scholarly journals Closed-Loop Brain Devices in Offender Rehabilitation: Autonomy, Human Rights, and Accountability

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-680
Author(s):  
Sjors Ligthart ◽  
Tijs Kooijmans ◽  
Thomas Douglas ◽  
Gerben Meynen
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Offender Rehabilitation ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Medical Context ◽  
Criminal Offender ◽  
Scholarly Attention

AbstractThe current debate on closed-loop brain devices (CBDs) mainly focuses on their use in a medical context; possible criminal justice applications have only received incidental scholarly attention. Unlike in medicine, in criminal justice, CBDs might be offered on behalf of the State and for the purpose of protecting security, rather than realizing healthcare aims. It would be possible to deploy CBDs in the rehabilitation of convicted offenders, similarly to the much-debated possibility of employing other brain interventions in this context. Although such use of CBDs could in principle be consensual, there are significant differences between the choice faced by a criminal offender offered a CBD in the context of criminal justice, and that faced by a patient offered a CBD in an ordinary healthcare context. Employment of CBDs in criminal justice thus raises ethical and legal intricacies not raised by healthcare applications. This paper examines some of these issues under three heads: autonomy, human rights, and accountability.

scholarly journals Scope of State Responsibility Against Terrorism in International Law Perspective; Indonesian Cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Purwaningrum Soemitro ◽  
Indra Wahyu Pratama
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
International Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
State Responsibility ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Global Terrorism ◽  
International Conventions

Abstract: Scope of State Responsibility Against Terrorism in International Law Perspective; Indonesian Cases. The emergence of global terrorism cases within more than a decade, marked by the tragedy of 9/11, making the issue of it being a big problem. The State as one of the subjects of International Law, into the spotlight. One of the problems that developed was the extent of the responsibility of the State towards acts of terrorism that occurred in the region of his sovereignty, which caused casualties both its own citizens or foreign nationals. In the case of terrorism that happened in Indonesia, the State's responsibility to the International Conventions implementation are very insufficient and the efforts from the country by creating a system of criminal justice to the criminal offence of terrorism has not been a maximum. There should be an obligation of the internationally imposed on it. The problem is if the terrorism was occurred will be submitted to the International Law are likely to be open to foreigners intervention. This is of course contrary to the principles of International Law. However, in the development of International Law as it has evolved in the Principle of the Responsibility to Protect and that should be accepted by any countries in order to attract the embodiment of the country against the security and Human Rights Abstrak: Lingkup Pertanggungjawaban Negara Terhadap Terorisme dalam Perspektif Hukum Internasional pada Kasus Indonesia. Munculnya kasus terorisme global dalam satu dekade, ditandai dengan tragedi 9/11 yang menjadi masalah besar. Salah satu masalah yang berkembang adalah sejauh mana tanggung jawab negara terhadap aksi terorisme yang terjadi di wilayah kedaulatannya, yang menyebabkan timbulnya korban, baik warga negaranya sendiri atau warga negara asing. Dalam kasus terorisme yang terjadi di Indonesia, pertanggungjawaban negara terlihat dalam pelaksanaan Konvensi Internasional dan upaya menciptakan sistem peradilan pidana bagi pelaku tindak pidana terorisme. Jika permasalahan terorisme diserahkan kepada Hukum Internasional, maka cenderung akan membuka intervensi asing. Hal ini tentu saja bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip Hukum Internasional. Namun, dalam perkembangan Hukum Internasional telah berevolusi dalam Prinsip Tanggung Jawab untuk melindungi, selain adanya keharusan setiap negara untuk menjaga keamanan dan Hak Asasi Manusia  DOI: 10.15408/jch.v2i1.1841

scholarly journals Victims’ rights are human rights: The importance of recognizing victims as persons

Temida ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo-Anne Wemmers
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Crime Victims ◽  
The State ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Criminal Justice Process ◽  
The Right

