Attentional Bias for Appetitive Cues: Effects of Fasting in Normal Subjects

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith H. Lavy ◽  
Marcel A. van den Hout
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Appetitive Cues ◽  
Positive Evaluation

A long series of earlier studies demonstrated that fearful subjects selectively allocate attention to sources of perceived threat. Such attentional bias may not be limited to negative cues. It is hypothesized that attentional bias serves to enhance early identification of action-relevant cues and that such bias also occurs when subjects are confronted with positive valenced cues that evoke an urge to act immediately. In order to determine whether or not the attentional bias effect is limited to unpleasant stimuli, we studied the effects of 24 hours of fasting, focusing our attention on a possible attentional bias for (positively evaluated) food stimuli. The experiment controlled for emotionality effects. It is shown that fasting results in a positive evaluation of food stimuli and an increased desire for these stimuli. The attentional bias effects found were slight and more likely attributable to the increased urge to act than to general emotionality effects. The power of the experimental manipulation and the computerized Stroop task are discussed.

Effects of Body Position and Attitude Similarity on Interpersonal Attraction and Opinion Change

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh McGinley ◽  
Karen Nicholas ◽  
Patsy McGinley
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Attraction ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Attitude Similarity ◽  
Opinion Change ◽  
Positive Evaluation

Addressees, who were similar or dissimilar in attitude to a communicator, viewed slides of the communicator which showed her displaying either open or closed body positions. Addressees who were similar in attitude to the communicator evaluated her more positively than addressees who were dissimilar to her. Given attitude similarity between addressees and the communicator, addressees evaluated the communicator more positively when she displayed open body positions than when she displayed closed body positions. In general addressees' opinion changes were directly related to their positive evaluation of the communicator but in some cases the addressees' awareness of the experimental manipulation altered the effect on opinion.

scholarly journals Using a Pictorial-Modified Stroop Task to Explore the Sexual Interests of Sexual Offenders Against Children

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caoilte Ó Ciardha ◽  
Michael Gormley
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Sexual Interest ◽  
Modified Stroop ◽  
Mixed Factorial Design ◽  
Cognitive Speed ◽  
Cautious Interpretation ◽  
Sexual Interests

The results of two studies are reported examining the utility of a pictorial-modified Stroop task (P-MST) in the assessment of sexual interest in a sample of nonoffending participants and of sexual offenders against children. A mixed factorial design was adopted for both. Nine gay and 12 straight participants took part in the first study which found that participants typically had attentional bias on the P-MST that was in line with their stated sexual interests. Twenty four sexual offenders against children and 24 control participants took part in the second study. Again results indicated that the task was tapping into the participants’ stated sexual interests. Furthermore, extrafamilial offenders and offenders with an admitted sexual interest in children demonstrated the greatest mean bias for child stimuli relative to adult stimuli. A cautious interpretation of the results was recommended, given the sample size in the study, the heterogeneity of the sample, differences in cognitive speed among offenders and controls and other methodological caveats.

Attentional bias for smoking and affective stimuli: A Stroop task study.

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Drobes ◽  
Andrea Elibero ◽  
David E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Affective Stimuli

scholarly journals EVALUACIÓN DE SESGOS ATENCIONALES EN SUJETOS CON ALTA VULNERABILIAD A LA ARACNOFOBIA MEDIANTE UNA TAREA STROOP EMOCIONAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Sonia González Díez ◽  
Antonio Sánchez Cabaco ◽  
Mª Cruz Pérez Lancho ◽  
Sarai Mata Gil ◽  
Luz Mª Fernández Mateos
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Emotional Stroop Task ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Vulnerable Subjects ◽  
Three Sheets ◽  
The One

