scholarly journals Connections between trades and trafficking in wildlife and drugs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan van Uhm ◽  
Nigel South ◽  
Tanya Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Illicit Markets ◽  
Illicit Market ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Wildlife Trafficking ◽  
Single Commodity

AbstractWhilst drug trafficking has been a concern for several decades, wildlife trafficking has only fairly recently garnered international attention. Often media coverage of wildlife trafficking links it to the illegal trade of drugs. This article analyses wildlife and drug trafficking connections of various kinds. The purpose is to reveal the overlaps and synergies of wildlife and drug trafficking, providing concrete examples of where these markets co-exist as well as intertwine based on literature and original fieldwork. It explores the question of ‘Why in some cases, an illicit market remains focused on a single commodity, whilst in others it accommodates a combination of illicit commodities?’ This study identifies different types of wildlife-drugs linkages, including combined contraband, camouflage, multiple trade lines, shared smuggling routes and transportation methods, barter trade, and laundering drug money. The article shows that illicit markets are complex and the examples of activities and transactions that are provided illuminate some of the different dimensions of converging and diverging trades involving wildlife and drugs.

scholarly journals European illegal puppy trade and organised crime

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Maher ◽  
Tanya Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Online Monitoring ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Animal Abuse ◽  
Illicit Markets ◽  
Illicit Market ◽  
Wildlife Trafficking ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Organised Crime Groups ◽  
The Uk

AbstractOrganised crime groups’ involvement in illicit markets is a common focus of law enforcement and governments. Drug, weapon, human and wildlife trafficking (and others) are all illegal activities with link to organised crime. This paper explores the overlooked illicit market of puppies. We detail the state of knowledge about the organisation of the UK puppy trade, which includes irresponsible and illegal breeding of puppies throughout Europe and their often-illegal movement into the UK. In 2017, we conducted an analysis of hundreds of online advertisements in Scotland, 12 expert interviews, a stakeholder survey of 53 participants, and 40 focus groups across Great Britain. Our data suggest an organised illicit market running in parallel to the legal trade. We speculate as to whether at some point along the supply chain organised crime groups are responsible for the suffering and death of the puppies and the economic and emotional damage to ‘consumers’. Online monitoring and physical scrutiny at the ports must be improved to reduce non-human animal abuse. People buying puppies must also be made aware that their purchase could be profiting organised crime.

Role of Panchakarma in management of Gridhrasi

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imlikumba . ◽  
Parappagoudra Mahesh ◽  
BA Lohith ◽  
K Singha ◽  
S Lalravi
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Back Ache ◽  
Different Dimensions

Panchakarma is a fruitful measure and its extensive efficacies are classified in different dimensions to cure different types of complicated diseases. Vamana, Virechana, Niruha, Anuvasana and Nasya are the five procedures and subsequently even Vamana, Virechana, Basti, Nasya and Rakta Mokshana are broadly termed as Panchakarma in day to day practices.The new diseases are evolving with intense gravity and therefore to combat those, Panchakarma is a very effective measure. In present era competition and advancement have led to hectic and stressful life, man has eventually forgotten the absolute enjoyment and solitary affection of nature and as a result is facing many health problems. Gridhrasi is no exception, it is correlated to sciatica in modern science where low back ache radiating to toes in the lateral aspect of the thigh associated with stiffness is the main complaint.

scholarly journals Interdicting International Drug Trafficking: a Network Approach for Coordinated and Targeted Interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giommoni ◽  
Giulia Berlusconi ◽  
Alberto Aziani
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Edge Betweenness ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Social Network Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
International Trafficking

AbstractThere is a relative dearth of literature on both the effects of cross-border interdictions and the impact of different types of interventions on international drug trafficking. This study identifies the main trafficking routes for cocaine and heroin, along with comparing the disruptive effects induced by targeted and non-coordinated interventions. It adopts a social network approach to identify the routes along which cocaine and heroin are trafficked, and then simulates the impact of different interdiction strategies on these two trafficking networks. The findings indicate that targeting countries based on their respective positions in the networks, as opposed to on the basis of the quantity of drugs exchanged, is more likely to disrupt drug flows. More specifically, concentrating law enforcement resources on countries with several incoming or outgoing trafficking connections, or those countries that mediate between producer, transit and consumer countries, would appear to be particularly effective in this regard. Interventions focused on specific trafficking routes are also likely to be effective if these routes have high edge betweenness centrality scores. This study contributes to extant understanding on the vulnerability of cocaine and heroin international trafficking networks, and, moreover, demonstrates that empirically-driven strategies are potentially more effective at interdicting international trafficking than non-strategic and non-coordinated interventions.

Circles on the Complex Plane

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
A. Girsh
Keyword(s):  
Euclidean Space ◽  
Complex Plane ◽  
Euclidean Plane ◽  
Complex Space ◽  
Radical Center ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Given ◽  
Made In

The Euclidean plane and Euclidean space themselves do not contain imaginary elements by definition, but are inextricably linked with them through special cases, and this leads to the need to propagate geometry into the area of imaginary values. Such propagation, that is adding a plane or space, a field of imaginary coordinates to the field of real coordinates leads to various variants of spaces of different dimensions, depending on the given axiomatics. Earlier, in a number of papers, were shown examples for solving some urgent problems of geometry using imaginary geometric images [2, 9, 11, 13, 15]. In this paper are considered constructions of orthogonal and diametrical positions of circles on a complex plane. A generalization has been made of the proposition about a circle on the complex plane orthogonally intersecting three given spheres on the proposition about a sphere in the complex space orthogonally intersecting four given spheres. Studies have shown that the diametrical position of circles on the Euclidean E-plane is an attribute of the orthogonal position of the circles’ imaginary components on the pseudo-Euclidean M-plane. Real, imaginary and degenerated to a point circles have been involved in structures and considered, have been demonstrated these circles’ forms, properties and attributes of their orthogonal position. Has been presented the construction of radical axes and a radical center for circles of the same and different types. A propagation of 2D mutual orthogonal position of circles on 3D spheres has been made. In figures, dashed lines indicate imaginary elements.

