Party Constraints on Leaders in Pursuit of Change

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-176
Author(s):  
Patricia Sykes
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Party System ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The U.S

Since the late nineteenth century, dissatisfaction with the U.S. party system has led political scientists to look across the Atlantic for ”responsible parties,” cohesive teams with leaders who articulate and promote distinctive programs for public policy. Yet U.S. political scientists have been misguided when they have searched for a different, superior set of parties in the United Kingdom. British parties have never possessed the internal cohesion characteristic of the responsible-parties model. Nor have they, for that matter, empowered their leaders to pursue change. When parties prove significant, influence operates in the British environment much as it does in the U.S. context—as a commodity bargained for among groups within the two major parties.

The Command of the Sea

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Morgan-Owen
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Naval Warfare ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The Royal Navy thought about war in a particular way in the late nineteenth century. This chapter explains how the contemporary Navy understood strategy as it pertained to protecting the United Kingdom from invasion. By examining the different approaches taken to war against France and Germany between 1885 and 1900 it shows how the Admiralty understood the defence of the British Isles in this period in largely symmetrical terms. The battle fleet remained key to naval warfare and to preventing invasion, but it did not need to be shackled to the British coastline in order to prevent a hostile power from attempting to cross the Channel.

scholarly journals Ireland, Wales, and Scotland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Oxford Movement ◽  
Church Of Scotland ◽  
Presbyterian Church ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In this chapter the author demonstrates that while the Oxford Movement was an English development, it also exercised a significant influence upon the other nations within the United Kingdom. In Ireland and Wales, where the established United Church of England and Ireland held the allegiance of only a minority of the population, small but influential groups of High Churchmen embraced Tractarian principles as a form of Church defence. In Scotland, Tractarian principles contributed to the modest revival of the small Scottish Episcopal Church, and also had unexpected consequences in promoting a Scoto-Catholic movement within the late nineteenth-century established Presbyterian Church of Scotland.

scholarly journals “The Most Improbable Diocese of the Anglican Communion”

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-117
Author(s):  
John Stuart
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Mission Church

The Anglican presence in Mozambique dates from the late nineteenth century. This article provides a historical overview, with reference to mission, church and diocese. It also examines ecclesiastical and other religious connections between Mozambique and the United Kingdom, South Africa and Portugal. Through focus on the career and writings of the English missionary-priest John Paul and on the episcopacy of the Portuguese-born bishop of Lebombo Daniel de Pina Cabral, the article furthermore examines Anglican affairs in Mozambique during the African struggle for liberation from Portuguese rule.

Beyond the Empire: British Influence on the Warsaw Theatre Scene in the Nineteenth Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-111
Author(s):  
Agata Łuksza
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Transfer ◽  
Popular Theatre ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Uk ◽  
British Culture ◽  
Point Of Reference

In the late nineteenth century British culture, politics and history were customary topics in Polish newspapers, and Shakespeare's dramas were the most often performed classic texts on the Warsaw theatre stage. However, in this paper focusing on Warsaw seasons 1814/1815–1900/1901 I demonstrate that surprisingly one can hardly talk about any form of cultural transfer between the British and Polish popular theatre and drama in that period. The analysis of the Warsaw repertoire, travel recollections to the United Kingdom and press articles, reveal that even though the Polish nation treated the UK as a point of reference, it consistently rejected the British theatre at large and theatre entertainment in particular, and considered it ‘crude’ and in bad taste. I claim that the geopolitical situation of Poland cannot alone account for this puzzle.

The Career of Clarence King

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
D. Tarbell ◽  
Ann Tarbell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Scientific Careers ◽  
Clarence King ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The U.S

As the first director of the U.S. Geological Survey Clarence King had significant influence on the development of American geology. From his first professional work, in 1863, until he died, in 1901, King was a leading figure within the American geological community. Although he was always interested in geology, King's career reflects personal concerns that had little, if anything, to do with science. Some of these personal factors and personal values can be identified. Examining them provides insight into the complexity of scientific careers in the late nineteenth century.

Limbs

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-106
Author(s):  
Sarah Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Racial Violence ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Mind And Body ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The U.S

This chapter traces a new visual genealogy of inner life as it appears in canonical late-nineteenth-century painter and portraitist Thomas Eakins’s work. It situates Eakins’s lauded portraits alongside the complex political and racialized questions about mind and body that emerged in the U.S. after the Civil War. It centers a reading of a marginal Eakins painting—Whistling for Plover—that Eakins gave as a gift to neurologist S. Weir Mitchell. This painting is a part of a web of inventive thinking about mind and body in the postbellum U.S., evincing the deep anxiety felt nationally over the bodily scars left by the Civil War’s racial violence, an anxiety that is essential to the development of the New Psychology as a discipline.

The European Grain Invasion, 1870–1913

1997 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin H. O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
European Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

The article quantifies the impact of cheap grain on the European economy in the late nineteenth century. Falling transport costs led to dramatic declines in Anglo-American grain price gaps, but price convergence was less impressive between the U.S. and other European economies, and within Europe. Cheaper grain meant lower rents throughout Europe, and protection boosted rents, but the magnitudes involved differed between countries. Similarly, cheap grain increased real wages in Britain, but lowered them elsewhere. The grain invasion implied different shocks across countries, and this partly explains the varying trade policies pursued in Europe during this period.

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