Response of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) to Plant Growth Regulator Application Dates

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Application Date

Mon 4620 at 2.8 kg ai/ha, paclobutrazol plus mefluidide at 1.1 plus 0.4 kg ai/ha, and flurprimidol plus mefluidide at 1.1 plus 0.4 kg ai/ha were applied on four dates to determine their influence on highly maintained tall fescue turf. Seedhead suppression was good to excellent by Mon 4620 applied March 1 or 18 and by paclobutrazol plus mefluidide and flurprimidol plus mefluidide applied anytime from March 1 until April 1. None of the plant growth regulators (PGRs) suppressed seedheads effectively when applied April 15 when the grass was near the end of the rapid growth cycle and just before seedhead emergence. Vegetative growth of mowed tall fescue was suppressed for 8 weeks in 1987 when PGRs were applied March 1 immediately after full green-up. Application dates were not as important in 1988 as in 1987. Tall fescue was injured the least by Mon 4620 applied in March and by flurprimidol plus mefluidide applied on March 18. Paclobutrazol plus mefluidide injured the turf severely regardless of application date.

scholarly journals Type and Rate of Plant Growth Regulator Influence Vegetative, Floral Growth, and Quality of Little Lime™ Hydrangea

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana R. Cochran ◽  
Amy Fulcher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Branch Number

The objective of these experiments was to evaluate the response of Little Lime™ hardy hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata ‘Jane’) across two seasons in response to single foliar applications of three plant growth regulators (PGRs) at two rates: dikegulac sodium at 800 or 1600 ppm, benzyladenine at 300 or 600 ppm, or ethephon at 500 or 1000 ppm. There were two additional treatments: a hand-pruned control leaving three nodes and an unpruned water control (untreated) applied the same day as the PGR applications. To evaluate PGR efficacy, vegetative growth, floral attributes, branch symmetry, and phytotoxicity were assessed. Dikegulac sodium significantly increased branch number (BN) compared with all other treatments. Branch symmetry was greater in dikegulac sodium (800 or 1600 ppm) and hand-pruned treatments compared with the untreated and other PGR treatments (2011 and 2012). Flower number was greater in all PGR treatments compared with hand-pruned plants (2011 and 2012). The only treatment that promoted more symmetrical branching without reducing flower count was dikegulac sodium (800 or 1600 ppm). Phytotoxicity was observed in both seasons; however, no injury symptoms were evident 16 weeks after treatment (WAT), the termination of the experiment.

Response of Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) to Plant Growth Regulators and Mowing Frequency

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Plant Injury

Mefluidide, Mon 4620, paclobutrazol plus mefluidide, and flurprimidol plus mefluidide temporarily injured and discolored tall fescue without reducing shoot density. Mefluidide at 0.43 kg ai/ha and Mon 4620 at 2.8 kg ai/ha suppressed vegetative growth of mowed grass 4 weeks while unmowed grass was suppressed for 8 weeks. Mefluidide at 0.14 kg/ha with either flurprimidol at 1.1 kg ai/ha or paclobutrazol at 1.1 kg ai/ha suppressed vegetative growth of mowed tall fescue for 5 and 6 weeks, respectively. Combination treatments also suppressed the growth of nonmowed tall fescue 8 to 10 weeks. Mowing effectively suppressed seedheads for 12 weeks when the grass was mowed at 3 and 6 weeks, while mowing only once at 4 weeks did not. Seedhead suppression was not improved with weekly mowing compared with two mowings. Mowing influenced the performance of plant growth regulators on vegetative growth and seedhead control but not plant injury, quality, or shoot density.

scholarly journals Response of Tall Fescue to Plant Growth Regulators and Mowing Frequencies

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Turf Quality

Abstract Tall fescue (Festuca arundinace Schred.) produces rapid growth during a 6- to 8-week period in early spring. A field experiment was initiated on tall fescue to determine the number of mowings that can be eliminated by the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) during this rapid growth period. Primo (CGA 163935) applied at 0.4 kg/ha (0.36 lb/A) mid-March suppressed vegetative growth for 3 to 5 weeks and eliminated 3 mowings during the first 5 weeks after treatment during 1990 and 1991 and eliminated 2 mowings during 1993. Primo (CGA 163935) applied at this rate did not reduce the quality and density of tall fescue below the acceptable level. Primo (CGA 163935) applied at 0.8 kg/ha (0.72 lb/A) eliminated 1 additional mowing during the 5 weeks after treatment in 2 of 3 years when compared with the 0.4 kg/ha (0.36 lb/A) rate. However, turf quality was consistently lower for 6 to 7 weeks after the tall fescue was treated with the 0.8 kg/ha (0.72 lb/A) rate. Embark (mefluidide) applied at 0.42 kg/ha (0.38 lb/A) performed similarly to Primo (CGA 163935), except the quality and density of the turf were reduced below the acceptable level at various times during the study. There was no advantage in the use of Cutless (flurprimidol) plus Embark (mefluidide) at 1.1 + 0.14 kg/ha (1.0 + 0.12 lb/A) or paclobutrazole (PP 333) plus Embark (mefluidide) at 1.1 + 0.14 kg/ha (1.0 + 0.12 lb/A) on suppressing vegetative growth of tall fescue when compared with Embark (mefluidide) at 0.42 kg/ha (0.38 lb/A) alone. Neither Limit (amidochlor) at 2.8 kg/ha (2.5 lb/A) nor paclobutrazol (PP 333) at 1.1 kg/ha (1.0 lb/A) suppressed vegetative growth as effectively as Primo (CGA 163935) or Embark (mefluidide).

