Non-Human Whalers in Nuu-chah-nulth Art and Ritual: Reappraising Orca in Archaeological Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. McMillan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Northwest Coast ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Predatory Behaviour ◽  
Ceremonial Life ◽  
Northwestern North America ◽  
Frequent Presence

Whaling was a central aspect of Nuu-chah-nulth, Ditidaht and Makah culture on the northwest coast of North America. Not only was it economically important, it was vital to chiefly prestige. Art and ceremonial life were dominated by themes related to whaling. Thunderbird, the great supernatural whaler, was the source of hereditary prerogatives held by chiefs, including names, dances, regalia and rights to display images of thunderbird and whale. This paper argues that human observations of predatory behaviour by orcas (or killer whales) led to these animals also being perceived as non-human whalers from which chiefly prerogatives could be obtained. Wolves, the main figures in Nuu-chah-nulth ceremonial life, had the power to transform into orcas, explaining their frequent presence in the art with thunderbirds and whales. This paper presents archaeological evidence for orca in the context of whaling and offers interpretations based on the extensive ethnographic and oral historical records. It also places perceptions of animals, the role of the hunter's wife and beliefs about orca in a broader context involving hunting societies in northwestern North America.

Supplemental material: Cenozoic to Recent plate configurations in the Pacific Basin: Ridge subduction and slab window magmatism in western North America

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Madsen ◽  
D.J. Thorkelson ◽  
R.M. Friedman ◽  
D.D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pacific Basin ◽  
Western North America ◽  
File Size ◽  
Tectonic Model ◽  
Ridge Subduction ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Northwestern North America ◽  
Slab Window

Geosphere, February 2006, v. 2, p. 11-34, doi: 10.1130/GES00020.1. Movie 1 - Tectonic model for the Pacific Basin and northwestern North America from 53 Ma to 39 Ma. The file size is 1.3 MB.

From converts to cooperation: Protestant internationalism, US missionaries and Indian Christians and ‘Professional’ social work between Boston and Bombay (c. 1920–1950)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Michael Phillipp Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
North America ◽  
Social Gospel ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
High Phase

Abstract The 1920s and 30s were a high phase of liberal missionary internationalism driven especially by American-led visions of the Social Gospel. As the missionary consensus shifted from proselytization to social concerns, the indigenization of missions and the role of the ‘younger churches’ outside of Europe and North America was brought into focus. This article shows how Protestant internationalism pursued a ‘Christian Sociology’ in dialogue with the field’s academic and professional form. Through the case study of settlement sociology and social work schemes by the American Marathi Mission (AMM) in Bombay, the article highlights the intricacies of applying internationalist visions in the field and asks how they were contested and shaped by local conditions and processes. Challenging a simplistic ‘secularization’ narrative, the article then argues that it was the liberal, anti-imperialist drive of the missionary discourse that eventually facilitated an American ‘professional imperialism’ in the development of secular social work in India. Adding local dynamics to the analysis of an internationalist discourse benefits the understanding of both Protestant internationalism and the genesis of Indian social work and shows the value of an integrated global micro-historical approach.

The Role of the Sport Psychology Consultant: A Case Study of Ultra-Distance Running

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Bull
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Sport Psychology ◽  
Crisis Intervention ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Mental Training ◽  
Descriptive Framework ◽  
Ongoing Evaluation

This article presents a case study describing the contribution of a sport psychology consultant to an ultra-distance runner’s attempt to complete 500 miles (800 kilometers) in 20 days through the deserts of North America. The contribution can be considered in four phases that provide a descriptive framework for the role of a sport psychology consultant: (a) establishing a rapport with the athlete, (b) formulating a psychological profile, (c) evaluating the demands of the athletic pursuit and planning an appropriate mental training program, and (d) ongoing evaluation of progress and crisis intervention.

Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of Northwestern North America: implications for inland versus coastal migration routes

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole A.S Mandryk ◽  
Heiner Josenhans ◽  
Daryl W Fedje ◽  
Rolf W Mathewes
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Northwestern North America

scholarly journals Links between plant species’ spatial and temporal responses to a warming climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1779) ◽  
pp. 20133017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Amano ◽  
Robert P. Freckleton ◽  
Simon A. Queenborough ◽  
Simon W. Doxford ◽  
Richard J. Smithers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Distribution Models ◽  
Range Shifts ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Phenological Changes

To generate realistic projections of species’ responses to climate change, we need to understand the factors that limit their ability to respond. Although climatic niche conservatism, the maintenance of a species’s climatic niche over time, is a critical assumption in niche-based species distribution models, little is known about how universal it is and how it operates. In particular, few studies have tested the role of climatic niche conservatism via phenological changes in explaining the reported wide variance in the extent of range shifts among species. Using historical records of the phenology and spatial distribution of British plants under a warming climate, we revealed that: (i) perennial species, as well as those with weaker or lagged phenological responses to temperature, experienced a greater increase in temperature during flowering (i.e. failed to maintain climatic niche via phenological changes); (ii) species that failed to maintain climatic niche via phenological changes showed greater northward range shifts; and (iii) there was a complementary relationship between the levels of climatic niche conservatism via phenological changes and range shifts. These results indicate that even species with high climatic niche conservatism might not show range shifts as instead they track warming temperatures during flowering by advancing their phenology.

Podosphaera leucotricha. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Podosphaera Leucotricha

Abstract A description is provided for Podosphaera leucotricha. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Malus spp., chiefly on M. pumila (apple), peach (Prunus persica), quince (Cydonia ualgaris) and Photinia spp. also attacked (Hirata, 1966). Also reported on almond fruit (43, 2544). DISEASE: Powdery mildew of apple. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (? Kenya, Rhodaia, South Africa, Tanzania); Asia (China, India, Israel, Japan, U.S.S.R.); Australia and New Zealand, Europe (widely distributed) North America (Canada and U.S.A.); South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru). (CMI map 118). TRANSMISSION: Overwinters on host as dormant mycdium in blossom buds. The role of deistothecia in overwintering is doubtful. Spread by wind-borne conidia (Anderson, 1956).

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