percent regrowth, shoot height, and number of live stems per plant. No differences were observed between the amine and ester formulations of 2,4,5-T applied as foliar sprays except on rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum L.) where the ester produced 86% control compared to 28% for the amine salt. Foliar sprays of picloram were effective in controlling all species except white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.), sweet bay (Magnolia virginiana L.), and rhododendron. Control of these species averaged only 45% compared to 96% on all other species studied. No species was effectively controlled by dormant stem or basal applications of picloram. All species considered, the propylene glycol butyl ether ester of 2,4,5-T applied as a dormant stem or basal application provided the most consistent results, giving 89% and 91% control, respectively.

Control of Green Rabbitbrush and Big Sagebrush with 2,4-D and Picloram

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Tueller ◽  
Raymond A. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
The Third ◽  
Brush Control ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A mixed stand of green rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. var. puberulus Jepson) and big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) was sprayed at different dates for 3 years with potassium salt of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) at ¼, ½, and 1 1b/A, propylene glycol butyl ether esters of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 1, 2, and 3 1b/A, and a mixture of triisopropanolamine salts of picloram plus 2,4-D at ¼ plus 1 and ½ plus 2 1b/A. Picloram at ½ and 1 1b/A controlled rabbitbrush but not sagebrush. Poor rabbitbrush control and fair to good sagebrush control resulted from 2,4-D. The mixture of picloram and 2,4-D controlled rabbitbrush well but only partially controlled sagebrush. Forage release from brush control was negligible the first 2 years after spraying. During the third and subsequent years, production of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.) was greatly increased.

Effectiveness and Distribution of 2,4,5-T, Triclopyr, Picloram, and 3,6-Dichloropicolinic Acid in Honey Mesquite (Prosopis julifloravar.glandulosa)

Weed Science ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Bovey ◽  
M. S. Mayeux
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Stem Tissue ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Upward Transport ◽  
Honey Mesquite

Greenhouse-grown honey mesquite [Prosopis juliflora(Swartz) DC. var.glandulosa(Torr.) Cockerell] plants were treated with the propylene glycol butyl ether esters of 2,4,5-T [(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], the triethylamine salt or the ethylene glycol butyl ether esters of triclopyr {[(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl) oxy]acetic acicd}, the potassium salt of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), or the monoethanol amine salt of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid applied at the rate of 1.1 kg/ha to soil, foliage, or soil plus foliage. All herbicides were effective as foliar sprays in killing the stems of honey mesquite. When applied to the soil, picloram and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid killed all above ground stems, and the ester and amine formulation of triclopyr killed 70 and 91% of the stem tissue, respectively, but 2,4,5-T was ineffective. Accumulation of herbicides in leaves 10 days after foliar spray was 28, 167, and 266 μg/g fresh wt for triclopyr, 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid, and picloram, respectively. Upward transport of picloram and 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid (2.7 to 5.9 μg/g) was also more extensive than that of 2,4,5-T or triclopyr after soil treatment. Higher concentrations of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid than 2,4,5-T, triclopyr, or picloram usually was found in honey mesquite stems and roots 3, 10, or 30 days after application to soil or foliage. This may be one reason that 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid is highly effective in controlling honey mesquite.

Fringed Sagebrush (Artemisia frigida) Control in Western Nebraska

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
James Stubbendieck
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Artemisia Frigida ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽  
Ether Ester

Two experiments were conducted to determine the most effective herbicide treatments for fringed sagebrush (Artemisia frigida Willd.) control in rangelands. In the first study the potassium salt of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) at 0.1, 0.6, and 0.8 kg/ha; picloram + the propylene glycol butyl ether ester of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] at 0.1 + 1.1 kg/ha; the monoethanolamine salt of 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid at 1.1 kg/ha; 3,6-dichloropicolinic acid + 2,4-D at 0.6 + 1.1 kg/ha; and the dimethylamine salt of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid) + 2,4-D at 0.6 + 1.1 kg/ha applied in late summer at flowering, showed the greatest potential for fringed sagebrush control. In the second experiment, the potassium salt of picloram at 0.3 kg/ha applied either in the spring or late summer gave 94 to 100% fringed sagebrush control, respectively, 1 yr after application. Control of fringed sagebrush had declined to 50% 3 yr after application. Production of perennial grasses from plots receiving picloram at 0.3 kg/ha in 1976 was increased by 410 kg/ha in 1977, 450 kg/ha in 1978, and 430 kg/ha in 1979 over that of the untreated plots.

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