In this paper the author argues that victims? rights are human rights. Criminal law typically views victims as witnesses to a crime against the state, thus shutting them out of the criminal justice process and only allowing them in when they are needed to testify. This is a major source of dissatisfaction for victims who seek validation in the criminal justice system. Victims are persons with rights and privileges. Crimes constitute violations of their rights as well as acts against society or the state. While human rights instruments, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, do not mention crime victims specifically, a number of rights are identified, which can be viewed from the victim?s perspective. As individuals with dignity, victims have the right to recognition as persons before the law. However, such rights are only meaningful if they can be enforced.

scholarly journals HAK ASASI MANUSIA VERSUS PIDANA MATI

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boni Suparto Wuarlela
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Criminal Justice Process

Human Rights are the basic rights of every human being as God's creatures who are equal to one another. The application of the death penalty by the state through a court decision means that the state revokes the convict's right to life which is an unlimited human right. Therefore, its implementation must take into account the rights of the convict. The purpose of this paper is to find out whether the imposition of the death penalty for criminals is against human rights. What are the criteria for imposing the death penalty for perpetrators of crimes that do not conflict with human rights? The method used is a normative research method using secondary data. It can be concluded that the imposition of the death penalty is against human rights. However, in its application, it can be justified on the grounds of defending human rights and only for crimes that go beyond humanity and damage human civilization. The implementation of the criminal justice process must be transparent and fair.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIF PENJATUHAN HUKUMAN MATI DI INDONESIA DILIHAT DARI PERSPEKTIF HAM (Alternative of Death Penalty of Human Rights Perspective, In Indonesia)

Jurnal HAM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Bungasan Hutapea
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Criminal Justice Process

Penjatuhan pidana mati merupakan bagian terpenting dari proses peradilan pidana. Penerapan pidana mati oleh Negara melalui putusan pengadilan, berarti Negara mengambil hak hidup terpidana yang merupakan hak asasi manusia yang sifatnya tidak dapat dibatasi (non derogable). Oleh karena itu penerapannya harus memperhatikan Hak Asasi Manusia terpidana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penjatuhan hukuman mati bagi pelaku kejahatan, bertentangan dengan atau tidak dengan hak asasi manusia dan kriteria penjatuhan pidana mati bagi pelaku kejahatan yang tidak bertentangan dengan hak asasi manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penjatuhan pidana mati bertentangan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia dan penetapan dapat dibenarkan dengan alasan membela hak asasi manusia dan hanya pada kejahatan yang bersifat melampaui batas kemanusiaan.AbstractThe death penalty is an important thing in the criminal justice process. Its practice by the state with a verdict, that means state takes a life right of convict which is a nonderogable right. Therefore, its practice must pay attention to their human right. The purpose of this research is to know death penalty of the offenders and its criteria against to the human right or not. This method of this research is normative juridical with secondary data. It concludes that death penalty against to human right and its stipulation can be justifiable by reasoning to defend the human right and merely on crime tend to beyond humanity.

scholarly journals A missing link in the Traditional Courts Bill 2017: Evidence obtained through human rights violations

2018 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Robert Doya Nanima
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Republic

The issue of admission of evidence obtained through human rights violations is central to a criminal justice system as a mechanism through which to prevent overzealous prosecution by the state and ensure protection of human rights. As such, any court that deals with criminal cases has to evaluate evidence before it is admitted. This article argues that the Traditional Courts Bill (TCB)1 does not provide for a mode of dealing with evidence obtained as a result of human rights violations. To substantiate this argument, the article reviews the current Bill, and reflects on the challenges that arise with regard to evidence obtained in this way. The article contextualises section 35(5) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, and discusses the practical difficulties of applying it under the current Bill. The article concludes with recommendations for measures that can ensure that accused persons are not prejudiced when appearing before the court.

