scholarly journals Causes of violation of vaccination schedule in young children

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Tatyana M. Chernova ◽  
Vladimir N. Timchenko ◽  
Nadezhda A. Myskina ◽  
Maria A. Lapina ◽  
Anna E. Orekhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Vaccination Schedule ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Immunization Schedule ◽  
Significant Delay ◽  
First Year Of Life

The high frequency of severe and complicated forms of infectious diseases in young children, with the possibility of death, confirms the importance of timely specific protection of this age group. In order to identify the causes of violation of the terms of vaccination of young children, 469 histories of children from 0 to 12 months of life were studied. The analysis showed that only 77% of the observed children in the first year of life were vaccinated according to the immunization schedule, whereas in 23% of cases, violations of the vaccination status were found. In 45% of children, the time of immunization was violated already at the stage of the maternity hospital: only every fifth child was not vaccinated because of health reasons, while 79% of children did not receive prophylactic vaccinations due to the mother’s refusal. Medical abductions prevailed in the structure of violations of vaccination terms in the сhildren’s оutpatient: 39% of children were vaccinated with deviations from the schedule due to temporary contraindications, 22% were vaccinated later than terms due to unreasonable medical leads. In 39% of cases of violation of vaccine status is associated with a misunderstanding of the parents of the risk of infectious diseases and the effectiveness of the child’s protection through immunization. Of these, 22% of children were denied, 10% of children were vaccinated with a significant delay, 7% of children did not reach the сhildren’s оutpatient during the year without an explanation of the reasons. Thus, the analysis showed that the majority of the observed children (57%) did not receive timely protection against infectious diseases due to attitudes towards vaccinations of parents, 43% of children were not vaccinated due to medical abductions.

scholarly journals Young children with Noonan syndrome: evaluation of feeding problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 179 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683-1688
Author(s):  
Jos M. T. Draaisma ◽  
Joris Drossaers ◽  
Lenie van den Engel-Hoek ◽  
Erika Leenders ◽  
Joyce Geelen
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Noonan Syndrome ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Tube Feeding ◽  
Genetic Mutation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Feeding Problems ◽  
Genetic Syndrome ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Noonan syndrome (NS) is a common genetic syndrome with a high variety in phenotype. Even though genetic testing is possible, NS is still a clinical diagnosis. Feeding problems are often present in infancy. We investigated the feeding status of 108 patients with clinically and genetically confirmed NS. Only patients with a documented feeding status before the age of 6 were included. A distinction was made between patients with early onset feeding problems (< 1 year) and children with late onset feeding problems (> 1 year). Seventy-one of 108 patients had feeding problems, of which 40 patients required tube feeding. Children with a genetic mutation other than PTPN11 and SOS1 had significantly more feeding problems in the first year. Fifty-two of all 108 patients experienced early onset feeding problems, of which 33 required tube feeding. A strong decrease in prevalence of feeding problems was found after the first year of life. Fifteen children developed feeding problems later in life, of which 7 required tube feeding. Conclusion: Feeding problems occur frequently in children with NS, especially in children with NS based on genetic mutations other than PTPN11 and SOS1. Feeding problems develop most often in infancy and decrease with age. What is Known:• Young children with Noonan syndrome may have transient feeding problems.• Most of them will need tube feeding. What is New:• This is the first study of feeding problems in patients with clinically and genetically proven Noonan syndrome.• Feeding problems most often develop in infancy and resolve between the age of 1 and 2.

COMPLICATIONS OF SMALLPOX VACCINATION UNITED STATES 1963

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-923
Author(s):  
John M. Neff ◽  
Ronald H. Levine ◽  
J. Michael Lane ◽  
Ernest A. Ager ◽  
Helen Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
The United States ◽  
Smallpox Vaccination ◽  
First Year ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
More Care ◽  
First Year Of Life

Four thousand nine hundred physicians in four states, representing 4.8% of the population of the United States, were surveyed in order to assess the frequency and types of complications that occurred during 1963 in association with smallpox vaccination. Four hundred ninety-one physicians initially reported observing 810 complications during this year. On follow-up of these cases, many were not actually complications or were complications that occurred in a year other than 1963. Accidental infection was the most common complication. Generalized vaccinia and eczema vaccinatum occurred at a frequency of 238 and 80, respectively, per million primary vaccinations. Severe complications were infrequent. No deaths and only one case each of post-vaccinal encephalitis and vaccinia necrosum were detected. The high frequency of many preventable complications and the disproportionate frequency of complications in infants suggest that morbidity and mortality now associated with smallpox vaccination could be significantly reduced if primary vaccination could be deferred until after the first year of life and if more care were taken to detect individuals in whom complications can be expected to occur.

scholarly journals Early Introduction of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Caries Trajectories from Age 12 to 48 Months

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
pp. 898-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bernabé ◽  
H. Ballantyne ◽  
C. Longbottom ◽  
N.B. Pitts
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Over Time

Early exposure to sweet tastes predicts similar food preferences and eating behavior in later life and is associated with childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to explore the associations of early (during the first year of life) and subsequent intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with 4-y caries trajectories among Scottish young children. We used data from 1,111 Scottish children who were followed annually from age 12 to 48 mo (4 sweeps in total). SSB intake was reported by parents in every sweep. SSB intake was broken down into 2 components, the initial SSB intake and the deviation over time from that initial value. Childhood dental caries was clinically determined (including noncavitated and cavitated lesions) every year. The association of SSB intake with baseline decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs) (intercept) and rate of change in dmfs over time (slope) was examined in 2-level linear mixed-effects models, with repeated observations nested within children. Both the initial SSB intake and the deviation from the initial SSB intake were positively associated with steeper caries trajectories. By sweep 4, the predicted mean dmfs difference was 1.73 between children with low and high initial SSB intake (1 standard deviation below and above the mean) and 1.17 between children with low and high deviation from their initial SSB intake (1 SD below and above the mean). The findings of this prospective study among Scottish young children provide evidence that the introduction of SSBs during the first year of life can put children in a trajectory of high levels of dental caries. They support current recommendations to avoid sugars for very young children and interventions targeting early feeding practices for caries prevention.

