scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B, D and C virus infections among children and pregnant women in Moldova: additional evidence supporting the need for routine hepatitis B vaccination of infants

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. DROBENIUC ◽  
Y. J. F. HUTIN ◽  
R. HARPAZ ◽  
M. FAVOROV ◽  
A. MELNIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen ◽  
Hbeag Prevalence

Rates of acute hepatitis B are high in Moldova, but the prevalence of chronic infection is unknown. In 1994, we surveyed children and pregnant women, collected demographic information, and drew blood for laboratory testing. Among the 439 children (mean age, 5 years), the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were 17·1 and 6·8%, respectively. Among the 1098 pregnant women (mean age, 26 years), 52·4% were anti-HBc-positive and 9·7% were HBsAg-positive. Of the HBsAg-positive pregnant women, 35·6% were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive and 18·3% had antibodies to hepatitis D virus. The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus was 1·4% in children and 2·3% in pregnant women. The high HBeAg prevalence among HBsAg-positive pregnant women and the high anti-HBc prevalence among children indicate that both perinatal and early childhood transmission contribute to the high hepatitis B virus endemicity in Moldova.

scholarly journals The prevalence of hepatitis B in Sweden; A statistical serosurvey of 3381 Swedish inhabitants

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. CHRISTENSON ◽  
M. BÖTTIGER ◽  
L. GRILLNER
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Age Related ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Markers

The prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers in the adult Swedish population was investigated according to age, sex, origin and demographic stratum. Sera were collected from 3382 persons in 1990–1. The sera were selected on a statistical basis considered to be representative of the Swedish population from adults aged [les ]18 years. Two of the sera (0·06%) were found to be hepatitis B surface antigen positive. The two hepatitis B carriers were of non-Scandinavian origin as were (8·9%) of those tested. A total of 90 persons had a marker of previous, hepatitis B virus infection, i.e. antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen. Of these, 66 (2·0%) were of Scandinavian origin and 24 (18·1%) from highly endemic areas. The overall hepatitis B virus marker prevalence was 2·7%. The highest age-specific prevalence of hepatitis B markers in those of Scandinavian origin was in those born in 1939 and earlier. In this age-group, women had a significantly higher prevalence (3·6%) than males (1·9%). The lowest prevalence was found in those born in 1970 and later. No significant, age-related differences between younger or older persons, or between men and women, could be found in persons of non-Scandinavian origin. The results showed significant differences in exposure to hepatitis B virus among the indigenous population, compared with those of non-Scandinavian extraction. The results do not support the proposal to include hepatitis B vaccination in the Swedish immunization schedule.

Serologic Evidence for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Patients with Hemophilia B

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 606-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay H Hoofnagle ◽  
David Aronson ◽  
Harold Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Hemophilia B ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serologic Evidence ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen ◽  
North And South America

SummaryAmong sera from 160 patients with hemophilia B from 9 centers in Europe and North and South America, 2.5% were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 60% for antibody to HBsAg, and 31% for antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen. Evidence of exposure to the hepatitis B virus appeared to be related to severity of disease and age rather than the source and method of manufacturer of factor IX concentrate.

Persistence of serum antibody to hepatitis B core antigen

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-211
Author(s):  
B G Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen

The purpose of the present study was to measure the amount of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in different populations by the immunoelectroosmophoresis method. High titers of anti-HBc, up to 1/4,096, were found in the acute stage of hepatitis B virus infections and in the chronic carrier state of hepatitis B surface antigen. In cases of acute hepatitis the anti-HBc titers gradually declined to low levels but persisted for the observation time of 5 to 6 years. Individuals positive for antibodies to hepatitis B surface and core antigens selected from a Swedish "normal" population showed still lower anti-HBc titers, indicating that the hepatitis B infection had occurred earlier. The anti-HBc titers in sera drawn at intervals of 4 years from a group of hemophilia patients may indicate previous infection with replicating hepatitis B virus rather than immunization with noninfectious hepatitis B core antigen material.

scholarly journals The Functions of Hepatitis B Virus Encoding Proteins: Viral Persistence and Liver Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglin Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyu Xie ◽  
Xu Tan ◽  
Hongli Yu ◽  
Miaomiao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen ◽  
Envelope Antigen

About 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), contributing to a large burden on public health. Despite the existence of vaccines and antiviral drugs to prevent infection and suppress viral replication respectively, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cure remains a remote treatment goal. The viral persistence caused by HBV is account for the chronic infection which increases the risk for developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV virion utilizes various strategies to escape surveillance of host immune system therefore enhancing its replication, while the precise mechanisms involved remain elusive. Accumulating evidence suggests that the proteins encoded by HBV (hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core antigen, hepatitis B envelope antigen, HBx and polymerase) play an important role in viral persistence and liver pathogenesis. This review summarizes the major findings in functions of HBV encoding proteins, illustrating how these proteins affect hepatocytes and the immune system, which may open new venues for CHB therapies.

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