scholarly journals Developmental themes in women's emotional experiences of motherhood

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNIYA S. LUTHAR ◽  
KIMBERLY DOYLE ◽  
NANCY E. SUCHMAN ◽  
LINDA MAYES
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Ego Development ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Maternal Role ◽  
Adjustment Problems ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Psychological Difficulties ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Washington University

In this study, women's levels of ego development and their psychological difficulties were examined in relation to feelings in the maternal role. The sample consisted of 91 mothers from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Ego development was assessed by the Washington University Sentence Completion Test, and psychological difficulties were operationalized by self-reported global symptomatology, maternal substance abuse, and expressed anger. Outcome variables included feelings of satisfaction, distress, and support in the maternal role, as well as the degree to which negative and positive emotions were integrated in response to hypothetical vignettes of challenging everyday child-rearing experiences. Hypotheses were that women at high levels of ego development would show greater deterioration in the presence versus absence of self-reported adjustment problems than would those at lower levels. A series of interaction effects each indicated trends consistent with the hypotheses. These results add to accumulating evidence that tendencies toward self-examination, characteristic of high developmental levels, do not inevitably serve protective functions but may be linked with heightened reactivity to negative intrapsychic forces.

scholarly journals Personality Development and the Quality of Solitude

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Ishanov ◽  
E.N. Osin ◽  
V.Yu. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Ego Development ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Washington University

The paper focuses on the associations between personality development and qualitative characteristics of experiences in solitude. The authors review recent studies of solitude and discuss the differences between solitude and loneliness. A mixed-methods empirical study of solitude experiences using an online sample (N=204) is presented. The respondents reported the quantity of time they typically spend in solitude and described their subjective experiences and typical activities during this time. They also completed Multidimensional Inventory of Loneliness Experience (MILE), Existence Scale (ES), and Washington University Sentence Completion Test (WUSCT). Ego development measured by WUSCT showed weak positive associations with positive solitude (MILE), self-transcendence (ES), the prevalence of positive emotions in solitude, and a higher variety of activities in solitude (particularly, meditation, creative activities, physical activity), based on content analysis. The findings indicate that individuals at advanced ego development stages are less likely to suffer from loneliness when alone, but to accept the situations of solitude, endorse them, and use them in creative ways. The findings explain the individual differences in the experiences associated with solitude and are discussed in the context of existential and cultural-historical approach.

scholarly journals School principals at different stages of adult ego development: Their sense-making capabilities and how others experience them

2020 ◽  
pp. 174114322090372
Author(s):  
Neil Gilbride ◽  
Chris James ◽  
Sam Carr
Keyword(s):  
Critical Incident ◽  
Ego Development ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Washington University

The way school principals make sense of the context of their work shapes their actions. As in all adults, principals’ sense-making capability is a function of the ego and can change over time. Adult ego development theory describes distinct, qualitatively different stages of sense-making ability. The research reported here assessed the adult ego development stage of 20 school principals in England using the Washington University Sentence Completion Test. Principals in the Self-Aware, Conscientious and Individualist stages of adult ego development were identified. The research used a critical incident technique to analyse principals’ sense-making capabilities and how others experience them in their role as principals. The findings show substantive differences between those in different stages of adult ego development in relation to their sense-making processes, the feelings they experience and display as emotions, how they involve others in the sense-making process and how others experience them. There is a discernible trend in the behaviours of school principals and how others experience them that relates to the transition from the Self-Aware stage to the Conscientious stage and then to the Individualist stage. These findings have significant implications for understanding the practice of school principals.

Relationship of Sports Experience and Ego Development of Adolescent Japanese Athletes

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Takenouchi ◽  
Tae Taguchi ◽  
Aiko Okuda
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Ego Development ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Washington University

This study examined the relationship of sports experience with ego development. A questionnaire was used to assess experience of Crisis, Exploration, and Commitment in the issues of Athletic Performance and of Being a Teammate in 782 adolescent Japanese athletes (423 boys, M age = 15.2 yr.; 359 girls, M age = 15.0 yr.). Their Ego Levels were assessed using the Washington University Sentence Completion Test. Correlations indicated that scores on Crisis, Exploration, and Commitment in the issues of Athletic Performance and Being a Teammate were generally associated with Ego Development. Multiple regression analyses indicated that, for boys, the issue of Athletic Performance was closely associated with Ego Development, while for girls, the issue of Being a Teammate was closely associated with Ego Development. Sports experience with crisis, exploration, and commitment may be related to accommodation, which is, in turn, related to ego development. The sex differences on issues related to ego development may be associated with differences in sex-role development for boys and girls.

