A breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is associated with optic nerve regeneration in the frog

1992 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tennant ◽  
L. D. Beazley
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Optic Tract ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Optic Pathway ◽  
Anterograde Transport ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Optic Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Blood Brain

AbstractWe have examined the integrity of the blood-brain barrier during optic nerve regeneration in the frog Liloria (Hyla) moorei using rhodamine B-labeled bovine serum albumin (RBA). A transient localized breakdown of the blood-brain barrier was observed between 1 and 5 weeks after extracranial optic nerve crush. The zone of breakdown progressed along the experimental optic nerve, ascended the opposite optic tract, and swept rostro-caudally across the tectum contralateral to the crushed nerve. By 7 weeks, the blood-brain barrier was once again intact along the length of the optic pathway. In a concurrent series of frogs, regenerating optic axons were visualized by anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). At each stage examined, the region reached by the front of regenerating axons corresponded to that in which the blood-brain barrier had been shown to break down.In contrast to the results after nerve crush, the blood-brain barrier remained intact along the length of the optic pathway following optic nerve ligation to prevent regeneration. We conclude that the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier which occurs during optic nerve regeneration in the frog is triggered by the regenerating axons.

Origin of CD11b+ macrophage-like cells in the CNS of PLP-overexpressing mice: Low influx of haematogenous macrophages and unchanged blood-brain-barrier in the optic nerve

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Wang Ip ◽  
Bianca Kohl ◽  
Christoph Kleinschnitz ◽  
Bernhard Reuss ◽  
Klaus Armin Nave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain

Is There a Blood-Brain Barrier at the Optic Nerve Head?

1975 ◽  
Vol 93 (9) ◽  
pp. 815-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O. M. Tso ◽  
C.-Y. Shih ◽  
I. W. McLean
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain

scholarly journals Time course Analysis of Gene expression patterns in ZebrafIsh Eye during Optic Nerve Regeneration

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. JEN.S5006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy T. Mccurley ◽  
Gloria V. Callard
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Optic Nerve Regeneration

It is well-established that neurons in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) are terminally differentiated and, if injured, will be unable to regenerate their connections. In contrast to mammals, zebrafish and other teleosts display a robust neuroregenerative response. Following optic nerve crush (ONX), retinal ganglion cells (RGC) regrow their axons to synapse with topographically correct targets in the optic tectum, such that vision is restored in ~21 days. What accounts for these differences between teleostean and mammalian responses to neural injury is not fully understood. A time course analysis of global gene expression patterns in the zebrafish eye after ONX can help to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms that contribute to a successful neuroregeneration. To define different phases of regeneration after ONX, alpha tubulin 1 ( tuba1) and growth-associated protein 43 ( gap43), markers previously shown to correspond to morphophological events, were measured by real time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Microarray analysis was then performed at defined intervals (6 hours, 1, 4, 12, and 21 days) post-ONX and compared to SHAM. Results show that optic nerve damage induces multiple, phase-related transcriptional programs, with the maximum number of genes changed and highest fold-change occurring at 4 days. Several functional groups affected by optic nerve regeneration, including cell adhesion, apoptosis, cell cycle, energy metabolism, ion channel activity, and calcium signaling, were identified. Utilizing the whole eye allowed us to identify signaling contributions from the vitreous, immune and glial cells as well as the neural cells of the retina. Comparisons between our dataset and transcriptional profiles from other models of regeneration in zebrafish retina, heart and fin revealed a subset of commonly regulated transcripts, indicating shared mechanisms in different regenerating tissues. Knowledge of gene expression patterns in all components of the eye in a model of successful regeneration provides an entry point for functional analyses, and will help in devising hypotheses for testing normal and toxic regulatory factors.

scholarly journals The BXD Mouse Strains are a Model System for Studying Optic Nerve Regeneration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxing Wang ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Rebecca King ◽  
Felix L. Struebing ◽  
Eldon E. Geisert
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Model System ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Optic Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractThe present study is designed to identify the influences of genetic background to optic nerve regeneration using the two parental strains C57BL/6J and DBA/2J and 7 BXD recombinant inbred strains. To study regeneration in the optic nerve, Pten was knocked down in the retinal ganglion cells using AAV, and a mild inflammatory response was induced by an intravitreal injection of zymosan with CPT-cAMP, and the axons were damaged by optic nerve crush (ONC). Regenerating axons were labeled by Cholera Toxin B and quantified 14 days after ONC. The number of axons at 0.5 mm and 1 mm from the crush site were counted. In addition, we measured the distance that 5 axons had grown down the nerve and the longest distance a single axon reached. Results showed a considerable amount of differential axonal growth across all 9 BXD strains. There was a significant difference (P=0.014 Mann-Whitney U test) in the regenerative capacity in the number of axons reaching 0.5 mm from a low of 1487.6 ± 264.9 axons in BXD102 to a high of 4175.8 ± 648.6 axons in BXD29. There were also significant differences (P=0.014 Mann-Whitney U test) in the distance axons traveled, looking at a minimum of 5 axons with the shortest distance was 787.2 ± 46.5µm in BXD102 to a maximum distance of 2025.5 ± 223.3µm in BXD29. These results reveal that genetic background can modulate axonal regeneration and that the BXD strains are a particularly well-suited model system.

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