Sequential Herbicide and Plant Growth Regulator Treatments on Bermudagrass (Cynodonspp.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson ◽  
Tim R. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Suppression

Sequential applications of MSMA plus metribuzin with selected plant growth regulators interacted synergistically and increased injury of ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass 1 and 2 wk after treatment. However, the higher injury at 3 wk after treatment, from sequential MSMA plus metribuzin with flurprimidol plus mefluidide or paclobutrazol with mefluidide, was additive. The vegetative growth suppression of bermudagrass at 2 wk after treatment with 2,4-D plus mecoprop plus dicamba with flurprimidol was antagonistic. The higher growth suppression 2 wk after treatment for MSMA plus metribuzin and flurprimidol plus mefluidide was additive compared to flurprimidol with mefluidide alone.

Response of Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) Cultivars to Multiple Plant Growth Regulator Treatments

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belly J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Severely Injured ◽  
Common Bermudagrass ◽  
Better Than

Plant growth regulators were evaluated on common and African ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass. Flurprimidol plus mefluidide applied at 1.1 plus 0.14 kg ha-1 and followed by 0.56 plus 0.14 kg ha-1 at 2- to 3-week interval suppressed vegetative growth of mowed common bermudagrass for 5 wk (17 to 23%) and unmowed turf for 6 wk (40%), but severely injured the turf. The injury ranged from 25 to 32% from 2 to 6 wk after treatment. The plant growth regulators that injured common bermudagrass less than flurprimidol plus mefluidide did not suppress the mowed turf for as long a period. Vegetative growth of common bermudagrass not mowed was suppressed for 6 wk when treated once with flurprimidol plus mefluidide and twice with flurprimidol, mefluidide, imazethapyr, paclobutrazol (1.1 plus 1.1 kg ha-1), and paclobutrazol plus mefluidide. Of the plant growth regulators evaluated, only imazethapyr suppressed common bermudagrass seedheads. The suppression was 70% for 4 wk, but reduced to <70% by 5 wk. Paclobutrazol applied initially at 1.1 kg ha-1 and followed at 0.56 kg ha-1 suppressed vegetative growth of mowed Tifway bermudagrass for 5 wk and unmowed turf for 8 wk without causing severe injury. The suppression of mowed Tifway bermudagrass with two applications of paclobutrazol was as good or better than with any other plant growth regulator. All plant growth regulators suppressed vegetative growth of unmowed Tifway bermudagrass for 8 wk.

PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ACTIVITY OF SOLUBLE HUMIC COMPLEXES

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. CACCO ◽  
G. DELL’AGNOLA
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Stem Curvature ◽  
Cytokinin Bioassays

Auxin and cytokinin bioassays were performed to test the biological activity of soluble humic complexes (SHC). "Pea split stem curvature" (auxin test) and "cucumber" tests (cytokinin test) did not show any quantifiable biological activity of SHC. On the contrary, "cress test" and "senescence test" offered good evidence of a hormonal-like activity 100 times lower than that of IAA (10 mg IAA∙g−1 SHC) and 10 times lower than that of N6 BA (100 mg N6 BA∙g−1 SHC). At a high concentration of SHC, toxic effects were evident, indicating the presence of inhibitory substances which counteracted the hormone-like activity of humic complexes. Key words: Plant growth regulators, soluble humic complexes

Effect of Azorhizobium caulinodans on yield in plant growth regulator induced nodulated wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Reena Tomer ◽  
S. P. Singh ◽  
Varun Tomer ◽  
Mahesh Kumar ◽  
Nidhi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Azorhizobium Caulinodans ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Hoagland Solution ◽  
Maximum Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Pot Culture

In the laboratory seedling were induced with nodule-like outgrowths using different growth regulators 2,4-D,IBA and NAA in nitrogen free Hoagland solution. Induced seedlings were inoculated with Azorhizobium caulinodans (ORS 571) in wheat variety C-306. One set was also raised as control. The treated paranoulated wheat seedlings were transferred to pot culture. The data was collected on 30, 60 and 90 days after sowing, which reveals that as a Azorhizobium caulinodans with 2,4-D treated plants shows maximum photosynthetic rate followed by NAA and IBA combinations. The biomass production was maximum in Azorhizobium caulinodans treated with 2,4-D followed by IBA and NAA.

