Nature Trails: The Production of Instructive Landscapes in Britain, 1960–72

Rural History ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID MATLESS ◽  
CHARLES WATKINS ◽  
PAUL MERCHANT
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nature Trails ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World ◽  
Modern Form ◽  
Powerful Group

AbstractThis paper examines the introduction of a novel and modern form of natural history education in Britain in the 1960s, the nature trail. The rise in the number of nature reserves owned by county conservation trusts and the Nature Conservancy after the Second World War raised the issue of how they might best be used by members of the public. Reserves were initially seen by many as places from which the public should be excluded. The American concept of Nature Trails was introduced by a powerful group of nature conservationists to raise the profile of nature conservation and educate people. The role of the two National Nature Weeks of 1963 and 1966 is examined. The paper concludes with a detailed case study of the planning and management of the nature trail at East Wretham Heath, Norfolk.

scholarly journals Avant-gardes et expérimentations des formes dans les revues pharmaceutiques suisses: le cas Sandorama (1962–1965)

Gesnerus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-101
Author(s):  
Muriel Pic
Keyword(s):  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Pharmaceutical Marketing ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

This article reports on formal experimentation (literary, graphic and cinematographic) in Swiss pharmaceutical journals in the 1960s based on a case study: the Sandorama journal of Laboratoires Sandoz. It looks at the relationship between arts, medicine and commerce, showing that the public trust of the doctors who read the journal is built up through forms. The inventiveness of the latter is part of the more global process of a reorganization of pharmaceutical marketing after the Second World War, due in particular to the arrival of psychotropic drugs on the market.

The Etappe Kanaren: A case study of the secret supply of the German Navy in Spain during the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Díaz Benítez
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
World War ◽  
The One ◽  
Intense Activity ◽  
German Navy ◽  
Second World

The secret supply of the German Navy during the Second World War has scarcely been studied until now. The goal of this article is to study one of the more active supply areas of the Etappendienst at the beginning of the war, the one known as Etappe Kanaren, as part of the Grossetappe Spanien-Portugal. In this research primary sources from German Naval War Command have been consulted. Among the main conclusions, it should be pointed out, on the one hand, the intense activity to support the Kriegsmarine during the first years of the war, despite the distance from mainland Spain and the British pressure, which finally stopped the supply operations. On the other hand, we have confirmed the active role of the Spanish government in relation to the Etappendienst: Spanish authorities allowed the supply operations, but pressure from the Allies forced the Spanish government to impede these activities.

Narrating the Second World War in Denmark since 1945

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
NILS ARNE SØRENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Anders Fogh Rasmussen ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
War Experience ◽  
The Right ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
Second World

After the liberation in 1945, two conflicting narratives of the war experience were formulated. A consensus narrative presented the Danish nation as being united in resistance while a competing narrative, which also stressed the resistance of most Danes, depicted the collaborating Danish establishment as an enemy alongside the Germans. This latter narrative, formulated by members of the resistance movement, was marginalised after the war and the consensus narrative became dominant. The resistance narrative survived, however, and, from the 1960s, it was successfully retold by the left, both to criticise the Danish alliance with the ‘imperialist’ United States, and as an argument against Danish membership of the EC. From the 1980s, the right also used the framework of the resistance narrative in its criticism of Danish asylum legislation. Finally, liberal Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen started using it as his basic narrative of the war years (partly in order to legitimise his government's decision to join the war against Iraq in 2003). The war years have thus played a central role in Danish political culture since 1945, and in this process the role of historians has been utterly marginal.

scholarly journals Świat wynalazków i odkryć naukowych w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym — wybrane strategie dyskursu popularnonaukowego w prasie

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
Marcin Poprawa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Popularization Of Science ◽  
Second World

World of scientific discoveries in Polish popular press 1918–1939. The main strategies of popularization of knowledge in media discourseThe author of the article has two research objectives. The first one is to describe and analyse main strategies of popularization of science in Polish press 1918–1939. The article also highlights some aspects, tendencies and reception of media text media discourse: picture of the world of science and achievements, strategies used by journalists to write about difficult topics e.g. translating difficult problems into easier stylistic form, used by them rules of “Plain Language”. The second purpose of the article is to overview historical, cultural context and hidden implications persuasive strategies in the public discourse about the role of science in Poland before the Second World War.

scholarly journals The history of archaeological research at the site of the former Kulmhof extermination camp

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-14
Author(s):  
Andrzej Grzegorczyk
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Second World

The Kulmhof extermination camp in Chełmno nad Nerem was the first camp set up by the Nazis to exterminate Jews during the Second World War. The history of Kulmhof has long been an area of interest for academics, but despite thorough research it remains one of the least-known places of its kind among the public. Studies of the role of archaeology in acquiring knowledge about the functioning of the camp have been particularly compelling. The excavations carried out intermittently over a thirty-year period (1986–2016), which constitute the subject of this article, have played a key role in the rise in public interest in the history of the camp.

scholarly journals Living in the Age of Axis Internationalism: Imagining Europe in Serbia Before and During the Second World War

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Antić
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Second World

