An event-related potential study of the processing of affective facial expressions in young children who experienced maltreatment during the first year of life

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
DANTE CICCHETTI ◽  
W. JOHN CURTIS
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
First Year ◽  
Potential Study ◽  
First Year Of Life

Affective facial expression processing in young children who have experienced maltreatment during the first year of life: An event-related potential study

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Curtis ◽  
Dante Cicchetti
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Facial Affect ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
First Year ◽  
Maltreated Children ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Expression Processing

AbstractThis study employed event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the neural correlates of facial affect processing in maltreated and nonmaltreated children at 42 months of age. ERPs elicited while children passively viewed standardized pictures of female models posing angry, happy, and neutral facial expressions were examined, and differences between maltreated (N = 46) and nonmaltreated (N = 25) children were reported. Three occipital components (P1, N170, and P400) and four frontal–central components (N150, P240, Nc, and a positive slow wave [PSW]) were identified. Findings revealed that maltreated children had greater P1 and P400 amplitude in response to angry facial affect compared to other emotions, and compared to nonmaltreated children. N170 amplitude was greater in response to happy compared to angry in the maltreated group. For the P240 component, maltreated children had greater amplitude in response to angry facial expressions relative to happy, whereas children in the nonmaltreated group had greater P240 amplitude in response to happy relative to angry facial affect. Further, the nonmaltreated group had greater PSW amplitude in response to angry facial affect, whereas those in the maltreated group showed greater PSW amplitude to happy facial expressions. The results provided further support for the hypothesis that the experience of maltreatment and the predominantly negative emotional tone in maltreating families alters the functioning of neural systems associated with the identification and processing of facial emotion. These results exemplify the importance of early preventive interventions focused on emotion for children who have experienced maltreatment early in life.

Comparison of Facial Expressions and Body Expressions: An Event-related Potential Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan ZHANG ◽  
Ting ZHAO ◽  
Yunzhe LIU ◽  
Yuming CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Potential Study

scholarly journals Young children with Noonan syndrome: evaluation of feeding problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 179 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683-1688
Author(s):  
Jos M. T. Draaisma ◽  
Joris Drossaers ◽  
Lenie van den Engel-Hoek ◽  
Erika Leenders ◽  
Joyce Geelen
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Noonan Syndrome ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Genetic Syndrome ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Noonan syndrome (NS) is a common genetic syndrome with a high variety in phenotype. Even though genetic testing is possible, NS is still a clinical diagnosis. Feeding problems are often present in infancy. We investigated the feeding status of 108 patients with clinically and genetically confirmed NS. Only patients with a documented feeding status before the age of 6 were included. A distinction was made between patients with early onset feeding problems (< 1 year) and children with late onset feeding problems (> 1 year). Seventy-one of 108 patients had feeding problems, of which 40 patients required tube feeding. Children with a genetic mutation other than PTPN11 and SOS1 had significantly more feeding problems in the first year. Fifty-two of all 108 patients experienced early onset feeding problems, of which 33 required tube feeding. A strong decrease in prevalence of feeding problems was found after the first year of life. Fifteen children developed feeding problems later in life, of which 7 required tube feeding. Conclusion: Feeding problems occur frequently in children with NS, especially in children with NS based on genetic mutations other than PTPN11 and SOS1. Feeding problems develop most often in infancy and decrease with age. What is Known:• Young children with Noonan syndrome may have transient feeding problems.• Most of them will need tube feeding. What is New:• This is the first study of feeding problems in patients with clinically and genetically proven Noonan syndrome.• Feeding problems most often develop in infancy and resolve between the age of 1 and 2.

scholarly journals Early Introduction of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Caries Trajectories from Age 12 to 48 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 898-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bernabé ◽  
H. Ballantyne ◽  
C. Longbottom ◽  
N.B. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Over Time

Early exposure to sweet tastes predicts similar food preferences and eating behavior in later life and is associated with childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of early (during the first year of life) and subsequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with 4-y caries trajectories among Scottish young children. We used data from 1,111 Scottish children who were followed annually from age 12 to 48 mo (4 sweeps in total). SSB intake was reported by parents in every sweep. SSB intake was broken down into 2 components, the initial SSB intake and the deviation over time from that initial value. Childhood dental caries was clinically determined (including noncavitated and cavitated lesions) every year. The association of SSB intake with baseline decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) (intercept) and rate of change in dmfs over time (slope) was examined in 2-level linear mixed-effects models, with repeated observations nested within children. Both the initial SSB intake and the deviation from the initial SSB intake were positively associated with steeper caries trajectories. By sweep 4, the predicted mean dmfs difference was 1.73 between children with low and high initial SSB intake (1 standard deviation below and above the mean) and 1.17 between children with low and high deviation from their initial SSB intake (1 SD below and above the mean). The findings of this prospective study among Scottish young children provide evidence that the introduction of SSBs during the first year of life can put children in a trajectory of high levels of dental caries. They support current recommendations to avoid sugars for very young children and interventions targeting early feeding practices for caries prevention.

scholarly journals Causes of violation of vaccination schedule in young children

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Tatyana M. Chernova ◽  
Vladimir N. Timchenko ◽  
Nadezhda A. Myskina ◽  
Maria A. Lapina ◽  
Anna E. Orekhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
First Year Of Life

The high frequency of severe and complicated forms of infectious diseases in young children, with the possibility of death, confirms the importance of timely specific protection of this age group. In order to identify the causes of violation of the terms of vaccination of young children, 469 histories of children from 0 to 12 months of life were studied. The analysis showed that only 77% of the observed children in the first year of life were vaccinated according to the immunization schedule, whereas in 23% of cases, violations of the vaccination status were found. In 45% of children, the time of immunization was violated already at the stage of the maternity hospital: only every fifth child was not vaccinated because of health reasons, while 79% of children did not receive prophylactic vaccinations due to the mother’s refusal. Medical abductions prevailed in the structure of violations of vaccination terms in the сhildren’s оutpatient: 39% of children were vaccinated with deviations from the schedule due to temporary contraindications, 22% were vaccinated later than terms due to unreasonable medical leads. In 39% of cases of violation of vaccine status is associated with a misunderstanding of the parents of the risk of infectious diseases and the effectiveness of the child’s protection through immunization. Of these, 22% of children were denied, 10% of children were vaccinated with a significant delay, 7% of children did not reach the сhildren’s оutpatient during the year without an explanation of the reasons. Thus, the analysis showed that the majority of the observed children (57%) did not receive timely protection against infectious diseases due to attitudes towards vaccinations of parents, 43% of children were not vaccinated due to medical abductions.

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