scholarly journals Case Report: Recurrent Left Posterior Fascicular Ventricular Tachycardia in a Newborn

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Zhao ◽  
Lin Wu ◽  
Qu-ming Zhao ◽  
Xue-cun Liang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Case Report ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
First Year Of Life

Left posterior fascicular ventricular tachycardia (LPFVT) is extremely rare in neonates. We described a 17-day-old girl with LPFVT who was initially misdiagnosed as supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Eventually, she was successfully treated by amiodarone infusion followed by oral amiodarone with propranolol for 9 months, and LPFVT spontaneously resolved after a 1-year follow-up. This case report illustrated the basic principles and caveats in differential diagnosis of LPFVT in the neonatal age group. With proper diagnosis and therapy, neonatal LPFVT might regress in the first year of life.

scholarly journals Health Care Costs Associated to Type of Feeding in the First Year of Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4719
Author(s):  
Carolina Lechosa-Muñiz ◽  
María Paz-Zulueta ◽  
María Sáez de Adana Herrero ◽  
Elsa Cornejo del Rio ◽  
Sonia Mateo Sota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Care Costs

Background: Breastfeeding is associated with lower risk of infectious diseases, leading to fewer hospital admissions and pediatrician consultations. It is cost saving for the health care system, however, it is not usually estimated from actual cohorts but via simulation studies. Methods: A cohort of 970 children was followed-up for twelve months. Data on mother characteristics, pregnancy, delivery and neonate characteristics were obtained from medical records. The type of neonate feeding at discharge, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months of life was reported by the mothers. Infectious diseases diagnosed in the first year of life, hospital admissions, primary care and emergency room consultations and drug treatments were obtained from neonate medical records. Health care costs were attributed using public prices and All Patients Refined–Diagnosis Related Groups (APR–DRG) classification. Results: Health care costs in the first year of life were higher in children artificially fed than in those breastfed (1339.5€, 95% confidence interval (CI): 903.0–1775.0 for artificially fed vs. 443.5€, 95% CI: 193.7–694.0 for breastfed). The breakdown of costs also shows differences in primary care consultations (295.7€ for formula fed children vs. 197.9€ for breastfed children), emergency room consultations (260.1€ for artificially fed children vs. 196.2€ for breastfed children) and hospital admissions (791.6€ for artificially fed children vs. 86.9€ for breastfed children). Conclusions: Children artificially fed brought about more health care costs related to infectious diseases than those exclusively breastfed or mixed breastfed. Excess costs were caused in hospital admissions, primary care consultations, emergency room consultations and drug consumption.

scholarly journals Infectious diseases in the first year of life, perinatal characteristics and childhood acute leukaemia

2004 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Jourdan-Da Silva ◽  
Y Perel ◽  
F Méchinaud ◽  
E Plouvier ◽  
V Gandemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Acute Leukaemia ◽  
First Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

Tracheotomy in the Preschool Population: Indications and Outcomes

2007 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley C. French ◽  
Christopher T. Wootten ◽  
Robert G. Thomas ◽  
Wallace W. Neblett ◽  
Jay A. Werkhaven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Upper Airway Obstruction ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
First Year ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
First Year Of Life

OBJECTIVE: Although more tracheotomy procedures are performed within the first year of life than in any other age group, preschool-aged children requiring tracheotomy remain understudied. We characterize the indications and outcomes for patients between the ages of 3 and 6 years undergoing tracheotomy. METHODS: Out of 480 pediatric tracheotomy procedures performed at a tertiary-care hospital between 1988 and 2004, 15 patients underwent primary tracheotomy between 3 and 6 years of age. RESULTS: Most (60%) procedures were performed for pulmonary toilet. Upper-airway obstruction represented the second most common indication (40%), and trauma necessitated tracheotomy procedures more often than had been predicted (40%). The decannulation rate was 40%; 2 patients died. CONCLUSION: Trauma contributed to both upper-airway obstruction as well as requirements for pulmonary toilet. These procedures performed secondary to trauma will likely continue to increase. SIGNIFICANCE: Tracheotomy procedures in the preschool population remain uncommon; however, nearly half of those studied were performed as a direct result of otherwise preventable trauma.

scholarly journals Absence of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C-Specific Antibodies during the First Year of Life in The Netherlands: an Age Group at Risk?

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1521-1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richarda M. de Voer ◽  
Fiona R. M. van der Klis ◽  
Laetitia E. M. Niers ◽  
Ger T. Rijkers ◽  
Guy A. M. Berbers
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Neisseria Meningitidis ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
First Year ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Functional Antibodies ◽  
First Year Of Life

ABSTRACT In The Netherlands, a single meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MenCC) vaccination is administered to children at the age of 14 months. Here, we report the levels of MenC polysaccharide-specific antibodies in children at birth and at 3, 11, and 12 months of age and the presence of functional antibodies at 11 months of age, before infants receive their MenCC immunization. We observed a rapid decline in polysaccharide-specific antibodies after birth and no induction of naturally elicited polysaccharide-specific antibodies. Furthermore, at 11 months of age, no bactericidal antibodies are observed. These data indicate that these infants may be at risk in the period prior to MenCC immunization, if Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C starts to (re)circulate.

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