Constituency in sentence phonology: an introduction

Phonology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Selkirk ◽  
Seunghun J. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Representation ◽  
Syntactic Representation

Some general questions about the role of constituency in sentence phonology and phonetics have informed research since Chomsky & Halle (1968) first put forward the hypothesis that the phonological representation of a sentence is in part a function of its syntactic representation.

The influence of spelling on the production and storage of words with allophonic variants of /h/ in Korean

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEONG-IM HAN ◽  
TAE-HWAN CHOI
Keyword(s):  
Picture Naming ◽  
Phonological Representation ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Auditory Input ◽  
The Third ◽  
Korean Speakers ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Naming Tasks

ABSTRACTThis study examined the role of orthography in the production and storage of spoken words. Korean speakers learned novel Korean words with potential variants of /h/, including [ɦ] and ø. They were provided with the same auditory stimuli but with varying exposure to spelling. One group was presented with the letter for ø (<ㅇ>), the second group, the letter for [ɦ] (<ㅎ>), and the third group, auditory input only. In picture-naming tasks, the participants presented with <ㅇ> produced fewer words with [ɦ] than those presented with <ㅎ>. In a spelling recall task, the participants who were not exposed to spelling displayed various types of spellings for variants, but after exposure to spelling, they began to produce spellings as provided in the task. These results suggest that orthographic information influences the production of words via an offline restructuring of the phonological representation.

The Causes of Learner Pronunciation Problems in English

2019 ◽  
pp. 361-379
Author(s):  
John Rothgerber
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
First Language ◽  
Phonological Representation ◽  
Phonological Acquisition ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Language Teacher ◽  
Phonological Processes ◽  
Pronunciation Instruction ◽  
Primary Focus

This chapter will provide the language teacher with an introduction to the theory behind the challenges and problems that learners from a variety of language backgrounds face as they learn to pronounce the sounds of English. The primary focus will be on the influence of the first language in second language phonological acquisition. This will include an overview of the role of perception of non-native sounds, as well as a consideration of phonological representation in the mental lexicon and articulatory constraints, all of which can have an effect on difficulties that learners encounter as they learn to pronounce English sounds. Attention will be given to the various components that make up the phonological system, including segmentals, suprasegmentals, phonotactics, and phonological processes. This theoretical understanding will then be applied to pronunciation instruction within the classroom by addressing what teachers can do to maximize the effectiveness of instruction.

Prosodically Defective Morphemes and blocking

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Surface Effect ◽  
Phonological Representation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lexical Information ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Shifts

The predictions of multiple interacting Prosodically Defective Morphemes are discussed in this chapter. For one, there are instances where several morphemes in a language are lexically marked exceptions to an MLM process. This can follow, it is shown, if those morphemes are prosodically defective themselves. A very interesting instance of such an effect can be found in Aymara where a so-called ’rescuer morpheme’ exists whose only surface effect is to block an expected MLM pattern. On the other hand, there are cases where lexical allomorphy between different MLM processes can be found. It is shown that again the exceptional behaviour of some morphemes in the presence of a triggering Prosodically Defective Morpheme follows if those morphemes themselves are prosodically defective. The chapter hence strengthens the role of phonological representation and shifts the burden of various (apparently morphological) idiosyncratic lexical information to the phonological representation of the morphemes in question.

Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (12) ◽  
pp. 1005-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Fernbach
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor

Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 195 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Van Metre
Keyword(s):  
Diagnosis And Management

The power of norms to sway fused group members

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winnifred R. Louis ◽  
Craig McGarty ◽  
Emma F. Thomas ◽  
Catherine E. Amiot ◽  
Fathali M. Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Anthropology ◽  
Normative Systems ◽  
Violent Extremism ◽  
Identity Fusion ◽  
Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

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