scholarly journals Plant Growth Regulator Impacts on Vegetative Cutting Production of Moroccan Pincushion (Pterocephalus depressus) Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Sean J. Markovic ◽  
James E. Klett
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stock Plant ◽  
Cutting Production

Abstract Moroccan pincushion (Pterocephalus depressus) is a drought-tolerant perennial that is being used in landscapes throughout arid areas of the western United States. This paper describes two experiments researching vegetative cutting production from stock plants. Moroccan pincushion stock plants received foliar applications of gibberellic acid (GA3), benzyladenine, ethephon, or auxin [indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)] plant growth regulators (PGR). Plant growth regulators were applied singularly and in combination with GA3 to determine efficacy on stock plant growth. A propagation study was conducted simultaneously to determine effects of these different PGR treatments applied to stock plants on the rooting of moroccan pincushion cuttings. The stock plant study showed GA3 + benzyladenine application increased cutting production over other PGR treatments. Fresh weight of moroccan pincushion cuttings did not differ among treatments. While cuttings did not differ in dry weight in experiment 1, statistical differences were observed in experiment 2. However, these differences in dry weight did not affect the quality of the cuttings. Cuttings from stock plants treated with GA3 + IBA treatment had the highest numerical growth index [(height + width + width)/3]. Cuttings from stock plants treated with GA3 alone or in combination with another PGR were all greater in average growth index and statistically differed from those without GA3 being applied. PGR treatments did not affect rooting percentages of the cuttings with nontreated stock plant cuttings successfully rooting at an average rate of 95%. However, GA3 + IBA was the only treatment where cuttings had 100% rooting for both experiments, indicating potential rooting benefits. Index words: Plant growth regulator, propagation, Pterocephalus depressus, vegetative cuttings. Species used in this study: Moroccan pincushion [Pterocephalus depressus Archibald]. Chemicals used in this study: gibberellic acid (GA3), benzyladenine, ethephon, indole-3-butyric acid (IBA).

scholarly journals Poinsettia Stem Strength

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 484A-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff S. Kuehny ◽  
Patricia Branch
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Stem Strength ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Fertilizer Rates ◽  
Drip Fertigation

Lateral branches of poinsettia tend to break from the main stem as plants reach maturity. The cause of poor stem strength is not known; however, suggested factors implicated in poor stem strength are: rate of nitrogen fertilizer used, type of plant growth regulator used, crowding of plants, or stem diameter of the cutting. Four different experiments were conducted to determine if these factors affected stem strength of poinsettia. Experiment 1: `Freedom Red', `Success', `V-17 Angelika Red', `Red Sails', `Nutcracker Red', `Cortez', `Maren', and `Red Splendor' poinsettia were fertilized with 20N–1P0–20K at 75, 75/125, 125/200, or 200 ppm N drip fertigation with zero leachate. Experiment 2: Three plant growth regulators were applied to `Pearl' and `Jolly Red' poinsettias. Experiment 3: `Freedom Red' plants were grown in a 625, 900, 1225, or 1600 cm2 area. Experiment 4: Rooted `Freedom Red' cuttings with stem diameters of 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, or 7.5 mm were used. A force meter was used to determine the strength of each lateral on the main stem of the six replications in each experiment. The lower laterals had the least stem strength and the top lateral had the highest stem strength for all treatments in all experiments. The stem strengths of some cultivars in experiment 1 were stronger at the lower fertilizer rates. Type of plant growth regulator had no significant affect on most poinsettia cultivars. The stem strengths of poinsettias in experiments 3 and 4 varied according to which lateral was measured.

scholarly journals USE OF FORCING SOLUTIONS TO STUDY PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR EFFECTS ON VANHOUTTE'S SPIRAEA CULTURED IN VITRO

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1124e-1124
Author(s):  
Guochen Yang ◽  
P. E. Read
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Forcing Solution

Vanhoutte's spiraea has been propagated in vitro using explants from softwood growth of dormant stems forced in a solution containing 200 mg/l 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate (8-HQC) and 2% sucrose (Yang and Read, 1989). Objectives to further utilize this system were to determine the feasibility of applying plant growth regulators (PGR) via the forcing solution to softwood growth from forced dormant stems and to study the resulting influence on in vitro culture. BA and GA3 were placed in the forcing solution at various concentrations, including a zero PGR control. Explants were cultured on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium containing zero PGR or different amounts of BA or thidiazuron (TDZ) or combinations of BA and IAA. Control explants placed on LS medium supplemented with 5uM BA with or without 1 or 5uM IAA, or with 0.5 or 0.75 uM TDZ alone produced the best shoot proliferation. BA in the forcing solution stimulated micropropagation, while GA3 caused less proliferation than explants from control solutions. Forcing solutions containing PGR are useful for manipulating responses of plant tissues cultured in vitro and for studying PGR influence on woody plant physiology.

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