Six new species of Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Rota ◽  
Christer Erséus
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mcmurdo Sound ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Specific Shape ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
The Antarctic

Six new species of marine Enchytraeidae, Grania hirsuticauda sp.n., G. acanthochaeta sp.n., G. carchinii sp.n., G. angustinasus sp.n., G. antarctica sp.n. and G. algida sp.n., are described from benthic material collected in McMurdo Sound during 1959–61 and Terra Nova Bay in 1988. They represent the first records of this family from below the Antarctic circle and, together with tubificids, the first oligochaetes from the Ross Sea. G. hirsuticauda, apparently the most widespread species in McMurdo Sound, is distinguished by having setae abruptly larger in the posterior third of the body and almost nodulate; a T-shaped prostomial bifurcation of the dorsal vessel, short sperm funnels and sperm sac, and thick-walled spermathecae. G. acanthochaeta possesses a unique, thorn-like, setal morphology and diverticulate spermathecal ampullae. G. carchinii, the only new species lacking lateral setae, is also distinguished by a remarkably high development of the chloragogen tissue and the possession of nephridia at 6/7. G. angustinasus, the most abundant species in the sampling area in Terra Nova Bay, and G. antarctica, have the same setal distribution, size and (curved) shape, but show different forms of penial bulbs (more complex in G. angustinasus) and spermathecal structures (the ampullae being larger and the external pores more posterior in G. antarctica). G. algida is distinguished by its L-shaped setae and carrot-shaped, diverticulate, spermathecal ampullae. All the new species lack cuticular penial stylets as well as spermathecal ectal glands. All species but G. carchinii are peculiar in possessing, in front of the brain, a middorsal vesicular body of specific shape and size containing a few refractile inclusions; a sensory (possibly a statocyst-like) function is suggested for this ‘head organ’, which has not been previously reported in the Oligochaeta.

Vitellogenin gene expression in males of the Antarctic fish Trematomus bernacchii from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea): A role for environmental cadmium?

Chemosphere ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1270-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Canapa ◽  
Marco Barucca ◽  
Stefania Gorbi ◽  
Maura Benedetti ◽  
Sara Zucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Trematomus Bernacchii ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
Vitellogenin Gene ◽  
The Antarctic

scholarly journals Regulation of Microbial Activity Rates by Organic Matter in the Ross Sea during the Austral Summer 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1273
Author(s):  
Renata Zaccone ◽  
Cristina Misic ◽  
Filippo Azzaro ◽  
Maurizio Azzaro ◽  
Giovanna Maimone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Austral Summer ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Prokaryotic Abundance ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
The Antarctic

The active prokaryotic communities proliferate in the ecosystems of the Antarctic Ocean, participating in biogeochemical cycles and supporting higher trophic levels. They are regulated by several environmental and ecological forcing, such as the characteristics of the water masses subjected to global warming and particulate organic matter (POM). During summer 2017, two polynyas in the Ross Sea were studied to evaluate key-microbiological parameters (the proteasic, glucosidasic, and phosphatasic activities, the microbial respiratory rates, the prokaryotic abundance and biomass) in relation to quantitative and qualitative characteristics of POM. Results showed significant differences in the epipelagic layer between two macro-areas (Terra Nova Bay and Ross Sea offshore area). Proteins and carbohydrates were metabolized rapidly in the offshore area (as shown by turnover times), due to high enzymatic activities in this zone, indicating fresh and labile organic compounds. The lower quality of POM in Terra Nova Bay, as shown by the higher refractory fraction, led to an increase in the turnover times of proteins and carbohydrates. Salinity was the physical constraint that played a major role in the distribution of POM and microbial activities in both areas.

Exchange between populations of Adamussium colbecki (Mollusca: Bivalvia) in the Ross Sea

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Guidetti ◽  
Stefania Marcato ◽  
Mariachiara Chiantore ◽  
Tomaso Patarnello ◽  
Giancarlo Albertelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Mcmurdo Sound ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
Adamussium Colbecki

The endemic Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki (Mollusca: Bivalvia) represents a key species in the Ross Sea littoral benthic ecosystem, locally reaching very high densities. This species has an annual gametogenic cycle, with a summer spawning event, and a pelagic larval behaviour. This paper aims at describing population structure and genetic polymorphism (using AFLP) of the large populations inhabiting the Ross Sea (Terra Nova Bay and McMurdo Sound) in order to investigate possible genetic exchange between A. colbecki in these areas. In Terra Nova Bay, size-frequency distributions show, generally, the dominance of large individuals, although site related differences are found in the abundance of smaller size classes (less than 40 mm), suggesting that recruitment is not a regular event. All McMurdo sites are characterized by large individuals and, at least during this sampling period, recruitment is completely absent. Nuclear DNA analyses show that the largest differences are found at the largest scale (between McMurdo Sound and Terra Nova Bay), but all populations sampled, even at a smaller spatial scale, have a well-settled genetic structure, notwithstanding the pelagic larval strategy. The panmixia hypothesis has therefore to be rejected for this species.

