Response of Woody Species to 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and Picloram as a Function of Treatment Method

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. D. Coble ◽  
R. P. Upchurch ◽  
J. A. Keaton
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
White Ash ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Ether Ester

Naturally-established individual specimens of 12 woody plant species occurring in North Carolina were treated with foliar, dormant stem, and basal applications of the propylene glycol butyl ether ester formulation of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), the propylene glycol butyl ether ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and the potassium salt of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram). The triethanolamine salt of 2,4,5-T also was applied as a foliar treatment. Three rates of each herbicide were used. Responses measured were percent control of original shoots, percent regrowth, shoot height, and number of live stems per plant. No differences were observed between the amine and ester formulations of 2,4,5-T applied as foliar sprays except on rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum L.) where the ester produced 86% control compared to 28% for the amine salt. Foliar sprays of picloram were effective in controlling all species except white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), sweet gum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.), sweet bay (Magnolia virginiana L.), and rhododendron. Control of these species averaged only 45% compared to 96% on all other species studied. No species was effectively controlled by dormant stem or basal applications of picloram. All species considered, the propylene glycol butyl ether ester of 2,4,5-T applied as a dormant stem or basal application provided the most consistent results, giving 89% and 91% control, respectively.

Control of Green Rabbitbrush and Big Sagebrush with 2,4-D and Picloram

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul T. Tueller ◽  
Raymond A. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Crested Wheatgrass ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
The Third ◽  
Brush Control ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

A mixed stand of green rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus (Hook.) Nutt. var. puberulus Jepson) and big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) was sprayed at different dates for 3 years with potassium salt of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) at ¼, ½, and 1 1b/A, propylene glycol butyl ether esters of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at 1, 2, and 3 1b/A, and a mixture of triisopropanolamine salts of picloram plus 2,4-D at ¼ plus 1 and ½ plus 2 1b/A. Picloram at ½ and 1 1b/A controlled rabbitbrush but not sagebrush. Poor rabbitbrush control and fair to good sagebrush control resulted from 2,4-D. The mixture of picloram and 2,4-D controlled rabbitbrush well but only partially controlled sagebrush. Forage release from brush control was negligible the first 2 years after spraying. During the third and subsequent years, production of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult.) was greatly increased.

Meiotic and Morphological Response of Grain Sorghum to Atrazine, 2,4-D, Oil, and their Combinations

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
George H. L. Liang ◽  
K. C. Feltner ◽  
O. G. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Basic Number ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Sorghum Vulgare ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Ether Ester ◽  
Petroleum Oil

Grain sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pers.) was sprayed in 1966 and 1967 with 2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine (atrazine), propylene glycol butyl ether ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), alkanolamine salts of 2,4-D, and nonphytotoxic petroleum oil (crop oil) or their combinations when plant heights were 2 to 4, 4 to 6, and 6 to 8 inches for grass weeds, broadleaf weeds, and sorghum, respectively. Pollen mother cells from all herbicide-treated sorghum revealed chromosomal aberrations, mostly aneuploidy and polyploidy, and aberration frequencies increased when herbicides were combined. Added chromosomes were not always of the basic number. Atrazine-treated plots produced highest grain yields, kernel numbers were reflected in grain yield (r = .96), and untreated plants flowered first.

Vapor Pressures of Low-Volatile Esters of 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Flint ◽  
J. J. Alexander ◽  
O. P. Funderburk
Keyword(s):  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Ether Linkage ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Hydrocarbon Alcohols ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Volatile Esters ◽  
Chain Hydrocarbon

The vapor pressures of the four most common commercial low-volatile esters and a reference high-volatile ester of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were determined by gas-liquid chromatography. The order of increasing volatility and the vapor pressure of these esters in mm of Hg at 187 C are as follows: isooctyl—2.7; 2-ethylhexyl—3.0; butoxy ethanol—3.9; propylene glycol butyl ether—3.9; and the reference, isopropyl—16.7. Extrapolations to 25 C support this ranking at working temperatures. Commercial esters of 2,4-D derived from long-chain hydrocarbon alcohols are in the same volatility range as the commercial esters containing an ether linkage.

Dynamique de la végétation d'emprises de lignes de transport d'énergie

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1730-1738
Author(s):  
M. Darveau ◽  
P. Bellefleur
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
The Impact

We made a preliminary study of the impact of phytocides on plant dynamics in the corridors of Hydro-Québec power lines. Three hypotheses were tested: the first assumed that the phytocides changed vegetation composition and structure in the corridors; the second assumed that the corridor under the power line favored the development of an ecotone at its border with the forest; the third assumed that the method used for initial cutting of the corridors (bulldozer or chain saw) affected the forthcoming vegetation for over 15 years. Vegetation was sampled on one control power line and four power lines maintained with mixtures of picloram, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and sodium trichloroacetate. Multidimensional statistical analysis was used to show the underlying structure of the raw data and to test the hypotheses. We found out that phytocides are very efficient on woody species to the advantage of herbs, mostly grass, which invaded the corridors and created rather stable artificial communities. No significant ecotone was found at the border line of the corridors and the forest. The influence of the method for initial cutting of the corridors, although severe the first few years, disappeared after about 10 years under the action of the phytocides.

Sand Sagebrush (Artemisia filifolia) and Brittle Pricklypear (Opuntia fragilis) Control

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Artemisia Filifolia ◽  
Sand Sagebrush ◽  
Ether Ester

Experiments were conducted at Bridgeport, NE, during 1983 through 1987 to select alternatives for silvex and 2,4,5-T for sand sagebrush and brittle pricklypear control. Of the six herbicides examined, the butoxyethyl ester of 2,4-D at 2.2 kg ae/ha was equivalent to the propylene glycol butyl ether ester of silvex or 2,4,5-T for sand sagebrush control. The potassium salt of picloram at 0.3 kg ae/ha was equal to silvex for brittle pricklypear control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document