Abstract:EVALUATION OF ATTENTIONAL BIASES OF SUBJECTS WITH HIGH VULNERABILITY TO ARACHNOPHOBIA USING A EMOTIONAL STROOP TASKThe present study aims to analyze attentional biases that are triggered in vulnerable subjects to phobias of spiders. A sample of subjects with high and low vulnerability to arachnophobia were administered two tests: 1 - classic Stroop task and 2 - emotional Stroop task formed by three sheets: neutral words, repulsive emotional words and words related to spider phobia. The results showed that subjects with high vulnerability do not present attentional biases with these words related to their phobia. Attentional biases were neither found regarding the state-trait anxiety about words. On the other hand, it is noteworthy that the attentional bias was not influenced by the variable of sex, although there were differences in the colour in which the stimuli were presented in the three sheets of the emotional Stroop. It was the black colour the one which produced more interference due to the fact that the colour of the stimulus would attract more attentional resources because it resembles the colour of some of these insects.Key words: emotional Stroop, aracnofobia, attentional bias, words-spiderResumen:El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los sesgos atencionales que se desencadenan en sujetos vulnerables a mostrar fobia a las arañas. A una muestra de sujetos con alta y baja vulnerabilidad a la aracnofobia se le administraron dos pruebas: 1- Tarea Stroop clásico y 2- Tarea Stroop emocional formada por tres láminas: palabras neutras, palabras emocionales de carácter aversivo y palabras relacionadas con fobia a las arañas. Los resultados demostraron que los sujetos con alta vulnerabilidad no presentan sesgos atencionales para palabras relacionadas con su fobia. Tampoco se encontraron sesgos en atención en ansiedad rasgo-estado respecto a palabras. Por otro lado, cabe destacar que el sesgo atencional no se vio influenciado por la variable sexo de la muestra, aunque se produjeron diferencias respecto al color en que se presentaron los estímulos en las tres láminas del Stroop emocional, siendo el color negro el que produciría más interferencia debido que el color del estímulo atraería más recursos atencionales ya que se asemeja a la característica perceptiva del color negro de alguno de estos insectos.Palabras clave: stroop emocional, aracnofobia, atención selectiva, palabras-araña

Attentional bias effect on post‐traumatic outcomes in children after earthquake: Mediation role of rumination

PsyCh Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 738-748
Author(s):  
Sadaf Alamdar ◽  
Yaodi Lv ◽  
Jiang Guo ◽  
Jiangfeng Lu ◽  
Yuqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Bias Effect ◽  
Post Traumatic

Attentional retraining and cognitive biases in a regular cannabis smoking student population

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Andrea Wolf ◽  
Elske Salemink ◽  
Reinout W. Wiers
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Avoidance Task ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Approach And Avoidance ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Visual Probe ◽  
Problematic Substance Use ◽  
Problematic Substance

Abstract. Aim Repeated drug use can lead to attentional bias and approach tendencies, which are thought to play an important role in problematic substance use and dependence. The aims of the current study were to 1) test an attentional retraining procedure in a sample of moderate and heavy cannabis using students and 2) compare baseline attentional and approach bias between the two groups with different implicit measures. Design and participants Attentional bias scores toward cannabis-related or neutral stimuli were determined with modified versions of the Visual Probe Task and the cannabis Stroop task. Approach and avoidance action tendencies toward cannabis-related and neutral stimuli were assessed with the cannabis Approach-Avoidance Task (AAT) and the Stimulus Response Compatibility task (SRC). Seventeen participants were assigned randomly to five sessions of an attentional retraining procedure or control training. Results Attentional retraining did not decrease the speeded detection of cannabis stimuli and the difficulty to disengage from those stimuli, no trainingseffects were revealed. Moderate cannabis users did not show an attentional bias for cannabis-related cues (measured with the cannabis Stroop task), whereas heavy cannabis users did show an attentional bias for cannabis-related stimuli that cannot be attributed to cognitive control deficits on the classical Stroop task. Moreover, heavy cannabis users, but not moderate users, were significant faster to approach cannabis images compared to neutral images, using the SRC task. Conclusion Seen the observed difference in cognitive biases towards cannabis stimuli between moderate and heavy cannabis users, this study supports the allegation that cognitive biases towards cannabis stimuli may be an important marker of problematic cannabis use.

Effects of Thought Suppression on Subliminally and Supraliminally Presented Food-related Stimuli

2003 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J.N. Dejonckheere ◽  
Caroline Braet ◽  
Barbara Soetens
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dietary Behaviour ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Modified Stroop ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractThis study investigates whether hyperaccessibility occurs for supraliminally or subliminally presented sweets-related stimuli after prior suppression of thoughts about sweets. Thirty-three students (all female; 18—25 years old) participated in the experiment. In the first phase, half of the experimental group was instructed to suppress all sweets-related thoughts. The other participants were given control instructions. In the second phase, as part of a modified Stroop task, participants were asked to state the colour of a stimulus as quickly as possible. This stimulus could be presented either subliminally or supraliminally. In both conditions, neutral control words as well as sweets words were used. It was found that the participants in the suppression group, compared to those in the control group, showed attentional bias for the sweet-related suppressed thoughts, but that this effect was determined by the reaction times of subliminally presented sweets words. No differences were found for the control words. In addition, the study explored whether there was a relationship between thought suppression and dietary restraint attitudes. The link to dietary behaviour, however, remains unclear.

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