Benthic littoral Polychaeta “Sedentaria” of Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica)

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cantone ◽  
N. Di Pietro
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Important Family ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
A New Species

The Polychaeta “Sedentaria” collected in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) during the Second Italian Oceanographic Antarctic Expedition (1989–90) have been studied. A total of 1518 specimens have been examined and 43 species, belonging to 14 families, have been identified. A new species of Oweniidae, Myriochele antarctica and a new subspecies of Spionidae, Scolelepis eltaninae nudipalpa are described. Terebellidae was the most important family in number of species, Spionidae, Oweniidae and Orbiniidae in number of individuals. More than 60% of the species are endemic to Antarctic and sub-Antarctic areas.

PCB congeners, DDTs and hexachlorobenzene in Antarctic fish from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea)

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvano Focardi ◽  
L. Lari ◽  
L. Marsili
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Antarctic Fish ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Weight Class ◽  
Marine Food Chain ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Antarctic Marine ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
The Antarctic

Chlorinated hydrocarbons were measured in seven species of Antarctic fish (Pagothenia bernacchii, P. hansoni, Trematomus centronotus, T. newnesi, Chionodraco hamatus, Cygnodraco mawsoni, and Gymnodraco acuticeps) from in the Ross Sea near Terra Nova Bay (74°40'S 164°10'E). Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pp' DDT and its derivatives DDE and DDD, and about 20 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)were found in muscle and liver. Levels of pp′ DDE were positively correlated with body length in P. bernacchii and the plot of concentrations showed higher values in males than females of the same body weight class. The results confirm the presence of these chlorinated hydrocarbons in the Antarctic marine food chain and an increase of PCBs with respect to DDTs. The “fingerprint” of C. hamatus is different from that of other Antarctic organisms and of fish from other parts of the world, suggesting possible metabolic differences.

Epiphytic diatom communities of Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctica: structural analysis and relations to algal host

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roksana Majewska ◽  
Maria Cristina Gambi ◽  
Cecilia Maria Totti ◽  
Mario De Stefano
Keyword(s):  
Ross Sea ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Pronounced Difference ◽  
Epiphytic Diatoms ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Algal Host ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
The Antarctic

AbstractEpiphytic diatoms are important constituents of the Southern Ocean coastal water ecosystem, being a key element in many of the Antarctic trophic chains. However, only limited information exists relating to these microalgal communities. Here we describe our findings of a study on epiphytic diatoms from Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica) based on material collected during the summer campaigns spanning from 1990–2004. Observations of diatoms associated with three rhodophyte species (Iridaea cordata (Turner) Bory, Phyllophora antarctica Gepp & Gepp, and Plocamium cartilagineum (L.) Dixon) were carried out with the use of a scanning electron microscope. A total of 73 diatom taxa (32 genera) were distinguished, of which 20 taxa exceeded 3% of total abundance. Cocconeis fasciolata (Ehrenberg) Brown, Navicula perminuta Grunow, and Fragilariopsis nana (Steemann Nielsen) Paasche appeared in every sample. The analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) test as well as non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis indicated the nature of host organism as a major factor influencing associated diatom community structure, whereas depth, site, and time of sampling seemed to be less important. The epizooic communities associated with sessile fauna epiphytic on macroalgae differed significantly from those associated with macroalgal surface. A pronounced difference between the communities epiphytic on various host macroalgae species was also observed, although most of the dissimilarities occurred between diatom taxa of the same growth form.

scholarly journals Contribution to the taxonomic knowledge of Ampharetidae (Annelida) from Antarctica with the description of Amage giacomobovei sp. nov.

2021 ◽  
Vol 733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Schiaparelli ◽  
Igor A. Jirkov
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Terra Nova Bay ◽  
Coastal Embayment ◽  
Sponge Spicules ◽  
Terra Nova ◽  
A New Species

Thanks to newly collected material from the Terra Nova Bay area (Ross Sea, Antarctica), we discuss the taxonomy of the ampharetid genera Amage Malmgren, 1866 and Amythas Benham, 1921. A new species of Amage, A. giacomobovei sp. nov., is described based on morpho-anatomical data. This is the second new species described from an area which appears to be rich in ampharetids, a coastal embayment at ~500 m depth near the Italian “Mario Zucchelli” research station. The new species is characterized by having 16 abdominal uncinigers and four pairs of branchiae that readily distinguish it from its congeners. Tubes of A. giacomobovei sp. nov. are also characteristic in showing a large amount of embedded sponge spicules, suggesting a possible close association to spicule mats. Based on the amended diagnoses of the two genera, Amage septemdecima Schüller & Jirkov, 2013 is transferred to the genus Amythas. Finally, to simplify the task of ampharetid genera recognition for untrained people, we provide a dichotomic key for ampharetid genera found in Antarctica and a checklist of species occurring in Terra Nova Bay.

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