scholarly journals The Functions of Hepatitis B Virus Encoding Proteins: Viral Persistence and Liver Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenglin Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyu Xie ◽  
Xu Tan ◽  
Hongli Yu ◽  
Miaomiao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen ◽  
Envelope Antigen

About 250 million people worldwide are chronically infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), contributing to a large burden on public health. Despite the existence of vaccines and antiviral drugs to prevent infection and suppress viral replication respectively, chronic hepatitis B (CHB) cure remains a remote treatment goal. The viral persistence caused by HBV is account for the chronic infection which increases the risk for developing liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV virion utilizes various strategies to escape surveillance of host immune system therefore enhancing its replication, while the precise mechanisms involved remain elusive. Accumulating evidence suggests that the proteins encoded by HBV (hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B core antigen, hepatitis B envelope antigen, HBx and polymerase) play an important role in viral persistence and liver pathogenesis. This review summarizes the major findings in functions of HBV encoding proteins, illustrating how these proteins affect hepatocytes and the immune system, which may open new venues for CHB therapies.

Serologic Evidence for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Patients with Hemophilia B

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 606-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay H Hoofnagle ◽  
David Aronson ◽  
Harold Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Hemophilia B ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Serologic Evidence ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen ◽  
North And South America

SummaryAmong sera from 160 patients with hemophilia B from 9 centers in Europe and North and South America, 2.5% were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), 60% for antibody to HBsAg, and 31% for antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen. Evidence of exposure to the hepatitis B virus appeared to be related to severity of disease and age rather than the source and method of manufacturer of factor IX concentrate.

Persistence of serum antibody to hepatitis B core antigen

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-211
Author(s):  
B G Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen

The purpose of the present study was to measure the amount of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in different populations by the immunoelectroosmophoresis method. High titers of anti-HBc, up to 1/4,096, were found in the acute stage of hepatitis B virus infections and in the chronic carrier state of hepatitis B surface antigen. In cases of acute hepatitis the anti-HBc titers gradually declined to low levels but persisted for the observation time of 5 to 6 years. Individuals positive for antibodies to hepatitis B surface and core antigens selected from a Swedish "normal" population showed still lower anti-HBc titers, indicating that the hepatitis B infection had occurred earlier. The anti-HBc titers in sera drawn at intervals of 4 years from a group of hemophilia patients may indicate previous infection with replicating hepatitis B virus rather than immunization with noninfectious hepatitis B core antigen material.

Establishment of a Seronegative Occult Infection With an Active Hepatitis B Virus Reservoir Enriched of Vaccine Escape Mutations in a Vaccinated Infant After Liver Transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (12) ◽  
pp. 1935-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Salpini ◽  
Andrea Pietrobattista ◽  
Lorenzo Piermatteo ◽  
Maria Sole Basso ◽  
Maria C Bellocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Antigen Vaccine ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen ◽  
Intrahepatic Hbv

Abstract We describe the establishment of a seronegative occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (OBI) in a successfully vaccinated infant who underwent liver transplantation from an donor positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). The use of highly sensitive droplet digital polymerase chain reaction assays revealed a not negligible and transcriptionally active intrahepatic HBV reservoir (circular covalently closed DNA, relaxed circular DNA, and pregenomic RNA: 5.6, 2.4, and 1.1 copies/1000 cells, respectively), capable to sustain ongoing viral production and initial liver damage. Next-generation sequencing revealed a peculiar enrichment of hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine-escape mutations that could have played a crucial role in OBI transmission. This clinical case highlights the pathobiological complexity and the diagnostic challenges underlying OBI.

scholarly journals Hepatitis-B-Virus-Infektionen und impfinduzierte Immunität: die Rolle von soziodemografischen Determinanten

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Brodzinski ◽  
Angela Neumeyer-Gromen ◽  
Sandra Dudareva ◽  
Ruth Zimmermann ◽  
Ute Latza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Core Antigen ◽  
Vulnerable Gruppen

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund und Ziel Trotz niedriger Prävalenz der Hepatitis-B-Virus-(HBV-)Infektion in Deutschland ist es wichtig, vulnerable Gruppen und Ansatzpunkte für die Prävention zu identifizieren. In ersten Analysen der „Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland“ (DEGS1, 2008–2011) waren HBV-Infektion und -Impfung mit sozidemografischen Determinanten assoziiert. In dieser Arbeit werden die Ergebnisse im Detail untersucht. Material und Methoden In DEGS1 lag für 7046 Teilnehmende (Alter: 18–79 Jahre) eine HBV-Serologie vor. Die stattgehabte HBV-Infektion war durch Antikörper gegen das Hepatitis-B-Core-Antigen (Anti-HBc) definiert, die impfinduzierte Immunität durch alleinigen Nachweis von Antikörpern gegen das Hepatitis-B-Surface-Antigen (Anti-HBs). Seroprävalenzen von HBV-Infektions- und -Impfstatus wurden geschlechtsstratifiziert geschätzt und Assoziationen mit Alter, Gemeindegröße, Einkommen, formaler Bildung, Krankenversicherung und Migrationsgeneration in logistischen Regressionen analysiert. Ergebnisse Die HBV-Infektion war bei Männern und Frauen unabhängig mit den Altersgruppen 34–64 und ≥ 65 Jahre, erster Migrationsgeneration und Leben in größeren Gemeinden assoziiert, zudem bei Männern mit niedrigem Einkommen und bei Frauen mit niedriger Bildung. Die impfinduzierte Immunität war bei Männern und Frauen unabhängig mit den Altersgruppen 18–33 und 34–64 Jahre, mittlerer und hoher Bildung und hohem Einkommen assoziiert, darüber hinaus bei Männern mit mittlerem Einkommen und privater Krankenversicherung und bei Frauen mit fehlendem Migrationshintergrund. Diskussion Die Berücksichtigung von Migrationsstatus, Einkommen und Bildung könnte zur zielgenauen Ausrichtung der HBV-Prävention beitragen.

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