This article explores how ‘European civilization’ was imagined on the margins of Europe in the first half of the twentieth century, and how Balkan intellectuals saw their own societies’ place in it in the context of interwar crises and World War II occupation. It traces the interwar development and wartime transformation of the intellectual debates regarding the modernization of Serbia/Yugoslavia, the role of the Balkans in the broader European culture, and the most appropriate path to becoming a member of the ‘European family of nations’. In the first half of the article, I focus on the interwar Serbian intelligentsia, and their discussions of various forms of international cultural, political and civilizational links and settings. These discussions centrally addressed the issue of Yugoslavia’s (and Serbia’s) ‘Europeanness’ and cultural identity in the context of the East–West symbolic and the state’s complex cultural-historical legacies. Such debates demonstrated how frustrating the goal of Westernization and Europeanization turned out to be for Serbian intellectuals. After exploring the conundrums and seemingly insoluble contradictions of interwar modernization/Europeanization discussions, the article then goes on to analyse the dramatic changes in such intellectual outlooks after 1941, asking how Europe and European cultural/political integration were imagined in occupied Serbia, and whether the realities of the occupation could accommodate these earlier debates. Serbia can provide an excellent case study for exploring how the brutal Nazi occupation policies affected collaborationist governments, and how the latter tried to make sense of their troubled inclusion in the racial ideology of the New European Order under the German leadership. Was Germany’s propaganda regarding European camaraderie taken seriously by any of the local actors? What did the Third Reich’s dubious internationalism mean in the east and south-east of Europe, and did it have anything to offer to the intelligentsia as well as the population at large?

Economic Advice at the Centre of British Government, 1939–1941

1986 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Booth
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
World War ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
Economic Advice ◽  
Second World

Like other advanced countries in the twentieth century, Britain has witnessed a remarkable expansion in the size and functions of government. Increasing public intervention has necessarily been accompanied by a vigorous expansion in the number of specialists and professionals employed in the public service. In recent times there has been increasing academic interest in the role of one particular category of specialist, the economist. We have the definitive account by Howson and Winch of the economic advisory council and its committee on economic information, the purely advisory bodies of academic economists and representatives of producer interest groups which encouraged officials and ministers to take a longer, broader look at trends in the national and international economies in the thirties. From the post-1945 period we have a number of studies of specific departments and a growing collection of memoirs written by disenchanted or self-justifying economists on leaving government service. For the crucial period of the second world war, however, when administrators and politicians seemed to accept the need for professional economic advice from within the bureaucracy, comparatively little systematic research has been undertaken. There are memoirs, but many have been written long after the event and tend to be discursive and occasionally unreliable as to detail. Fortunately the state papers relating to the war are available and should be a reliable source from which to make judgements about the work and effectiveness of economic advisers in this crucial period.

scholarly journals Secularism and Spirituality

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-118
Author(s):  
Rosnani Hashim
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
World War ◽  
Educational Foundation ◽  
School Of Choice ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Second World

This compilation provides a systematic overview of the development andchallenges of Islamic education in Singapore. After the introduction by NoorAishah and Lai Ah Eng, Chee Min Fui focuses on the historical evolution ofmadrasah education (chapter 1) and Mukhlis Abu Bakar highlights the tensionbetween the state’s interest and the citizens’ right to an Islamic education(chapter 2). In chapter 3, Noor Aishah elaborates on the fundamental problemof the madrasah’s attempt to lay the educational foundation of both traditionaland rational sciences. Azhar Ibrahim surveys madrasah reforms inIndonesia, Egypt, India, and Pakistan in chapter 4, while Afiza Hashim andLai Ah Eng narrate a case study of Madrasah Ma`arif in chapter 5. Tan TayKeong (chapter 6) examines the debate on the national policy of compulsoryeducation in the context of the madrasah, and Syed Farid Alatas (chapter 7)clarifies the concept of knowledge and Islam’s philosophy of education,which can be used to assess contemporary madrasah education.Formal madrasah education in Singapore began with the establishmentof Madrasah Iqbal in 1908, which drew inspiration from Egypt’sreformist movement. This madrasah was a departure from traditionalIslamic education, which was informal and focused only on the traditionalsciences and Arabic. The madrasah’s importance and popularity in Singaporewas attested to by the fact that at one point, Madrasah al-Junied was“the school of choice for students from the Malay states, Indonesia and thePhilippines” (p. 10). After the Second World War, there were about 50-60such schools, mostly primary, with about 6,000 students using Malay asthe medium of instruction. The number declined with the introduction ofMalay-language secondary schools in the 1960s ...

Humanitarian Action and Coordination

2018 ◽  
pp. 582-600
Author(s):  
Jeff Crisp
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Interagency Coordination ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Second World

This chapter provides a historical perspective on the role of the United Nations in the areas of humanitarian action and coordination. It examines the UN’s emerging engagement in this domain in the aftermath of the Second World War, as well as the growth of the organization’s humanitarian role during the period of decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s. The chapter argues that the end of the Cold War created a humanitarian landscape that was more complex and dangerous than had previously been the case, giving rise to a range of acute policy dilemmas in relation to the protection and provision of assistance to refugees, displaced people, and other civilians. The chapter suggests that effective interagency coordination has been a chronic challenge for the UN in the humanitarian realm and provides a critical review of the different organizational arrangements that have been established to address this concern.

Railway workers in Second World War: Towards a reconciliation in historiography?

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Noëlle Polino
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Public Debates ◽  
Historical Investigation ◽  
Railway Workers ◽  
Second World

New developments in research about the role of railway workers in the holocaust reopen the historical discussion and the public debates on the responsibility of agencies and individuals in the deportation of the Jews during Second World War. The role of French railway employees is central in the controversy. This paper, focusing on new publications regarding the case of France, aims to summarize the debate and offers two main questions, which still ask for more historical investigation.

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