scholarly journals Tobacco Farmer Interest and Success in Income Diversification

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Beach ◽  
Alison Snow Jones ◽  
Janet A. Tooze
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Income Diversification ◽  
Market Data ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Alternative Sources

As farm income from tobacco production has declined in recent years, there has been increasing interest in identifying alternative sources of income for tobacco farmers in the southern United States The recent termination of the tobacco quota program has accelerated the exit of tobacco farmers and has heightened concern regarding the availability of substitutes for tobacco production. In this study, we examine factors influencing tobacco farmers' attempts to identify profitable alternatives to tobacco, their off-farm employment behavior, and changes in acres of tobacco cultivated using survey data collected from a panel of North Carolina tobacco farmers combined with market data.

scholarly journals Overwintering of Sclerotium rolfsii and S. rolfsii var. delphinii in Different Latitudes of the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Xu ◽  
M. L. Gleason ◽  
D. S. Mueller ◽  
P. D. Esker ◽  
C. A. Bradley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
North Dakota ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Northern United States

Previously known only from the southern United States, hosta petiole rot recently appeared in the northern United States. Sclerotium rolfsii var. delphinii is believed to be the predominant petiole rot pathogen in the northern United States, whereas S. rolfsii is most prevalent in the southern United States. In order to test the hypothesis that different tolerance to climate extremes affects the geographic distribution of these fungi, the survival of S. rolfsii and S. rolfsii var. delphinii in the northern and southeastern United States was investigated. At each of four locations, nylon screen bags containing sclerotia were placed on the surface of bare soil and at 20-cm depth. Sclerotia were recovered six times from November 2005 to July 2006 in North Dakota and Iowa, and from December 2005 to August 2006 in North Carolina and Georgia. Survival was estimated by quantifying percentage of sclerotium survival on carrot agar. Sclerotia of S. rolfsii var. delphinii survived until at least late July in all four states. In contrast, no S. rolfsii sclerotia survived until June in North Dakota or Iowa, whereas 18.5% survived until August in North Carolina and 10.3% survived in Georgia. The results suggest that inability to tolerate low temperature extremes limits the northern range of S. rolfsii.

Urban Governance and Tolerance: The Regulation of Suspect Spaces and the Burden of Surveillance in Post–World War I Asheville, North Carolina

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-702
Author(s):  
Seth Epstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
World War I ◽  
Urban Governance ◽  
White Supremacy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
World War

This article reconsiders the relevance of tolerance to urban history in the Southern United States. It examines the surveillance of commercial and residential spaces considered morally suspect by white authorities in post–World War I Asheville, North Carolina. Policing practices involved objects of suspicion in the management of order within pawnshops, dance halls, and African American neighborhoods. The regulation of such suspect spaces distributed the responsibility for surveillance to many actors. Pawnbrokers, dance hall operators, and prominent African Americans all were enlisted and enlisted themselves in policing networks. Participants’ involvement in such efforts at times facilitated their claims to self-regulation. These networks, however, did not remove white authorities’ suspicions from either the spaces or the individuals who surveilled them. Instead, the arrangements scrutinized here supported those suspicions. Examining the contradictions of these arrangements demonstrates how tolerance informed urban governance within the context of white supremacy.

Gradience, allophony, and chain shifts

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Dinkin ◽  
Robin Dodsworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Southern United States ◽  
Vowel Duration ◽  
Distributional Analysis ◽  
Chain Shifts

ABSTRACTThe monophthongization of /ay/ in the Southern United States is disfavored by following voiceless consonants (price) relative to voiced or word-final environments (prize). If monophthongization is the trigger for the Southern Shift (Labov, 2010) and chain shifts operate as predicted by a modular feedforward phonological theory (cf. Bermúdez-Otero, 2007), this implies price and prize must be two ends of a phonetic continuum, rather than two discrete allophones. We test this hypothesis via distributional analysis of offglide targets and statistical analysis of the effect of vowel duration. As predicted, we find price and prize share a continuous distribution in the Inland South, the region where the Southern Shift probably originated (Labov, Ash, & Boberg, 2006). We use Raleigh, North Carolina, outside the Inland South, as a comparison point; there, the same methodologies indicate price and prize are more discretely separated. Our results thus offer empirical support for the phonological theory that motivated the hypothesis.

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