scholarly journals The Elephant in the Sales Room: Ivory and the British Antiques Trade

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Cox
Keyword(s):  
African Elephant ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Wildlife Trafficking ◽  
Elephant Ivory

Abstract:In March 2015, it was reported that His Royal Highness, the Duke of Cambridge would “like to see all the ivory owned by Buckingham Palace destroyed.” In May 2015, the Conservative Party’s manifesto stated that if elected the party would “press for a total ban on ivory sales,” and policy decisions made as part of President Obama’s National Strategy for Combating Wildlife Trafficking saw “all commercial imports of African elephant ivory, including antiques” being prohibited.1 In a changing international environment, the United Kingdom’s antique trade faces a threat to the legitimate sale of pre-1947 worked ivory without the extent of any illegal trade being clear. With only 15 convictions since 1992 for offences relating to the trade in ivory in the English courts, this article examines the two most recent cases, which came to court in 2014.

Combating the Illegal Trade in African Elephant Ivory with DNA Forensics

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1065-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL K. WASSER ◽  
WILLIAM JOSEPH CLARK ◽  
OFIR DRORI ◽  
EMILY STEPHEN KISAMO ◽  
CELIA MAILAND ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Elephant ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Elephant Ivory

African Elephant Ivory Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 755-755
Author(s):  
Carol M Stockton
Keyword(s):  
African Elephant ◽  
Elephant Ivory

scholarly journals How Many Elephants are Killed for the Ivory Trade?

Oryx ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. C. Parker ◽  
Esmond Bradley Martin
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
African Elephant ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
African Elephants ◽  
Elephant Ivory ◽  
Ivory Trade ◽  
Calculated Average

After careful examination of trade and other statistics, notably in Hong Kong and Japan, which are the two major importers of African elephant ivory, the authors calculated average tusk weights and estimated the number of elephants involved in Africa's raw ivory exports. They conclude that previous estimates of the number of African elephants killed have been exaggerated.

Part II Predominant Security Challenges and International Law, Environmental Security, Ch.33 Wild Fauna and Flora Protection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waschefort Gus
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
International Peace ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Wild Fauna ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
Elephant Ivory

This chapter explores wild fauna and flora protection. Recently, the United Nations Security Council, which bears ‘primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security’, has adopted a number of resolutions regarding the security situations in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic, in which a nexus is recognized between the poaching and associated illicit trade in wild fauna and flora (particularly elephant ivory) and international peace and security. While the chapter is concerned specifically with the link between the protection of wild fauna and flora and global security, the international legal regime geared towards such protection is most developed in the context of conservation and trade. The chapter looks at the broader conservation framework, with particular emphasis on the regime created by the 1973 Convention on Illegal Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). CITES is the apex instrument for the regulation of trade in wild fauna and flora.

scholarly journals Connections between trades and trafficking in wildlife and drugs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan van Uhm ◽  
Nigel South ◽  
Tanya Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Illicit Markets ◽  
Illicit Market ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Wildlife Trafficking ◽  
Single Commodity

AbstractWhilst drug trafficking has been a concern for several decades, wildlife trafficking has only fairly recently garnered international attention. Often media coverage of wildlife trafficking links it to the illegal trade of drugs. This article analyses wildlife and drug trafficking connections of various kinds. The purpose is to reveal the overlaps and synergies of wildlife and drug trafficking, providing concrete examples of where these markets co-exist as well as intertwine based on literature and original fieldwork. It explores the question of ‘Why in some cases, an illicit market remains focused on a single commodity, whilst in others it accommodates a combination of illicit commodities?’ This study identifies different types of wildlife-drugs linkages, including combined contraband, camouflage, multiple trade lines, shared smuggling routes and transportation methods, barter trade, and laundering drug money. The article shows that illicit markets are complex and the examples of activities and transactions that are provided illuminate some of the different dimensions of converging and diverging trades involving wildlife and drugs.

scholarly journals Wildlife Trafficking between the European Union and Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Arroyo-Quiroz ◽  
Tanya Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Wildlife Trade ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Trade Data ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Wildlife Trafficking ◽  
Global Threat

Illegal wildlife trade or wildlife trafficking is a global threat to all kinds of species, not just charismatic megafauna or wildlife in Africa and Asia. This paper presents the findings of an investigation of the illegal trade in native and non-native wildlife and wildlife products between the European Union and Mexico. Using literature analysis, secondary trade data and expert interviews, this study explores the nature and extent of wildlife trafficking between these two regions, including the involvement of organised crime within an eco-global criminological framework. This is important for the regions studied and for the global community more generally, as wildlife trafficking is contributing not only to species extinction, but also to instability, violence and unhealthy physical environments for humans.

CITES and the African Elephant

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-70
Author(s):  
Tatenda Leopold Chakanyuka
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
African Elephant ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Illegal Markets ◽  
Current Population ◽  
Ecological Imperialism ◽  
Ivory Trade ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This article focuses on the impact of the ban of international trade of the ivory of the African elephant under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. This species is overpopulated in some countries and threatened in other countries. Overall, its current population and the level of decline suggest a species that is endangered. The population disparities have created misunderstandings in terms of how to address the issues. Controversy has surrounded the two instances of legal sales of ivory, and the continuing ban on ivory trade from 1989 has contributed to animosity between pro-ban Western ‘conservationists’ and anti-ban African countries, with accusations of ‘ecological imperialism’ being levelled at some of the protagonists. The article observes that the vast global ivory market has largely been sustained by countries that have failed to effectively enact laws and/or enforce them, as well as failing to deal with corruption and illegal markets within their jurisdictions. It is argued that identifying such culprit countries and their role in promoting elephant poaching and ivory trade, and identifying the reasons behind the poaching and illegal trade, is crucial in reducing the incidence of poaching. The article argues that with a better understanding of the illegal trade, CITES can take deliberate steps to assist countries involved in the ivory trade where they need that support.

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