After the Airlifts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Varzally
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Attention ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

This chapter focuses upon the aftermath of Operation Babylift, the mass airlift of Vietnamese children to the United states on the eve of the nation’s formal withdrawal. Arguably the most dramatic episode of the unfolding adoption and migration story, it received overwhelming media coverage, captured international attention, and pushed Vietnamese adoptees to the center of debates about the war’s end and aftermath. Although the architects of the airlift hoped it would improve the America’s reputation and benefit Vietnamese children, it stoked significant controversy among Americans and Vietnamese who accused the U.S. and Vietnamese governments of playing politics. The airlift and its controversy also displayed the creative ways in which Vietnamese families stretched across national boundaries an, demanded reunions, and disputed American efforts to contain and control the legacies of war.

Construire un Espace Sémantique Pour Représenter la Polysémie D'un Marqueur Grammatical

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Victorri ◽  
Catherine Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Space ◽  
Computer Implementation ◽  
Continuous Space ◽  
Space Analysis ◽  
General Methodology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mathematical Formalization ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Abstract Operation ◽  
General Method

The study presented here constitutes an important part of a general project of modeling polysemy, which involves three steps: linguistic theory, mathematical formalization, and computer implementation. In this approach, two continuous spaces are to be constructed to model the behaviour of a polysemous expression: a contextual space to represent the context in which the expression appears and a semantic space to represent the different values that can be taken by this expression. We focus here on the problems involved in the construction of the semantic space, illustrating our general method on the example of the French adverb encore. After a brief description of our framework, we present a general methodology to represent the different meanings of the polysemous expression as regions of a continuous space. Analysis of a real corpus of utterances containing encore revealed a small number of typical values. There appear to be both (1) a unique semantic kernel of the expression, which defines the basic abstract operation associated with the expression, and (2) different features which have to be instanciated in every occurrence of the expression in context, and which determine the different dimensions of the semantic space. Then we show how different types of interpretative figures of a polysemous expression can be represented in this space.

Illicit Market for Counterfeit Products at Small Businesses in Michigan

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 1289-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon A. Sullivan ◽  
Jeremy M. Wilson ◽  
Ross S. Militz
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Crime Problem ◽  
Illicit Markets ◽  
Illicit Market ◽  
Incident Reports ◽  
Counterfeit Products

Research on small businesses facilitating illicit markets and the efforts of nonfederal law enforcement agencies to identify these small business offenders has been scant. This exploratory study examines the illicit market for counterfeit products sold through small businesses in the State of Michigan. We used police incident reports of counterfeit products identified during administrative tobacco inspections of small businesses to provide a unique look at this crime problem and the efforts of law enforcement to curtail it. We analyzed the content of these incident reports to explore characteristics of the incidents, businesses and suspects selling counterfeit products, how the counterfeit products were identified and verified, and the origin of the counterfeits. Implications for law enforcement efforts to address counterfeit criminal enterprises and directions for future research are discussed.

The Effects of Teasing in Childhood or Adolescence on Young Adults' Body Image

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera X. Liang ◽  
Alun C. Jackson ◽  
Vicki L. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Appearance Satisfaction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Specific Impact

This study examined the specific impact of remembered childhood and adolescent teasing on different dimensions of body image in young adults. A total of 113 participants (43 men and 70 women) indicated that they had been teased about their weight or appearance. The results revealed that the frequency of being teased about one's appearance was the only significant predictor of appearance satisfaction in women. Overweight preoccupation was not predicted by weight or appearance teasing. For men, the perceived distress of appearance and weight-related teasing predicted appearance satisfaction and overweight preoccupation respectively. The results suggest that different types of teasing can have differential impacts on the body image of young men and women. The results identify the need for prevention and intervention programs to address the problem of teasing in late primary and early high school children.

scholarly journals Mechanical comparative analysis of three different types of sutures in different dimensions tendons - experimental study

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Raimundo Nonato R. Medeiros ◽  
José Wilson Rodriguez ◽  
Roberto Basile Jr. ◽  
Clelgen Luis Bonetti ◽  
Carlos Alberto dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Iliac Bone Graft ◽  
Congenital Kyphosis ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Spinal Arthrodesis ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Time

The authors present sixteen patients with congenital kyphosis treated by posterior spinal arthrodesis. A homologous or autogenous iliac bone graft was used. The patients walked with Risser-Cotrel body cast in the 6 months of postoperatory period. The mean time of follow-up was 58,25 months and the mean age of the patients at time of surgery was 9,3 years. The mean angular value of the congenital kyphosis before surgery was 50,44º Cobb and after ther surgery it was 46,94º Cobb. One of the patients who had curve of 69º Cobb, presented pseudoarthrosis. The final results were good in 10, regular in 4 and bad in 2 patients. The need of the diagnostic and precocious treatment is recommended by authors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document