What we own Before Property: Hugo Grotius and the Suum

Grotiana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Mancilla
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Discussion ◽  
State Of Nature ◽  
Modern Natural ◽  
Hugo Grotius ◽  
Scholarly Attention

At the basis of modern natural law theories, the concept of the suum, i.e. what belongs to the person (in Latin, his, her, its, their own), has received little scholarly attention despite its importance both in explaining and justifying not only the genealogy of property, but also that of morality and war. In this essay I focus on Grotius’s account of the suum and examine what it is, what things it includes, what rights it gives rise to, and how it is extended in the transition from the state of nature to civil society. I then briefly suggest that reviving this concept could help to illuminate the current discussion on the foundations of basic human rights, and to re-evaluate cases where these seem to clash with property rights.

15. Criminology, punishment, and the state in a globalized society

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Franko
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
The State ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
The Impact

Questions of criminal law and criminal justice are increasingly becoming international, overcoming the confines of traditional jurisdictional constraints. This chapter traces these developments in order to examine what relevance criminology has had and may hold for understanding contemporary global issues. It examines, among other things, the impact of global interconnectedness on the nature of state sovereignty, particularly in light of challenges such as international terrorism, irregular migration, and transnational organized crime. By doing so, the chapter does not simply chart a demise of the state, as is sometimes assumed within studies of globalization. Instead, it proposes a more subtle, analytical and imaginary disconnection between crime, penality, and the nation state. Finally, the chapter addresses the rise of international forms of justice, particularly those articulated through human rights regimes, as well as the emerging challenges to them.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS STANDARDS AND RUSSIAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
A. A. Tarasov
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
The State ◽  
European Convention ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
European Court ◽  
International Human ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Human Rights Standards

The novelty lies in the author's assessment of the impact of international human rights standards and a fair trial procedure not only on the criminal justice itself, but also on the entire system of relations between the state and the individual, as well as in a critical analysis of clauses found in the literature on possible restrictions on the application of the European Court's practice on human rights in Russia. The aim of the work is to substantiate the unconditionally positive influence of international human rights and justice standards on the Russian criminal justice system and the relationship between the state, the individual and society. The objective is to demonstrate, using examples from the literature and practice of the European Court of Human Rights, the undoubtedly positive impact of the application in Russia of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and decisions of the European Court of Human Rights on Russian criminal justice and on all practical jurisprudence in Russia. The article uses the methods of system analysis and synthesis, comparative legal and historical methods. As a result, the author's conclusions about the inadmissibility and inappropriateness of limiting the operation on the territory of Russia of international human rights standards and fair trial procedures expressed in the European Convention and court decisions of the European Court have been substantiated. In conclusion, these brief conclusions are formulated.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIF PENJATUHAN HUKUMAN MATI DI INDONESIA DILIHAT DARI PERSPEKTIF HAM (Alternative of Death Penalty of Human Rights Perspective, In Indonesia)

Jurnal HAM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Bungasan Hutapea
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Justice Process ◽  
Criminal Justice Process

Penjatuhan pidana mati merupakan bagian terpenting dari proses peradilan pidana. Penerapan pidana mati oleh Negara melalui putusan pengadilan, berarti Negara mengambil hak hidup terpidana yang merupakan hak asasi manusia yang sifatnya tidak dapat dibatasi (non derogable). Oleh karena itu penerapannya harus memperhatikan Hak Asasi Manusia terpidana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penjatuhan hukuman mati bagi pelaku kejahatan, bertentangan dengan atau tidak dengan hak asasi manusia dan kriteria penjatuhan pidana mati bagi pelaku kejahatan yang tidak bertentangan dengan hak asasi manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penjatuhan pidana mati bertentangan dengan Hak Asasi Manusia dan penetapan dapat dibenarkan dengan alasan membela hak asasi manusia dan hanya pada kejahatan yang bersifat melampaui batas kemanusiaan.AbstractThe death penalty is an important thing in the criminal justice process. Its practice by the state with a verdict, that means state takes a life right of convict which is a nonderogable right. Therefore, its practice must pay attention to their human right. The purpose of this research is to know death penalty of the offenders and its criteria against to the human right or not. This method of this research is normative juridical with secondary data. It concludes that death penalty against to human right and its stipulation can be justifiable by reasoning to defend the human right and merely on crime tend to beyond humanity.

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