Note on Maternal Authoritarian Attitudes and Cognitive Performance in Kindergarten Children

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 603-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie W. Camp
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Classroom Behavior ◽  
Ego Development ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Cognitive Test Performance ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Washington University

Moderate correlations are reported between 27 maternal scores on the Authoritarian Family Ideology scale, the Washington University Sentence Completion Test for Ego Development, and kindergarten children's (12 girls and 15 boys) classroom behavior and cognitive test scores. Results confirmed predictions of significant negative correlations between maternal ideology scores, group cognitive test performance, and task-oriented classroom behavior, but not between the ideology scores and individual test performance.

Relationship between Ego Development and Attitudes toward Women

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Rozsnafszky ◽  
Darwin D. Hendel
Keyword(s):  
Women's Movement ◽  
Ego Development ◽  
Attitudes Toward Women ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Freshman English ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Women Volunteers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Washington University

This study examined the relationship between liberal attitudes toward the role of women (as measured by the Attitudes Toward Women Scale) and mature ego level (as measured by the Washington University Sentence Completion Test) in 56 freshman women volunteers (28 enrolled in Women's Studies and 28 in freshman English). Liberal attitudes were positively correlated (.21 to .39) with both global measures of ego development for each group of subjects. These findings suggest that an important dimension of the Women's Movement may be the espousal of principles of self-realization and identity associated with higher ego level.

scholarly journals Личностная зрелость в материалах свободного самоописания: имплицитная теория рейтера

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Александра Егоровна Дружинина ◽  
Василий Юрьевич Костенко
Keyword(s):  
Ego Development ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Washington University

Теория развития эго (также в литературе — теория развития личности, англ. Theory of Ego Development) Джейн Лёвинджер (1976) описывает, как личность на протяжении жизни проходит через стадии становления зрелости. Результаты значительного количества эмпирических исследований демонстрируют, что теория концептуально целостна, а соответствующая ей методика — Тест неоконченных предложений Вашингтонского университета (Washington University Sentence Completion Test; WUSCT; НПВУ) — психометрически устойчива (Manners & Durkin, 2001). Несмотря на это, в теории обнаруживается значительное количество пробелов, среди которых можно упомянуть (1) вопрос об отражении её центрального конструкта — «эго» — на уровне данных, a также (2) разрыв между регламентированной и реальной процедурой оценивания уровня развития эго. Настоящее исследование посвящено преимущественно рассмотрению вышеупомянутых пробелов и в перспективе направлено на их устранение. Основной целью данной работы выступает проверка возможности диагностики уровня развития личности на материалах свободного самоописания (МСС; Визгина, 2011). Ожидается, что данная цель будет достигнута посредством интервьюирования рейтеров методики НПВУ на предмет их имплицитных теорий относительно стадий личностного развития. Рейтеры (люди, обученные интерпретировать результаты методики в соответствии с руководством) раскроют свои теории на материалах МСС. Ожидаемые результаты включают в себя обоснование использования МСС в качестве альтернативного способа измерения личностной зрелости, а также операциональное определение эго. Предполагается, что полученные результаты значительно поспособствуют дальнейшему развитию теории Лёвинджер.

Ego Development and Psychopathology

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 408-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linn R. Vincent ◽  
Ken R. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Ego Development ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Completion Test ◽  
Rating Method ◽  
Clinical Instrument ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Washington University

The relationship between ego development and psychopathology was studied, using Loevinger's Washington University Sentence Completion Blank and ego development rating method. The levels of ego development of the population at a private psychiatric clinic were found to be significantly lower than those of Loevinger's manual construction and revision sample. Using the MMPI as a classification guide, individuals at the lower levels of ego development were found to be primarily diagnosed as character-logical. The relationship between ego development and IQ on the WAIS was also noted. The present study adds credence to the usefulness of Loevinger's Washington University Sentence Completion Test for Ego Development as a clinical instrument.

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